Pulse combustor with controllable oscillations

• US 5,123,835 A
• Filed: 03/04/1991
• Issued: 06/23/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 03/04/1991
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: The United States of America As Represented By The Secretary of Agriculture
• Original Assignee: United States Department of Energy
• Inventors: Morris, Gary J., Welter, Michael J., Richards, George A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Yeung, James C.
• Application Number:
  US07/663,348
• Time in Patent Office: 477 Days
• Field of Search: 431/1, 431/160, 431/347, 122/24, 60/39.76, 60/39.77, 60/39.8
• US Class Current: 431/1
• CPC Class Codes: F23C 15/00 Apparatus in which combustion takes place in pulses influenced by acoustic resonance in a gas mass for generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity F23R7/00; starting devices F23D11/42

Abstract

A pulse combustor having thermally induced pulse combustion in a continuously flowing system is described. The pulse combustor is fitted with at lease one elongated ceramic body which significantly increases the heat transfer area in the combustion chamber of the combustor. The ceramic body or bodies possess sufficient mass and heat capacity to ignite the fuel-air charge once the ceramic body or bodies are heated by conventional spark plug initiated combustion so as to provide repetitive ignition and combustion of sequentially introduced fuel-air charges without the assistance of the spark plug and the rapid quenching of the flame after each ignition in a controlled manner so as to provide a selective control over the oscillation frequency and amplitude. Additional control over the heat transfer in the combustion chamber is provided by employing heat exchange mechanisms for selectively heating or cooling the elongated ceramic body or bodies and/or the walls of the combustion chamber.

Claims

1. A pulse combustor for providing oscillating pulses of combustion gases at selected frequencies and amplitudes, comprising in combination longitudinally extending housing means having side walls and opposite end wall portions defining a combustion chamber therein, discharge means coupled to one end wall portion of said housing means and disposed in registry with the combustion chamber through an opening in said one end wall portion, fuel inlet means and air inlet means coupled to said housing means and in registry with said combustion chamber for cyclicly charging said combustion chamber with charges of fuel and air at preselected equivalence ratios and flow times, ignition means carried by said housing means for sequentially igniting the cyclic charges of fuel and air for providing oscillating uses of combustion gasses through said discharge means, and at least one elongated ceramic body catileveredly supported by the end wall portion of the combustion chamber opposite to said discharge means and extending into said combustion chamber for substantially increasing the heatable surface area of said combustion chamber and with said at least one ceramic body being of a sufficient mass and possessing sufficient heat capacity to serially effect upon sufficient heating thereof by the cyclic combustion of said mixture the ignition of subsequent sequential charges of fuel and air and then the absorption of sufficient heat from the flame provided by the combustion of each charge of fuel and air to extinguish the flame at a rate adequate to provide oscillating pulses of combustion gases through said discharge means at a substantially preselected amplitude and frequency.

2. A pulse combustor as claimed in claim 1, wherein said at least one elongated ceramic body is formed of alumina, fused silica, mullite, or zirconia.

3. A pulse combustor as claimed in claim 1, wherein said at least one elongated ceramic body is provided by a single ceramic body centrally located within said combustion chamber and coaxial with the longitudinally extending housing means.

4. A pulse combustor as claimed in claim 1, wherein said at least one elongated ceramic body is provided by a plurality of coaxially extending ceramic bodies.

5. A pulse combustor as claimed in claim 1, wherein heat exchange means are coupled to said at least one elongated ceramic body for the selective heating or cooling thereof.

6. A pulse combustor as claimed in claim 1, wherein heat exchange means are in contact with said side walls of said housing means for selectively cooling or heating said side walls.

7. A pulse combustor as claimed in claim 6, wherein said heat exchange means comprises jacket means disposed about said side walls for defining an annular chamber, and wherein inlet and outlet means are in registry with the annular chamber for admitting and discharging therefrom a heat exchange medium for cooling or heating said side walls.

8. A pulse combustor as claimed in claim 1, where the end wall portion opposite said one end wall portion contacts said side walls portions to enclose the combustion chamber at an end thereof opposite to said discharge means, wherein the fuel and air inlet means are in registry with said side walls at a location in the combustion chamber adjacent to the enclosed end of the combustion chamber, wherein said ignition means comprises spark plug means disposed in said side walls at a location intermediate the fuel and air inlet means and said discharge means, wherein the discharge means is a tail pipe, and wherein said at least one elongated ceramic body extends through substantially the length of said combustion chamber along a plane parallel with the longitudinal axis of said housing means.

9. A pulse combustor as claimed in claim 8, wherein jacket means are spatially positioned about said side walls for defining an annular chamber, wherein inlet means and outlet means are in registry with the annular chamber, and wherein means are in registry with said inlet means for conveying heat exchange medium into said annular chamber for cooling or heating said side walls.