Retroreflective articles having light-transmissive surfaces

• US 5,122,902 A
• Filed: 03/31/1989
• Issued: 06/16/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 03/31/1989
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: 3M Company
• Original Assignee: 3M Company
• Inventors: Benson, Gerald M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Ben, Loha
• Application Number:
  US07/331,689
• Time in Patent Office: 1,173 Days
• Field of Search: 350/102, 350/103, 350/109, 350/286, 350/105, 362/29, 40/205, 40/208, 40/564
• US Class Current: 359/529
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 5/124 plural reflecting elements forming part of a unitary plate or sheet

Abstract

Retroreflective elements, such as cube-corner elements or right triangular prisms containing cube-corners, are arranged on articles to define separation surfaces between the elements; in another embodiment, the elements are truncated cube-corners incorporating similar surfaces on the elements themselves. If the surfaces are transparent they will transmit light through the article, rendering it partially transparent and partially retroreflective. The surfaces may be flat or curved. Standard grooving techniques may be employed to construct the elements, using mold cutting tools having flattened or curved tips instead of V-shaped tips; alternatively, electroformed molds may be lapped to include the shape required to produce surfaces. The elements and surfaces may be embodied in sheeting materials or internally illuminated signs.

Claims

1. A partially transparent retroreflective article formed by three intersecting sets of parallel grooves, comprising a base, prismatic elements having lateral faces intersecting the base at base edges of a base edge length, and separation surfaces on the base, in which:

(a) each set of grooves has a groove side angle that is constant for that set;

(b) the separation surfaces

are transparent,

are bounded by the base edges of the lateral faces of the prismatic elements,

lie between the prismatic elements in at least one of the grooves,

have, taken at any point along any groove in which they lay, curved cross sections taken across that groove; and

(c) the separation surfaces have ratios of base edge length to separation surface width, as measured at any point along any groove, which do not exceed 24.7.

2. The article of claim 1, in which the base edges of the lateral faces of the elements form substantially isosceles triangles.

3. The article of claim 2, in which the base edges of the lateral faces of the elements form triangles having included angles of substantially 65 degrees, 65 degrees, and 50 degrees.

4. The article of claim 2, in which the prismatic elements are rotated 180°

with respect to one another, the lateral faces of each element are mutually perpendicular and defined at their bases by linear base edges that lie in a common plane, and an optical axis of each element of a pair of elements is tilted towards one edge of that element.

5. The article of claim 1, in which the base edges of the lateral faces of the elements form substantially equilateral triangles.

6. The article of claim 1, in which a lateral face of at least one prismatic element is specularly reflective.

7. A polymeric sheet material having on one large area side an array of prismatic elements and separation surfaces as defined in claim 1.

8. An internally illuminated sign comprising an enclosure transmissive to light on at least one side, designated the front side, and the retroreflective sheet of claim 7 positioned to reflect light incident on the front of the sign.

9. A partially transparent retroreflective article formed by three intersecting sets of parallel grooves, comprising a base, prismatic elements having lateral faces intersecting the base at base edges of a base edge length, and separation surfaces on the base, in which:

(a) each set of grooves has a groove side angle that is constant for that set;

(b) the separation surfaces

are transparent,

are bounded by the base edges of the lateral faces of the prismatic elements,

lie between the prismatic elements in at least one of the grooves,

have, taken at any point along any groove in which they lay, flat cross sections taken across that groove; and

(c) the separation surfaces have ratios of base edge length to separation surface width, as measured at any point along any groove at which the cross section is flat, which do not exceed 24.7.

10. The article of claim 9, in which the separation surfaces are at least 0.0051 mm in width at any point along any groove at which the cross section is flat.

11. The article of claim 9, in which the base edges of the lateral faces of the elements form substantially isosceles triangles.

12. The article of claim 11, in which the base edges of the lateral faces of the elements form triangles having included angles of substantially 65 degrees, 65 degrees, and 50 degrees.

13. The article of claim 9, in which the base edges of the lateral faces of the elements form substantially equilateral triangles.

14. The article of claim 9, in which a lateral face of at least one prismatic element is specularly reflective.

15. A polymeric sheet material having on one large area side an array of prismatic elements and separation surfaces as defined in claim 9.

16. An internally illuminated sign comprising an enclosure transmissive to light on at least one side, designated the front side, and the retroreflective sheet of claim 15 positioned to reflect light incident on the front of the sign.