Thermal imaging system and method using scene-average radiation as a thermal reference

• US 5,136,421 A
• Filed: 06/29/1990
• Issued: 08/04/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 06/29/1990
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Raytheon Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Texas Instruments, Inc.
• Inventors: Sagan, Stephen F.
• Primary Examiner(s): NOT, DEFINED
• Application Number:
  US07/546,602
• Time in Patent Office: 767 Days
• Field of Search: 350/1.2, 350/1.1, 350/445, 350/446, 350/286, 350/6.6, 350/622, 350/569, 350/447, 250/330, 250/334, 250/342, 250/347, 250/353
• US Class Current: 359/351
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 17/02 Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 5/04 Prisms
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 3/09 for electromagnetic radiation in the invisible region, e.g. infrared

Abstract

A pupil/image reversal prism (FIG. 2) forms a pupil at an image location. Such a prism has specific applicability in a DCR scheme for a thermal imaging system (FIG. 3a, 31 and 32) in which a passive DCR source is implemented by a pupil imager that forms a pupil onto the image of a thermal scene, thereby providing scene-average radiation to a thermal detector array. The pupil/image reversal prism including an input reflective surface (A), an output reflective surface (B), a positive reflective surface (C) and an intermediate folding reflective surface (D). The reflective surfaces A and B use total internal reflection to provide both transmissive and reflective operation.

Claims

1. A DCR method, used in a thermal imaging system with an optical path that includes an array of thermal image detectors, for providing a passive source of thermal reference radiation to the thermal image detector array;

comprising the steps;

during selected DCR intervals, redirecting the optical path for the thermal imaging system to include a DCR imaging path such that a redirected optical bundle is introduced into the DCR imaging path as a DCR imaging bundle; and

in the DCR imaging path, performing optical operations on the DCR imaging bundle and then reintroducing the DCR imaging bundle back into the optical path of the thermal imaging system to form a pupil onto an image of a thermal scene;

such that scene-average radiation is provided to the thermal image detector array as a thermal reference.

2. The DCR method of claim 1, comprising the steps:

directing the DCR imaging bundle to a first reflective surface;

directing the DCR imaging bundle to a positive reflective surface that reflects the bundle with positive power;

directing the DCR imaging bundle to second and third reflective surfaces; and

directing the DCR imaging bundle on an exit path for reintroduction back into the optical path of the thermal imaging system.

3. The DCR method of claim 1, wherein the step of redirecting the optical path for the thermal imaging system to include a DCR imaging path comprises the steps:

during selected first DCR intervals, redirecting the optical path for the thermal imaging system to include a DCR imaging path such that a redirected optical bundle is introduced into the DCR imaging path as a CDR imaging bundle;

during selected second DCR intervals, redirecting the optical path for the thermal imaging system into a DCR imaging path such that a portion of a redirected optical bundle is introduced into the DCR imaging path as a DCR imaging bundle, and a portion of the redirected optical bundle is reflected as a DCR reflected bundle and reintroduced back into the optical path of the thermal imaging system;

such that, during the first DCR intervals, scene-average radiation is provided to the thermal image detector array as a first thermal reference, and, during the second DCR intervals, a composite of scene-average radiation and some form of the DCR reflected bundle is provided to the thermal image detector array as a second thermal reference.

4. The DCR method of claim 1, wherein the step of performing optical operations on the DCR imaging bundle to from a pupil comprises the steps:

folding the DCR imaging bundle onto a predetermined number of fold paths;

on at least one of the fold paths, focusing the DCR imaging bundle with positive power; and

reintroducing the folded and focused DCR imaging bundle back into the optical path of thermal imaging system to form a pupil at a selected location.

15. The thermal imaging system including DCR pupil imaging optics defined in claim 1, wherein said imaging optics comprises:

an imager for imaging the thermal scene on the detector array; and

an objective for directing the thermal scene radiation to said imager;

said DCR pupil imaging optics being integrated with said imager; and

said imager including an indexer for selectively, during the DCR intervals, redirecting the optical path of the detector array to include the DCR pupil imaging optics.

16. The thermal imaging system including DCR pupil imaging optics defined in claim 15, wherein said DCR pupil imaging optics is located substantially at an intermediate image plane for the detector array.

5. A thermal imaging system including DCR pupil imaging optics for providing a passive DCR thermal reference source, comprising:

a thermal detector array;

imaging optics for imaging a thermal scene onto said detector array; and

DCR pupil imaging optics for forming a pupil on an image of the scene, such that the detector receives scene-average radiation as a thermal reference;

during selected DCR intervals, said imaging optics redirects the optical path for the detector array to include the DCR pupil imaging optics.

6. The thermal imaging system including DCR pupil imaging optics defined in claim 5, wherein said DCR pupil imaging optics comprises:

input/output optics for intercepting, during selected DCR intervals, an input optical bundle incident from the thermal imaging system, and after a predetermined number of fold paths within the pupil/image reversal device, reintroducing the optical bundle into the thermal imaging system; and

a positive reflective element for reflecting with positive power;

said positive reflective element and said input/output optics being cooperatively configured such that an intercepted optical bundle is directed along a predetermined number of fold paths, at least one of which includes the positive reflective element, until being directed on an exit path to the input/output optics, such that the focused and folded optical bundle forms a pupil at a desired image location.

7. The thermal imaging system including DCR pupil imaging optics defined in claim 6, wherein said input/output optics comprises:

an input reflective element; and

an output reflective element;

said input and output reflective elements being transmissive to an optical bundle incident at transmit-angles of incidence, and reflective to an optical bundle incident at a reflect-angles of incidence;

such that an optical bundle incident to said input reflective element at a transmit-angle of incidence is introduced into the pupil/image reversal device, and within the device, the optical bundle propagates along predetermined internal fold paths incident to said input and output reflective elements at reflect-angles of incidence, until being directed on an exit path to said output reflective element at a transmit angle of incidence for reintroduction into the optical system.

8. The thermal imaging system including DCR pupil imaging optics defined in claim 7, further including at least one intermediate fold element for reflecting an incident optical bundle.

9. The thermal imaging system including DCR pupil imaging optics defined in claim 7, wherein said positive reflective element and said input and output reflective elements are surfaces formed on a prism of refractive material.

10. The thermal imaging system including DCR pupil imaging optics defined in claim 9, wherein said input and output reflective surfaces use TIR for reflection.

11. The thermal imaging system including DCR pupil imaging optics defined in claim 10, wherein said prism includes a zinc selenide immersion medium.

12. The thermal imaging system including DCR pupil imaging optics defined in claim 9, wherein said prism further includes at least one intermediate fold surface for reflecting an optical bundle.

13. The thermal imaging system including DCR pupil imaging optics defined in claim 9, wherein said positive reflective surface is coated reflective.

14. The thermal imaging system including DCR pupil imaging optics defined in claim 9, wherein said input and output reflective surfaces are coated with an anti-reflective coating.

17. The thermal imaging system including DCR pupil imaging optics defined in claim 5, wherein said imaging optics comprises:

an imager for imaging the thermal scene on the detector array; and

an objective for directing thermal scene radiation to said imager; and

a scanner located optically between said imager and said objective for scanning the detector array across the thermal scene;

said DCR pupil imaging optics being integrated with said objective; and

said scanner being selectively, during DCR intervals, operable to redirect the optical path of the detector array to include the DCR pupil imaging optics.

18. The thermal imaging system including DCR pupil imaging optics defined in claim 17, wherein said DCR pupil imaging optics is located substantially at an intermediate image plane for the detector array.

19. The thermal imaging system including DCR pupil imaging optics defined in claim 5, wherein:

during selected first DCR intervals, said input/output optics intercepts an input optical bundle incident from said imaging optics as a DCR imaging bundle;

during selected second DCR intervals, said input/output optics intercepts a portion of an input optical bundle incident from said imaging optics as a DCR imaging bundle, and reflects back into the thermal imaging system a portion of the input optical bundle as a DCR reflected bundle;

such that, during the first DCR intervals scene-average radiation is provided to the detector array as a first thermal reference, and during the second DCR intervals a composite of scene-average radiation and some form of the DCR reflected bundle is provided to the detector array as a second thermal reference.