Apparatus for coupling a multiple emitter laser diode to a multimode optical fiber

• US 5,127,068 A
• Filed: 11/16/1990
• Issued: 06/30/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 11/16/1990
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Spectra-Physics Incorporated (MKS Instruments Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Spectra-Physics Incorporated (MKS Instruments Incorporated)
• Inventors: Baer, Thomas M., Keirstead, Mark S.
• Primary Examiner(s): Lee, John D.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Wise, Robert E.
• Application Number:
  US07/614,437
• Time in Patent Office: 592 Days
• Field of Search: 385/34, 385/119, 372/108
• US Class Current: 385/34
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/4206 Optical features G02B6/4207, G02B6/421 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/425 Optical features semiconductor laser arrays H01S5/40; hybrid LED arrays H01L25/0753; monolithic LED arrays H01L27/153
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/094053 Fibre coupled pump, e.g. delivering pump light using a fibre or a fibre bundle
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/0941 of a laser diode
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/4012 Beam combining, e.g. by the use of fibres, gratings, polarisers, prisms
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/4025 Array arrangements, e.g. constituted by discrete laser diodes or laser bar H01S5/42 takes precedence

Abstract

A small diameter multimode optical fiber with a low numerical aperture (i.e., 0.1) is used as a microlens to collimate the output emissions of a laser diode before butt coupling the output of the laser diode to an optical fiber. The optical fiber used as the microlens is chosen such that its diameter roughly equals the diameter of the fiber to be coupled to the laser diode. The collimation is performed in the high NA direction of the output of the laser diode. The output of a bundle of butt coupled optical fibers may be used to pump a laser system.

Claims

1. In combination:

a laser diode bar having a plurality of emitter regions having output facets,

a microlens comprising an optical fiber having an axis oriented substantially perpendicular to and positioned in the emission path of radiation from said emitter regions to be optically coupled thereto and spaced therefrom by a distance of approximately one focal length of said microlens,

a plurality of optical fibers equal to the number of emitter regions of said laser diode bar, and oriented on axis with respect to said microlens such that radiation from said individual ones of said emitter regions is optically coupled into individual ones of said plurality of optical fibers.

2. The combination of claim 1 wherein said microlens is substantially cylindrical in cross section and has a diameter chosen to be about 20% to 50% larger than the lateral dimension of said emitter regions.

3. The combination of claim 2 wherein the diameter of each one of said plurality of optical fibers is chosen to be about equal to the diameter of said cylindrical microlens.

4. The combination of claim 2 wherein said cylindrical microlens has an antireflective coating.

5. The combination of claim 1 wherein said microlens has a cross sectional shape selected to correct a selected spherical aberration and with an effective aperture approximately the same size as each one of said said plurality of optical fibers, said microlens placed approximately one focal length from said output facets of said emitters on said laser diode bar.

6. The combination of claim 1 wherein the numerical aperture of said plurality of optical fibers is chosen to be about equal to the numerical aperture in the low numerical aperture direction of said emitter regions.

7. The combination of claim 6, wherein the numerical aperture of each one of said optical fibers is chosen to be between about 01 to 0.2.

8. The combination of claim 1 wherein said microlens is an optical fiber.

9. The combination of claim 1, further including a focussing lens at the far end of said plurality of optical fibers.

10. In combination:

a laser diode bar having a plurality of emitter regions,

a cylindrical microlens comprising an optical fiber positioned in the emission path of radiation from said emitter regions and spaced therefrom by a distance approximately equal to where R is the radius of and n is the index of refraction of said microlens,

a plurality of optical fibers equal to the number of emitter regions of said laser diode bar, and oriented with respect to said microlens such that radiation from said individual ones of said emitter regions is optically coupled into individual ones of said plurality of optical fibers.

11. The combination of claim 10 wherein said microlens is substantially cylindrical in cross section and has a diameter chosen to be about 20% to 50% larger than the lateral dimension of said emitter regions.

12. The combination of claim 10 wherein said microlens has a cross sectional shape selected to correct a selected spherical aberration and has an effective diameter approximately equal to the diameters of each of said plurality of optical fibers to be coupled.

13. The combination of claim 10 wherein the diameter of each of said optical fibers to be coupled is chosen to be about equal to the diameter of said cylindrical microlens.

14. The combination of claim 13, wherein the numerical aperture of each of said plurality of optical fibers is chosen to be between about 0.1 to 0.2

15. The combination of claim 10 wherein the numerical aperture of said optical fibers is chosen to be about equal to the numerical aperture in the low numerical aperture direction of said emitter regions.

16. The combination of claim 10 wherein said optical fibers are rectangular in cross section and have a width chosen to be slightly larger than the emitting area of said emitter regions and have a length of between about 30 to 50 microns.

17. The combination of claim 10 wherein said microlens has an antireflective coating.

18. The combination of claim 10 further including a focussing lens at the far end of said plurality of optical fibers.

19. A diode pumped laser system, including:

cavity forming means, including an active laser medium,

a laser diode bar having a plurality of emitter regions,

a microlens comprising an optical fiber having an axis oriented substantially perpendicular to and positioned in the emission path of radiation from said emitter regions to be optically coupled thereto and spaced therefrom by a distance of approximately one focal length of said microlens,

a plurality of optical fibers equal to the number of emitter regions of said laser diode bar each of said plurality of optical fibers having a first end and a second end, each of said first ends oriented on axis with respect to said microlens such that radiation from said individual ones of said emitter regions is optically coupled into individual ones of said plurality of optical fibers, said second ends of each of said plurality of optical fibers arranged in a bundle,

means for optically coupling radiation from said bundle into said laser cavity.

20. A diode pumped laser system, including:

cavity forming means, including an active laser medium,

a laser diode bar having a plurality of emitter regions,

a microlens comprising an optical fiber having an axis oriented substantially perpendicular to and positioned in the emission path of radiation from said emitter regions to be optically coupled thereto and spaced therefrom by a distance of approximately one focal length of said microlens,

a plurality of optical fibers equal to the number of emitter regions of said laser diode bar each of said optical fibers having a first end and a second end, each of said first ends oriented on axis with respect to said microlens such that radiation from said individual ones of said emitter regions is optically coupled into individual ones of said plurality of optical fibers, said second ends of each of said plurality of optical fibers arranged in a bundle,

means for optically coupling radiation from said bundle into one end of said laser cavity.

21. A diode pumped laser system, including:

a bar of active solid state laser material disposed in a laser cavity having opposing ends, one face of said bar forming a first one of said opposing ends,

a laser diode bar having a plurality of emitter regions,

a microlens comprising an optical fiber having an axis oriented substantially perpendicular to and positioned in the emission path of radiation from said emitter regions to be optically coupled thereto and spaced therefrom by a distance of approximately one focal length of said microlens,

a plurality of optical fibers equal to the number of emitter regions of said laser diode bar each one of said plurality of optical fibers having a first end and a second end, each of said first ends oriented on axis with respect to said microlens such that radiation from said individual ones of said emitter regions is optically coupled into individual ones of said plurality of optical fibers, said second ends of each of said optical fibers arranged in a bundle,

means for optically coupling radiation from said bundle into said first end of said laser cavity.

22. A method of coupling the output of a laser diode emitter region into the end of an optical fiber including the steps of:

optically coupling the output radiation of said laser diode emitter region into a microlens comprising an optical fiber, said microlens spaced from said laser diode by about ##EQU2## where R is the radius of and n is the index of refraction of said microlens, said microlens having a diameter about 20% to 50% larger than the lateral dimension of said emitter region,

optically coupling the output radiation of said microlens into the end of an optical fiber, said optical fiber having a diameter about equal to the diameter of said microlens, said end of said optical fiber spaced as close as possible to said microlens, said optical fiber having a numerical aperture about equal to the numerical aperture of said emitter region of said laser diode in its low direction.

23. A method of coupling the output of the emitter regions of a plurality of laser diodes into a fiber optic bundle including the steps of:

optically coupling the output radiation of said each of said emitter regions into a different region of a microlens comprising an optical fiber, said microlens spaced from each of said emitter regions by a distance of about where R is the radius of and n is the index of refraction of said microlens, said microlens having a diameter about 20% to 50% larger than the lateral dimensions of said emitter regions,

separately optically coupling the output radiation of said microlens corresponding to the output of each of said emitter regions into the ends of different ones of a plurality of optical fibers, each of said optical fibers having a diameter about equal to the diameter of said microlens, the ends of said optical fibers spaced as closely as possible to said microlens, said optical fibers having a numerical aperture about equal to the numerical aperture of said emitter regions of said laser diode in its low direction.

24. The method of claim 23 including the further step of optically coupling a focussing lens to the far end of a plurality of said optical fibers arranged as a bundle of optical fibers.

25. In combination:

a laser diode having an emitter region having an output facet,

a microlens comprising an optical fiber oriented substantially perpendicular to and positioned in the emission path of radiation from said emitter region to be optically coupled thereto and spaced therefrom by a distance of approximately one focal length of said microlens,

an optical fiber oriented on axis with respect to said microlens such that radiation from said emitter region is optically coupled into said optical fiber.

26. The combination of claim 25 wherein said microlens is substantially cylindrical in cross section and has a diameter chosen to be about 20% to 50% larger than the lateral dimension of said emitter region of said laser diode.

27. The combination of claim 26 wherein the diameter of said optical fiber is chosen to be about equal to the diameter of said cylindrical microlens.

28. The combination of claim 26 wherein said cylindrical mocrolens has an antireflective coating.

29. The combination of claim 25 wherein said microlens has a cross sectional shape selected to correct a selected spherical aberration and with an effective aperture approximately the same size as said optical fiber, said microlens placed approximately one focal length from said output facet of said laser diode.

30. The combination of claim 25 wherein the numerical aperture of said optical fiber is chosen to be about equal to the numerical aperture in the low numerical aperture direction of said laser diode.

31. The combination of claim 30, wherein the numerical aperture of said optical fibers is chosen to be between about 0.1 to 0.2.

32. The combination of claim 25 wherein said microlens is an optical fiber.

33. The combination of claim 25, further including a focussing lens at the far end of said optical fiber.

34. In combination:

a laser diode having an emitter region,

a cylindrical microlens comprising an optical fiber positioned in the emission path of radiation from said emitter region and spaced therefrom by a distance approximately equal to where R is the radius of and n is the index of refraction of said microlens,

an optical fiber oriented on axis with respect to said microlens such that radiation from said emitter region is optically coupled into said fiber.

35. The combination of claim 34 wherein said microlens is substantially cylindrical in cross section and has a diameter chosen to be about 20% to 50% larger than the lateral dimension of said emitter region.

36. The combination of claim 34 wherein said microlens has a cross sectional shape selected to correct a selected spherical aberration and has an effective diameter approximately equal to the diameter of the optical fiber to be coupled.

37. The combination of claim 34 wherein the diameter of said optical fiber is chosen to be about equal to the diameter of said cylindrical microlens.

38. The combination of claim 37, wherein the numerical aperture of said optical fiber is chosen to be between about 0.1 to 0.2.

39. The combination of claim 34 wherein the numerical aperture of said optical fiber is chosen to be about equal to the numerical aperture in the low numerical aperture direction of the diode.

40. The combination of claim 34 wherein said optical fiber is rectangular in cross section, said cross section having a width chosen to be slightly larger than the emitting area of said emitter region and a length of between about 30 to 50 microns.

41. The combination of claim 34 wherein said microlens has an antireflective coating.

42. The combination of claim 34 further including a focussing lens at the far end of said optical fiber.