Device and method for the continuous measurement of the ammonia concentration in gases in the ppm range

• US 5,131,260 A
• Filed: 03/29/1991
• Issued: 07/21/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 03/31/1990
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Degussa AG (Rag-Stiftung)
• Original Assignee: Degussa AG (Rag-Stiftung)
• Inventors: Honen, Wolfgang, Engler, Bernd, Brand, Reinhold, Koberstein, Edgar
• Primary Examiner(s): Williams, Hezron E.
• Assistant Examiner(s): BROCK, MICHAEL J
• Application Number:
  US07/676,707
• Time in Patent Office: 480 Days
• Field of Search: 73/23.35, 73/23.39, 73/23.4, 73/23.41, 73/23.42, 73/31.05, 73/25.03, 73/23.2, 73/31.07, 55/67, 55/80, 55/386, 55/191, 55/70, 55/81, 55/84, 55/85, 55/257.1, 55/389, 55/90, 55/91, 55/95, 55/244
• US Class Current: 73/23.2
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 1/2258 in a stack or chimney
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 1/405 by adsorption or absorption
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2001/2217 using a liquid
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2001/2282 with cooling means
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2001/4033 sample concentrated on a cold spot, e.g. condensation or distillation
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/0054 for ammonia
• CPC Class Codes: Y02A 50/20 Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

Abstract

A device for the continuous measurement of the ammonia concentration in gases in the ppm range includes a columnar absorption vessel (1) with a hemispherical bottom (4). The bottom of the column includes an overflow (3) and an outlet (5). The gas introduction pipe (7,8) empties above the bottom (4) and below a sieve bottom (6) arranged in the column (1). A packing material (10) rests on the sieve bottom (6), which packing (10) essentially fills the absorption column (1). A cooling part (11) extends from the absorption column (1). The cooling part (11) includes a cooling zone (15) and a gas collection space (16) above it with a closable connection piece (13). A pipe (14), which may include a serrated crown on each end, runs from the gas collecting space (16) downward in a cooled manner to the packing 10. The liquid absorption agent is introduced through a lateral connection piece (18) into the gas collection space (16). For the measurement of ammonia concentration, a certain volume flow of the gas to be measured is washed in a countercurrent flow with the absorption agent, and the NH₃ content is determined in a part of the ammonia containing absorption agent. The volume flow rate of the absorption agent and of the gas from which NH₃ has been removed is measured (the latter being dried), and the ammonia concentration is thereby calculated.

Claims

1. A device for the continuous measurement of the ammonia concentration in gases, comprising:

a columnar absorption vessel with an outlet piece located at a bottom of said absorption vessel;

an overflow pipe located laterally above the bottom of said absorption vessel;

an infeed pipe for admitting a gas to be measured into the absorption vessel above the bottom;

a sieve bottom fastened in the vessel above the infeed pipe;

said infeed pipe including a rinse line;

said column definding an area for receiving a packing material, the area located above the sieve bottom and essentially occupies the entire absorption vessel;

a cooling part which extends from the absorption vessel, said cooling part including a cooling zone, and a gas collection chamber located over said cooling zone;

a connection piece for the supplying a liquid absorption agent into said gas collection chamber;

an inner pipe which runs through said cooling zone and extends into the gas collection chamber, said inner pipe being tightly connected to a jacket of the cooling part.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the absorption vessel and the cooling part are designed as separate, individual pieces which are connectable to each other.

3. The device according to claim 2, wherein the absorption vessel and the cooling part are connectable via ground-glass joints.

4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the bottom of the absorption vessel is in the shape of a hemisphere, wherein the outlet piece extends from the bottom of the hemisphere.

5. The device according to claim 1, wherein the infeed pipe is located between the bottom of the absortion vessel and the sieve bottom.

6. The device according to claim 5, wherein the infeed pipe is L-shaped.

7. The device according to claim 6, wherein the infeed pipe introduces the gas to be analyzed in a central portion of the absorption column, with respect to the cross section of the absorption column.

8. The device according to claim 1, wherein a closable suction piece extends from the gas collection chamber.

9. The device according to claim 8, wherein said suction piece is closable by means of a stopcock.

10. The device according to claim 1, wherein said inner pipe includes a serrated crown on at least one of its ends.

11. The device according to claim 1, wherein said inner pipe has a serrated crown on each of its ends.

12. The device according to claim 1, wherein said inner pipe is tightly connected to said cooling part below said cooling zone.

13. The device according to claim 1, wherein said area is filled with a packing material.

14. A device for the continuous measurement of the ammonia concentration in gases, comprising:

a columnar absorption vessel having a hemispherical shaped bottom;

an outlet piece located at the bottom;

an overflow pipe located laterally above the bottom;

an infeed pipe for admitting a gas to be measured into the absorption vessel above the bottom and below a sieve bottom fastened in the absorption vessel;

said infeed pipe being L-shaped and centrally located in the vessel and said infeed pipe further including a rinse line;

said column definding an area for receiving a packing material, the area located above the sieve bottom and essentially occupies the entire absorption vessel;

a cooling part which extends from the absorption vessel, said cooling part including a cooling zone, and a gas collection chamber located over said cooling zone;

a closable suction piece extending from said gas collection chamber;

a connection piece for supplying a liquid absorption agent into said gas collection chamber;

an inner pipe which includes a serrated crown on at least one of its ends, said inner pipe extending through the cooling zone, with one end extending into the gas collection chamber and the other end being tightly connected to a jacket of the cooling part below the cooling zone.

15. A method for the continuous measurement of the ammonia concentration in gases, comprising:

contacting a volume flow of a gas to be measurement with a countercurrent flow of a liquid absorption agent;

quantitatively measuring the ammonia concentration of at least a part of the absorption agent in an ammonia analyzer, after it has contacted the gas to be measured;

measuring the volume flow rate of the absorption agent;

measuring the volume flow rate of the gas freed of ammonia; and

calculating the NH₃ concentration according to the formula;

##EQU3## in which;

C_NH3^G =concentration of NH₃ in the gas (ppm relative to dry);

C_NH3^L =concentration of NH₃ in the absorption solution (g/dm³);

V_Abs =volume flow of the flowing absorption solution (dm³ /h);

V_G =volume flow of the gas to be analyzed, drawn by suction through the absorption vessel (dm³ /h in a normal state relative to dry);

V_M,NH3 =molar volume of gaseous ammonia state (dm³ /mole in a normal state); and

M_NH3 =molar mass of ammonia (g/mole).

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the gas freed of ammonia is dried prior to measuring its volume flow rate.

17. The method according to claim 15, wherein the gas to be measured is taken from a flue-gas conduit.

18. The method according to claim 15, wherein the ammonia concentration is quantitatively measured by diffusing the gas through a membrane and subsequently using a conductometric determination of the ammonia content.

19. The method according to claim 15, wherein the ammonia concentration is meaured in the parts per million range.

20. The method according to claim 15, wherein the ammonia containing gas is admitted at a bottom portion of an absorption column and the liquid absorption agent is admitted at a top portion of the absorption column prior to the contacting step.

21. The method according to claim 15, further comprising adjusting a base line of the ammonia analyzer by drawing in a fresh wash liquid and calibrating the ammonia analyzer with a standard solution prior to the contacting step.