Process and apparatus for removing volatile organic compounds from contaminated vadose soil areas

• US 5,116,515 A
• Filed: 04/24/1991
• Issued: 05/26/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 04/24/1991
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Soil Guardian Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Soil Guardian Incorporated
• Inventors: Selesnick, Lawrence B.
• Primary Examiner(s): Dawson, Robert A.
• Assistant Examiner(s): DRODGE, JOSEPH W
• Application Number:
  US07/690,473
• Time in Patent Office: 398 Days
• Field of Search: 55/55, 55/97, 55/98, 55/164, 55/165, 55/167-170, 55/18, 55/160, 166/265, 166/266, 166/267, 166/370, 166/53, 175/57, 210/85, 210/96.1, 210/104, 210/110, 210/138, 210/139, 210/143, 210/170, 210/188, 210/218, 210/220, 210/258, 210/259, 210/263, 210/747, 210/804, 210/806, 210/807, 210/901 , 210/744, 210/919
• US Class Current: 210/744
• CPC Class Codes: B09C 1/005 Extraction of vapours or gases using vacuum or venting
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 1/20 by degassing, i.e. liberation of dissolved gases degasification of liquids in general B01D19/00; arrangement of degassing apparatus in boiler feed supply F22D
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 43/34 Arrangements for separating materials produced by the well
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 210/919 using combined systems by merging parallel diverse waste systems

Abstract

A process and apparatus is disclosed for removing volatile organic contaminants from vadose soil areas. Air is drawn through recovery probes positioned in the soil area being monitored. At intervals a blower is activated to draw gaseous vapors from the contaminated soil area above the underground water level. These gases are gathered within a water separator tank where gases and accidentally gathered liquids are separated. The gases are then passed through a filtration device for cleaning thereof. The device includes a water purifying system for dry cleaning contact water known to be contaminated. An external reservoir is provided for receiving of the contact water and for movement of the contact water into the water separator tank as desired. The level of water within the tank is constantly monitored. An aspiration means may be activated within the water separator tank to bubble through the contaminated liquid for stripping organic contaminants therefrom. Flow of fluid into the tank and activation of the aspiration means.

Claims

1. An apparatus for removing volatile organic compounds from contaminated vadose soil areas comprising:

a) at least one recovery probe means positioned for extending downwardly into contaminated soil areas to facilitate removal of volatile organic compounds therefrom, said recovery probe means defining a recovery probe chamber therein to receive gases received from adjacent contaminated soil areas, said recovery probe means including slot means defined therein to facilitate receiving of gases from contaminated soil into said recovery probe chamber means;

b) a gas flow line means in fluid flow communication with respect to said recovery probe means to receive gases gathered therein;

c) a water separator tank means in fluid flow communication with respect to said gas flow line means to receive fluids therefrom and to separate therefrom any liquid passing through said gas flow line means;

d) a liquid level sensing means positioned within said water separator tank means and operable to sense the liquid level within said water separator tank means;

e) a drain means positioned within said water separator tank means to facilitate draining thereof and being movable between a closed position preventing fluid flow therethrough and an opened position allowing water to be removed from said water separator tank means;

f) an inlet valve means positioned within said gas flow line means to selectively control flow therethrough into said water separator tank means;

g) an aeration means positioned within said water separator tank means to introduce gaseous bubbles into liquid gathered within said water separator tank means to remove volatile organic contaminants therefrom for introduction into gases above the liquid level therein;

h) a blower means in fluid flow communication with respect to said water separator tank means and adapted to pull gases therefrom to form a partial vacuum therein to facilitate drawing of gases from said recovery probe chambers through said gas flow line means into said water separator tank means;

i) a filtration means in fluid flow communication with respect to said blower means to receive gases therefrom, said filtration means being adapted to remove volatile organic contaminants therefrom;

j) an external reservoir means for receiving contaminated water separately with respect to said recovery probe means; and

k) an external water introduction means operatively connected with respect to said water separator tank means to facilitate introduction of contaminated water from said external reservoir means into said water separator tank means.

2. An apparatus for removing volatile organic compounds from contaminated vadose soil areas as defined in claim 1 wherein said filtration means comprises an activated carbon filter means.

3. An apparatus for removing volatile organic compounds from contaminated vadose soil areas as defined in claim 1 wherein said filtration means comprises an activated carbon adsorption filtration means.

4. An apparatus for removing volatile organic compounds from contaminated vadose soil areas as defined in claim 1 further comprising a vent means positioned within said water separator tank means to facilitate venting of said water separator tank means.

5. An apparatus for removing volatile organic compounds from contaminated vadose soil areas as defined in claim 1 wherein said filtration means defines an outlet means to exhaust cleaned air into the ambient environment.

6. An apparatus for removing volatile organic compounds from contaminated vadose soil areas as defined in claim 1 wherein said recovery probe means is generally cylindrical to define said recovery probe chamber therein.

7. An apparatus for removing volatile organic compounds from contaminated vadose soil areas as defined in claim 6 wherein said slot means defined in said cylindrical recovery probe means extend horizontally therearound to facilitate gas flow to said recovery probe chamber.

8. An apparatus for removing volatile organic compounds from contaminated vadose soil areas as defined in claim 1 wherein said recovery probe means are arranged to extend downwardly into vadose soil area above a given underground water table.

9. An apparatus for removing volatile organic compounds from contaminated vadose soil areas as defined in claim 1 wherein said blower means is adapted to exert a partial vacuum of approximately 0.5 to 6.0 inches of mercury.

10. An apparatus for removing volatile organic compounds from contaminated vadose soil areas as defined in claim 1 further comprising a pre-filter of coarse sand surrounding each of said recovery probe means adjacent said slot means defined therein.

11. An apparatus for removing volatile organic compounds from contaminated vadose soil areas as defined in claim 1 wherein said blower means is variably operable to facilitate gases being drawn into said water separator tank means and to limit liquid drawn therein.

12. An apparatus for removing volatile organic compounds from contaminated vadose solid areas as defined in claim 1 further comprising a timing means to periodically activate and de-activate said blower means.

13. An apparatus for removing volatile organic compounds from contaminated vadose soil areas as defined in claim 1 further including a contaminant monitor means operable to sense the amount of contamination in the gases downstream of said water separator tank means and indicate same.

14. An apparatus for removing volatile organic compounds from contaminated vadose soil areas as defined in claim 1 wherein said inlet valve means is adapted to prevent liquid flow into said water separator tank means responsive to said liquid level sensing means sensing a full liquid condition within said water separator tank means to prevent excessive liquid levels within said water separator tank means.

15. An apparatus for removing volatile organic compounds from contaminated vadose soil areas as defined in claim 14 wherein said aeration means is adapted to be rendered operative for a predetermined period of time after said liquid level sensing means senses a full liquid condition within said water separator tank means.

16. An apparatus for removing volatile organic compounds from contaminated vadose soil areas as defined in claim 15 including a contaminant monitor means operable to sense contamination levels in the gases being received by said filtration means.

17. An apparatus for removing volatile organic compounds from contaminated vadose soil areas comprising:

a) at least one recovery probe means positioned for extending downwardly into vadose contaminated soil immediately above a given underground water table to facilitate removal of volatile organic compounds therefrom, said recovery probe means including cylindrical member defining a recovery probe chamber therein to receive gases received from adjacent contaminated soil areas, said cylindrical recovery probe means including slot means defined by extending horizontally therearound to facilitate receiving of gases from contaminated soil into said recovery probe chamber means;

b) a pre-filter means of coarse sand positioned around said recovery probe means adjacent said horizontal slot means defined therein;

c) a gas flow line means in fluid flow communication with respect to said recovery probe means to receive gases gathered therein;

d) a water separator tank means in fluid flow communication with respect to said gas flow line means to receive fluids therefrom and to separate therefrom any liquid passing through said gas flow line means;

e) a liquid level sensing means positioned within said water separator tank means and operable to sense the liquid level within said water separator tank means;

f) a drain means positioned within said water separator tank means to facilitate draining thereof and being movable between a closed position preventing fluid flow therethrough and an opened position allowing water to be removed from said water separator tank means;

g) an inlet valve means positioned within said gas flow line means to selectively control flow therethrough into said water separator tank means;

said inlet valve means being adapted to be closed responsive to said liquid level sensing means sensing a full liquid condition within said water separator tank means to prevent excessive water levels within said water separator tank means;

h) an aeration means positioned within said water separator tank means to introduce gaseous bubbles into liquid gathered within said water separator tank means to remove volatile organic contaminants therefrom for introduction into gases above the liquid level therein, said aeration means being adapted to be rendered operative for a predetermined period of time responsive to said liquid level sensing means sensing a full liquid condition within said water separator means;

i) a blower means in fluid flow communication with respect to said water separator tank means and adapted to pull gases therefrom to form a partial vacuum therein to facilitate drawing of gases from said recovery probe chambers through said gas flow line means into said water separator tank means, said blower means being variably operable to facilitate drawing of gases into said water separator and to limit liquid drawn therein;

j) a filtration means including an activated carbon adsorption filtration means in fluid flow communication with respect o said blower means to receive gases therefrom said filtration means being adapted to remove volatile organic contaminants therefrom said filtration means defining an outlet means to exhaust cleaned air into the ambient environment;

k) an external reservoir means for receiving contaminated water separately with respect to said recovery probe means;

l) an external water introduction means operatively connected with respect to said water separator means to facilitate introduction of contaminated water from said external reservoir means into said water separator means;

m) a vent means positioned within said water separator tank means to facilitate venting thereof during operation of said drain means;

n) a timing means operatively connected with respect to said blower means to control periodic operation thereof; and

o) a contaminant monitor means operable to sense contamination levels in the gases being pulled from said water separator tank means and indicate same.

18. A process for removing volatile organic compounds from contaminated vadose soil areas comprising:

a) establishing at least one bore hole extending downwardly into the vadose layer of soil above a given underground water table;

b) positioning of a recovery probe device within each at least one bore hole to facilitate removal of underground gases therefrom;

c) backfilling with a sand material around each recovery probe device to facilitate entry of underground gases therein;

d) operatively connecting fluid flow lines with respect to each recovery probe device to facilitate drawing of gases therefrom;

e) operatively connecting the fluid flow lines with respect to a water separator tank which receives gases from the respective recovery probe devices;

filtering of gases received from within the water separator tank to remove volatile organic contaminants therefrom;

f) periodically applying a vacuum to the water separator tank to draw gases upwardly from the at least one bore hole into the recovery probe devices and through the fluid flow lines to the water separator tank and for filtering thereof;

g) accumulating water drawn through the fluid flow liens within the water separator tank and separating thereof from the gases drawn;

h) using sensing means to detect a full liquid condition within the water separator tank and then halting fluid flow through the fluid flow liens;

i) aerating of the liquid within the water separator tank responsive to the sensing means sensing the full liquid condition with the water separator tank;

j) monitoring the level of contamination in the gases exiting from the water separator tank; and

draining of the water from the water separator tank after the level of contamination monitored therein falls below a predetermined level.

19. A process for removing volatile organic compounds from contaminated vadose soil areas as defined in claim 18 wherein said applying a vacuum to the water separator tank is done at approximately 0.5 to 6.0 inches of mercury.

20. A process for removing volatile organic compounds from contaminated vadose soil areas as defined in claim 18 wherein said filtering includes filtration by activated carbon adsorption.

21. A process for removing volatile organic compounds from contaminated vadose soil areas as defined in claim 18 further including adding of contaminated dry cleaning contact water to the water separator tank.