Stylus sensing system

• US 5,117,071 A
• Filed: 10/31/1990
• Issued: 05/26/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 10/31/1990
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Donaldson, Robert, Gray, Michael, Stein, Frank L., Greanias, Evon C.
• Primary Examiner(s): SCHREYER, STAFFORD
• Application Number:
  US07/608,062
• Time in Patent Office: 573 Days
• Field of Search: 178/18, 178/19, 340/706, 340/709
• US Class Current: 345/178
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2203/04101 2.5D-digitiser, i.e. digitiser detecting the X/Y position of the input means, finger or stylus, also when it does not touch, but is proximate to the digitiser's interaction surface and also measures the distance of the input means within a short range in the Z direction, possibly with a separate measurement setup
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2203/04106 Multi-sensing digitiser, i.e. digitiser using at least two different sensing technologies simultaneously or alternatively, e.g. for detecting pen and finger, for saving power or for improving position detection
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/03545 Pens or stylus
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0441 using active external devices, e.g. active pens, for receiving changes in electrical potential transmitted by the digitiser, e.g. tablet driving signals
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/046 by electromagnetic means

Abstract

An improved finger touch and stylus detection system for use on the surface of a display device is disclosed. An overlay having horizontal and vertical transparent conductors is coupled to the other elements of the system through a bus having a minimum number of bus wires. A control processor issues command signals which selectively couples the transparent conductors to a capacitive measuring device and a radiative measuring device to determine finger and stylus position respectively. The improvements to the system include a radiative stylus having a spherical antenna which receives the overlay signal independent of the angle at which it is held. Further, a contact detecting mode has been added to eliminate spurious stylus positions measured between strokes, when the stylus is proximate to but not in contact with the overlay.

Claims

1. An improved finger touch and stylus detection system having a transparent overlay with a transparent array of horizontal and vertical conductors, the horizontal conductors being spaced from the vertical conductors by an insulating material, a control processor, a capacitive measurement means to detect finger input, a radiative source for stylus detection, a switchable path to couple selected conductors to the capacitive measurement means and the radiative source in response to appropriate commands from the control processor and a stylus wherein:

the control processor is connected to the capacitance measuring means to receive measured capacitance values of the conductors when the switchable path has connected a first pattern of conductors to the capacitance measurement means to detect the location of a finger touch with respect to the overlay;

the control processor is connected to a radiative source measurement means to receive measured radiative signal values of the conductors when the switchable path has connected a second pattern of conductors to the radiative source to detect the vertical and horizontal location of the stylus with respect to the overlay;

the control processor is connected to the radiative source measurement means when the switchable path has connected a third pattern of conductors to the radiative source to detect the height of the stylus with respect to the overlay; and

,

whereby, finger touch location, stylus horizontal and vertical location and stylus height with respect to the overlay can be determined.

2. The improved finger touch and stylus detection system as recited in claim 1 which further comprises:

first compensation means to compensate for the nonlinearities of the measured radiative signal values when the second pattern of conductors is connected to the radiative source to detect the vertical and horizontal location of the stylus with respect to the overlay.

3. The improved finger touch and stylus detection system as recited in claim 1 which further comprises:

second compensation means to compensate for the distance of the stylus from a location on the overlay which produces a strongest radiative signal when the third pattern of conductors is connected to the radiative source to detect the height of the overlay with respect to the overlay.

4. The improved finger touch and stylus detection system as recited in claim 3 which further comprises:

third compensation means to compensate for the nonlinearities of the measured radiative signal values when the third pattern of conductors is connected to the radiative source to detect the height of the overlay with respect to the overlay.

5. The improved finger touch and stylus detection system as recited in claim 4 wherein the third pattern comprises connecting all of the horizontal and vertical conductors to the radiative source to produce the most uniform radiative signal across the overlay.

6. The improved finger touch and stylus detection system as recited in claim 4, wherein the system labels a particular horizontal and vertical stylus location as a contact point if the compensated signal strength exceeds a contact threshold and labels a particular horizontal and vertical stylus location as a proximity point if the compensated signal strength is below the contact threshold.

7. The improved finger touch and stylus detection system as recited in claim 1 wherein the stylus comprises:

a spherical antenna for receiving signals radiated from the horizontal and vertical overlay conductors to maintain the cross sectional area of the antenna which receives the radiated signals independent of the angle of the stylus with respect to the overlay;

an insulating tip cover in which the spherical antenna is embedded having an outer surface substantially concentric with the spherical antenna to maintain the distance of the spherical antenna from the overlay independent of the angle of the stylus with respect to the overlay; and

,

an electrical shield to confine signal sensitivity to the spherical antenna within the stylus, so that the radiated signal value received by the stylus is independent of the angle of the stylus with respect to the overlay.

8. The improved finger touch and stylus detection system as recited in claim 7 wherein the stylus further comprises:

a helical spring to press the spherical antenna in the top cover and to make electrical contact with the spherical antenna; and

,

an insulator to separate the spherical antenna from the electrical shielding.

9. An improved finger touch and stylus detection system having a transparent overlay with a transparent array of horizontal and vertical conductors, the horizontal conductors being spaced from the vertical conductors by an insulating material, a control processor, a capacitive measurement means to detect finger input, a radiative source for stylus detection, a switchable path to couple selected conductors to the capacitive measurement means and the radiative source in response to appropriate commands from the control processor and a stylus, the stylus comprising:

a spherical antenna for receiving signals radiated from the horizontal and vertical overlay conductors to maintain the cross sectional area of the antenna which receives the radiated signals independent of the angle of the stylus with respect to the overlay;

an insulating tip cover in which the spherical antenna is embedded having an outer surface substantially concentric with the spherical antenna to maintain the distance of the spherical antenna from the overlay independent of the angle of the stylus with respect to the overlay; and

,

an electrical shield to confine signal sensitivity to the spherical antenna within the stylus, so that the radiated signal value received by the stylus is independent of the angle of the stylus with respect to the overlay.

10. The improved finger touch and stylus detection system as recited in claim 9 wherein the stylus further comprises:

a helical spring to press the spherical antenna in the tip cover and to make electrical contract with the spherical antenna; and

,

an insulator to separate the spherical antenna from the electrical shielding.

11. An improved method for finger touch and stylus detection in a transparent overlay having a transparent array of horizontal and vertical conductors, the horizontal conductors being spaced from the vertical conductors by an insulating material, a control processor, a capacitive measurement means to detect finger input, a radiative source for stylus detection and a means for selecting and coupling conductors to the capacitive measurement means and the radiative source and a stylus to receive signals radiated by the overlay comprising the steps of:

determining whether a sense mode exclusion threshold has been exceeded by a radiative signal value received by the stylus;

locating a general position of the stylus with respect to the overlay, by selecting a horizontal and a vertical conductor pair from which the stylus receives the highest strength signals, if said sense mode has been exceeded;

determining whether the stylus is within a predetermined height above the overlay;

accurately tracking a precise position of the stylus, if the general position of the stylus has been located, and if the stylus is determined to be within the predetermined height above the overlay;

repeating the tracking step as long as the stylus is within the predetermined height above the overlay;

locating a general position of a finger touch, if said sense mode exclusion threshold has not been exceeded; and

,

locating a more precise position of the finger touch, if the general position of the finger touch as been located.

12. The improved method for finger touch and stylus detection as recited in claim 11 wherein:

the general position of the stylus is determined by successively coupling each of the vertical and horizontal conductors to the radiative source;

the precise position of the stylus is tracked by coupling a second pattern of conductors to the radiative source; and

,

the height of the stylus is determined by coupling a third pattern of conductors to the radiative source.

13. The improved method for finger touch and stylus detection as recited in claim 12 which further comprises the step of compensating for the nonlinearities of the measured radiative signal value when the second pattern is coupled to the radiative source.

14. The improved method for finger touch and stylus detection as recited in claim 12 which further comprises the step of compensating for the distance of the stylus from a location on the overlay which produces a strongest radiative signal when the third pattern is coupled to the radiative source.

15. The improved method for finger touch and stylus detection as recited in claim 12 which further comprises the step of compensating for the nonlinearities of the measured radiative signal values when the third pattern is coupled to the radiative source.

16. The improved method for finger touch and stylus detection as recited in claim 12 wherein the stylus comprises:

a spherical antenna for receiving signals radiated from the horizontal and vertical overlay conductors to maintain the cross sectional area of the antenna which receives the radiated signals independent of the angle of the stylus with respect to the overlay;

an insulating tip cover in which the spherical antenna is embedded having an outer surface substantially concentric with the spherical antenna to maintain the distance of the spherical antenna from the overlay independent of the angle of the stylus with respect to the overlay; and

an electrical shield to confine signal sensitivity to the spherical antenna within the stylus, so that the radiated signal value received by the stylus is independent of the angle of the stylus with respect to the overlay.