Method and apparatus for improving the signal to noise ratio of an image formed of an object hidden in or behind a semi-opaque random media

• US 5,140,463 A
• Filed: 03/08/1990
• Issued: 08/18/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 03/08/1990
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: The Research Foundation of State University of New York
• Original Assignee: Kwong M. Yoo, Robert R. Alfano
• Inventors: Alfano, Robert R., Yoo, Kwong M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Arnold, Bruce Y.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Phan, James
• Application Number:
  US07/489,942
• Time in Patent Office: 894 Days
• Field of Search: 250/486.1, 250/363.02, 250/432 R, 250/432 PD, 364/413.19, 364/413.13, 356/338, 356/339, 356/336, 356/337, 378/99, 378/154, 378/37, 73/603, 350/171, 350/162.12, 358/95, 358/110, 358/111, 359/497, 359/498
• US Class Current: 359/559
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/177 Detector of the video camera type
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/178 Methods for obtaining spatial resolution of the property being measured
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/1791 stroboscopic; pulse gated; time range gated
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/4795 spatially resolved investigating of object in scattering medium in vivo A61B
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2201/0697 Pulsed lasers

Abstract

The quality of image of an object hidden inside a highly scattering semi-opaque disordered medium is improved by using space gate imaging or time gate imaging or space time gate imaging. In space gate imaging, a small segment of the object is illuminated at a time. The scattered light is passed through a spatial noise filter. On the image plane, an aperture is open at the position of the image segment which correspond to the segment of the illuminated object. A full image is obtained by scanning the object segment by segment and simultaneously recording the signal at the corresponding image segment. In time gate imaging, the unscattered (i.e. ballistic) portion of the pulse which contains the information of the image is temporally separated from the other (i.e. scattered) portions which contains the noise using a ultrafast laser pulse and temporal gating devices. The technique is in space-time gate imaging, the two techniques are combined to produce an image with a much higher signal to noise ratio. The time separation between the ballistic and scattered light may be increased by increasing thickness of random medium or by introducing small scatters into the random medium so as to make the medium more random. The signal to noise ratio can also be increased by making the random medium less random (so that there will be less scattered light). In addition, the signal to noise ratio can be increased by introducing an absorbing dye into the medium or by using a wavelength for the light which is in the absorption spectrum of the random medium or by making the medium more ordered (i.e. less random) or by using a pair of parallel polarizers.

Claims

1. In an apparatus for imaging an object that is in or behind a semi-opaque random medium and which includes a radiation source for irradiating said object through said medium and a time gated detector for receiving radiation from the medium, the radiation received by the detector including scattered radiation and unscattered radiation, the scattered radiation being temporally separate from the unscattered radiation, the improvement comprising means for increasing the time separation between radiation from said medium which is scattered and radiation which is unscattered.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 and wherein the means for increasing the time separation comprises a quantity of semi-opaque random medium.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 and wherein the means for increasing the time separation comprises a quantity of scatterers in the semi-opaque random medium.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 and further including an absorbing dye for improving the quality of the radiation received by the detector and absorbing dye being in said semi-opaque random medium.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 and wherein the radiation source provides radiation of a wavelength or wavelengths in the absorption spectrum of the semi-opaque random medium.

6. A system for imaging an object hidden in or behind a semi-opaque random medium comprising:

(a) a light source for illuminating the object;

(b) means for spatially filtering the light from the object; and

(c) a streak camera for detecting light from the object and temporally gating said light; and

(d) a computer system for processing and recording the output of the streak camera.

7. An apparatus for forming an image of an object that is in or behind a semi-opaque random medium comprising:

(a) means for illuminating said object through said semi-opaque random medium with a beam of radiation,

(b) a streak camera for detecting radiation from said object and forming an image thereof said streak camera temporally gating the radiation received from said object

(c) a noise filter in front of the streak camera, and

(d) a space gate in front of the streak camera for spatially gating the light from the object.

8. The apparatus of claim 7 and further including a collector for collecting radiation from said semi-opaque random medium and directing said radiation into said detector.

9. A method of forming an image of an object that is in or behind a semi-opaque random medium comprising the steps of:

(a) illuminating said object through said semi-opaque random media with a beam of radiation,

(b) spatially gating the radiation from the object, and

(c) forming an image of said object using said spatially gated radiation and a streak camera.

10. An apparatus for forming an image of an object that is in or behind a semi-opaque random medium comprising:

(a) a light source and a first optical fiber for illuminating said object through said semi-opaque random medium with a beam of radiation,

(b) a detector for detecting radiation from said object and forming an image thereof, said detector being a time gated type detector so as to temporally gate the radiation received from said object,

(c) a noise filter in front of said detector, and

(d) a second optical fiber for collecting light from said object and directing said light into said detector.

11. The apparatus of claim 10 and wherein said detector is a streak camera.

12. The apparatus of claim 11 and further including an SIT camera for recording the output of the streak camera.

13. An apparatus for forming an image of an object that is in or behind a semi-opaque random medium comprising:

(a) means for illuminating said object through said semi-opaque random medium with a beam of radiation,

(b) a detector for detecting radiation from said object and forming an image thereof, said detector being a time gated type detector so as to temporally gate the radiation received from said object,

(c) a collector movable relative to said semi-opaque random medium for collecting radiation from semi-opaque random medium and directing said radiation into said detector.

14. The apparatus of claim 13 and further including a controller for synchronizing the positions of illumination and collection.