Eye contact apparatus for video conferencing

• US 5,117,285 A
• Filed: 01/15/1991
• Issued: 05/26/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 01/15/1991
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Regents of the University of California (University of California)
• Original Assignee: Bell Communications Research, Inc. (Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson)
• Inventors: Smoot, Lanny S., Nelson, Terence J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Groody, James J.
• Assistant Examiner(s): HSIA, SHERRIE Y
• Application Number:
  US07/641,185
• Time in Patent Office: 497 Days
• Field of Search: 358/85, 358/93, 358/88, 358/230-234, 358/236, 358/108, 358/225, 379/52, 379/54, 353/20, 350/370
• US Class Current: 348/14.16
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 7/144 camera and display on the same optical axis, e.g. optically multiplexing the camera and display for eye to eye contact

Abstract

Apparatus to establish eye contact between communicating parties during video conferencing comprises mirrors, polarizers and a camera which are positioned with respect to one another in a special, well-defined manner such that the apparatus protrudes a minimal distance from the terminal screen. Internal to this apparatus, a first polarizer located directly in front of the terminal screen passes a polarization of the image of the distant party radiated from the terminal screen. A first mirror, which is partially silvered, reflects the image of the local party and transmits the image of the distant party that is radiated from the terminal screen and passed by the first polarizer. The reflected image of the local party is directed toward a second mirror located below the first mirror. The second mirror is positioned to capture the image of the local party from the first mirror and to reflect this image into a miniature camera. A second polarizer is located between the second mirror and the camera and cross-polarized with the first polarizer to minimize extraneous light from the terminal screen entering the camera.

Claims

1. An apparatus for establishing eye contact between a local party viewing a terminal screen and the image of a distant party on the terminal screen, said apparatus comprising the elements of:

a first polarizer located in front of the terminal screen which passes a polarization of the image of the distant party radiated from the terminal screen,

a first mirror, which is partially silvered, and which reflects the image of the local party and transmits the image of the distant party radiated from the terminal screen and passed by said first polarizer, said first mirror being angled substantially less than 45 degrees to the terminal screen, and

a camera module located below said first mirror and positioned in front of and horizontally aligned with the terminal screen to capture the image of the local party reflected from said first mirror and to minimize extraneous light radiated from ambient sources and from the terminal screen for optimal contrast, said camera module comprising

capturing and encoding means which captures the image of the local party reflected from said first mirror and encodes the image of the local party for transmission to another terminal viewed by the distant party, and

a second polarizer which is cross-polarized with said first polarizer and located in front of said capturing and encoding means,

wherein said elements of said apparatus are positioned and angled with respect to each other such that said apparatus is compact, the protrusion of said apparatus from the terminal screen is minimized, and intimate communication between the distant party and the local party is achieved.

2. The apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein said capturing and encoding means of said camera module comprises a second mirror positioned such that said second mirror captures the image of the local party reflected from said first mirror, and a camera which encodes the image of the local party reflected from said second mirror for transmission to another terminal viewed by the distant party.

3. The apparatus in accordance with claim 2, wherein said second mirror is fully silvered and corrects said image of the local party that is transposed upon reflection by said first mirror thereby allowing eye contact to be maintained and the movement of the local party to be properly projected and oriented on a distant terminal screen viewed by the distant party.

4. The apparatus in accordance with claim 3, wherein said second mirror is positioned to reflect the image of the local party into said camera, and wherein said camera module is positioned horizontally in front of and below the terminal screen such that the view of the terminal screen is unobscured by said camera.

5. The apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein elements of said apparatus are mounted in a hood for preventing ambient light from falling on the terminal screen, for minimizing reflections, and for mounting said apparatus on the terminal screen.

6. The apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein said second polarizer is rotatable to optimize contrast between said reflected image of local party and said extraneous light.

7. An apparatus used to create eye contact between a local party and the image of a distant party appearing on a terminal screen during video-conferencing, said apparatus comprising the elements of:

a first polarizer located in front of the terminal screen,

a first mirror which is partially silvered and angled substantially less than 45 degrees to the terminal screen such that the protrusion of said apparatus from the terminal screen is minimized, and

a camera module positioned in front of and horizontally aligned with the terminal screen to capture the image of the local party reflected from said first mirror, said camera module comprising

a second mirror positioned with respect to said first mirror to capture the image of the local party reflected from said first mirror,

a camera which is positioned approximately 45 degrees to said second mirror and is focused on said second mirror to receive the image of the local party for transmission to a distant terminal viewed by the distant party, and

a second polarizer which is cross-polarized with said first polarizer and located between said second mirror and said camera,

wherein said camera module is constructed and positioned such that the protrusion of said apparatus from the terminal screen is minimized, said elements of said apparatus are positioned and angled with respect to each other such that said apparatus is compact and mountable on the terminal screen, the protrusion of said apparatus from the terminal screen is minimized, and intimate communication between the distant party and the local party is achieved.

8. The apparatus in accordance with claim 7 wherein said first mirror is angled at approximately 30 degrees to the terminal screen such that protrusion of said apparatus from the terminal screen is minimized.

9. The apparatus in accordance with claim 7, wherein said camera module and the top of said first mirror are substantially equal distance from the terminal screen such that the protrusion of said apparatus from the terminal screen is minimized while maintaining the image of the local party in said camera'"'"'s field of view.

10. In combination, first and second apparatus, respectively, on first and second terminal screens used to create eye contact between two parties, wherein one party views one terminal screen and another party views the other terminal screen during video-conferencing, each of said apparatus comprising the elements of:

a first polarizer located in front of the terminal screen viewed by one party and which passes a polarization of the image of another party radiated from the terminal screen,

a first mirror which is partially silvered and which reflects the image of one party, and transmits the image of another party which is radiated from the terminal screen and passed by said first polarizer, said first mirror being angled substantially less than 45 degrees to the terminal screen, and

a camera module located below said first mirror and positioned in front of and horizontally aligned with the terminal screen to capture the image of one party reflected from said first mirror and to minimize extraneous light radiated from the image of said other party for optimal contrast, said camera module comprising

a second mirror positioned such that said second mirror captures the image of one party reflected from said first mirror,

a camera which focuses on said second mirror and receives the image of one party for transmission to another terminal viewed by another party, and

a second polarizer which is cross-polarized with said first polarizer and located between said second mirror and said camera,

wherein said elements of said apparatus are positioned and angled with respect to each other such that said apparatus is compact and mountable on the terminal screen, the protrusion of said apparatus from the terminal screen is minimized, and intimate communication between the distant party and the local party is achieved.

11. The combination in accordance with claim 10 further comprising a switch connected to at least one of said first and second apparatus so that the signal output from said one apparatus camera module can be re-routed to said one apparatus terminal screen, thereby allowing the image of one party to appear on said one apparatus terminal screen to facilitate self-adjustment.

12. An apparatus used to establish eye contact between a local party and the image of a distant party appearing on a terminal screen during video-conferencing, said apparatus comprising the elements of:

a first polarizer located in front of the terminal screen which passes a polarization of the image of the distant party radiated from the terminal screen,

a first mirror which is partially silvered that reflects the image of the local party and transmits the image of the distant party radiated from the terminal screen and passed by said first polarizer, said first mirror being angled at approximately 30 degrees to the terminal screen such that the protrusion of said apparatus from the terminal screen is minimized, and

a camera module positioned in front of and horizontally aligned with the terminal screen, to capture the image of the local party reflected from said first mirror, said camera module comprising

a second mirror which corrects the image of the local party which is transposed upon reflection by said first mirror, said second mirror being positioned with respect to said first mirror to capture the image of the local party reflected from said first mirror,

a camera which is positioned approximately 45 degrees to said second mirror and is focused on said second mirror to receive the image of the local party for transmission to another terminal viewed by the distant party, and

a second polarizer which is cross-polarized with said first polarizer and located between said second mirror and said camera,

wherein said camera module and the top of said first mirror are substantially equal distance from the terminal screen, said elements of said apparatus are positioned and angled with respect to each other such that said apparatus is compact and mountable on the terminal screen, and intimate communication between the distant party and the local party is achieved without alteration to the terminal screen.