Manipulatable orientation for a translatable graphic object

• US 5,146,212 A
• Filed: 01/04/1990
• Issued: 09/08/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 01/04/1990
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Apple Computer Incorporated (Apple Inc.)
• Inventors: Venolia, Daniel S.
• Primary Examiner(s): Weldon, Ulysses
• Assistant Examiner(s): Luu, Matthew
• Application Number:
  US07/460,774
• Time in Patent Office: 978 Days
• Field of Search: 340/709, 340/710, 340/706, 364/521, 364/522
• US Class Current: 715/861
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/04812 Interaction techniques based on cursor appearance or behaviour, e.g. being affected by the presence of displayed objects
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 5/08 Cursor circuits

Abstract

A method for changing the orientation of a graphic object in response to changes in the variable position of that object on the display of a computer is disclosed. The position of the graphic object on the display is determined by the position of a control point having a fixed position in relation to the object and a variable position in relation to the display. The control point is operative to change its position in response to translational signals received by an interactive control device, and the computer is operative to display the object at each position of the control point. A change in the orientation of the object to be displayed at the new position of the control point is determined by establishing a following point having a fixed position with respect to the object and a variable position with respect to the display, and tracking the variable position of the following point behind the path of the motion of the control point. The path of the control point is tracked by the following point by determining the direction and magnitude of change in a vector extending between the control point and the following point and then changing the variable position of the following point to normalize the magnitude of the vector in that direction of change.

Claims

1. A method for changing the orientation of a graphic object having a variable position on a display of a computer, the graphic object including a control point having a fixed position with respect to the graphic object and having a variable position with respect to the display, the control point being operative to change its variable position in response to signals from a controller, the computer being operative to display the graphic object at a specific orientation on the display in response to changes in the variable position of the control point;

comprising the steps of;

selecting a following point having a fixed position with respect to the graphic object and having a variable position with respect to the display;

changing the variable position of the following point in response to changes in the variable position of the control point in such a manner so as to cause the variable position of the following point to track a path of varying orientation behind the motion of the control point, said step of changing including the steps of

determining the direction and magnitude of change in the variable position of the control point by measuring the direction and normalized magnitude of a first vector between a first variable position of the control point and a first variable position of the following point and by measuring the direction and magnitude of a new vector between a new variable position of the control point and the first variable position of the following point, and

moving the variable position of the following point to match the direction and magnitude of change in the variable position of the control point; and

displaying the graphic object at a new orientation on the display that matches the variable positions of the control point and the following point.

2. A method for changing the orientation of a graphic object as recited in claim 1, wherein the step of moving the variable position of the following point includes the step of changing the magnitude of the new vector to match the normalized magnitude of the first vector by changing the variable position of the following point to a new variable position in the direction of the new vector.

3. A method for changing the orientation of a graphic object as recited in claim 1, wherein the graphic object is a two-dimensional image.

4. A method for changing the orientation of a graphic object as recited in claim 3, wherein the two-dimensional image is a cursor image including a data field and a mask field, wherein the fixed position of the control point is within the data field and near a visual working point of the cursor image, and wherein the fixed position of the following point is selected outside of the mask field.

5. A method for changing the orientation of a three-dimensional graphic object having a variable position on a display of a computer corresponding to a three-dimensional coordinate system, the graphic object including a control point having a fixed position with respect to the graphic object and having a variable position with respect to the display, the control point being operative to change its variable position in response to signals from a controller, the computer being operative to display the graphic object at a specific orientation on the display in response to changes in the variable position of the control point;

comprising the steps of;

selecting a following point having a fixed position with respect to the graphic object and having a variable position with respect to the display;

changing the variable position of the following point in response to changes in the variable position of the control point in such a manner so as to cause the variable position of the following point to track a path of varying yaw and pitch behind the motion of the control point, the changing step includes the steps of

determining the direction and magnitude of change in the variable position of the control point by measuring the direction and normalized magnitude of a first vector between a first variable position of the control point and a first variable position of the following point and by measuring the direction and magnitude of a new vector between a new variable position of the control point and the first variable position of the following point, and

moving the variable position of the following point to match the direction and magnitude of change in the variable position of the control point; and

displaying the graphic object at a new orientation on the display that matches the variable positions of the control point and the following point.

6. A method for changing the orientation of a graphic object as recited in claim 5, wherein the step of moving the variable position of the following point includes the step of changing the magnitude of the new vector to match the normalized magnitude of the first vector by changing the variable position of the following point to a new variable position in the direction of the new vector.

7. A method for changing the orientation of a graphic object as recited in claim 6, wherein the step of displaying the graphic object includes the steps of:

establishing a first fin vector within a plane perpendicular to the direction of the first vector;

establishing a new fin vector within a new plane perpendicular to the direction of the new vector;

transforming the first fin vector and the new fin vector to the origin of and within a base plane perpendicular to the three-dimensional coordinate system of the display; and

displaying the graphic object at a new orientation on the display that matches the variable positions of the control point and the following point while simultaneously displaying a rolled image of the graphic object that aligns the direction of the new fin vector with the direction of the first fin vector.

8. A method for providing rotational motion to the translational motion of a graphic object displayed on a computer screen, the graphic object having a variable screen position, the graphic object also including a control point having a fixed coordinate position relative to the graphic object and a variable coordinate position relative to the computer screen, the control point being operative to change its variable coordinate position relative to the screen in coordination with the screen position of the graphic object and in response to signals from a controller, comprising the steps of:

(a) determining an initial coordinate position for said control point and an initial coordinate position for a following point, said following point being located a predetermined distance from said control point and having a variable coordinate position relative to the screen;

(b) displaying said graphic object at an initial screen position and an initial screen orientation relative to said initial coordinate positions for said control point and said following point;

(c) calculating a new coordinate position for said control point in response to said signals from said controller,

determining the direction and magnitude of change between said new coordinate position for said control point and said initial coordinate position for said control point by measuring the direction and normalized magnitude of a first vector between the initial coordinate position of the control point and the initial coordinate position of the following point and by measuring the direction and magnitude of a new vector between the new coordinate position of the control point and the initial coordinate position of the following point, and

calculating a new coordinate position for said following point which matches the direction and magnitude of change between said new coordinate position for said control point and said initial coordinate position of said control point;

(d) determining a new screen position for said graphic object in response to at least each change in the coordinate position of said control point;

(e) determining a new screen orientation for said graphic object in response to at least a change in the angular relationship between said initial coordinate positions for said control point and said following point and said new coordinate positions for said control point and said following point; and

(f) displaying said graphic object at said new screen position and either at said new screen orientation or at said initial screen orientation as determined in step (e), whereby translational signals from said controller are operative to produce rotational motion in the appearance of said graphic object.

9. A method for providing rotational motion to the translational motion of a graphic object as recited in claim 8, wherein the step of calculating a new coordinate position for said following point includes the step of determining said new coordinate position for said following point by changing the magnitude of said new vector to match the normalized magnitude of said first vector.

10. A method for providing orientation to a graphic object displayed on a computer screen, the graphic object having a variable screen position, the graphic object also including a control point having a fixed position relative to the graphic object and a variable position relative to the computer screen, the control point being operative to change its variable position in coordination with the screen position of the graphic object in response to signals from a controller, comprising the steps of:

(a) determining an initial position for said control point and an initial position for a following point, said following point being located a predetermined distance from said control point and having a fixed position relative to the graphic object and a variable position relative to the screen;

(b) displaying said graphic object at an initial screen position and an initial screen orientation relative to said initial positions for said control point and said following point;

(c) calculating a new position for said control point in response to said signals from said controller,

determining the direction and magnitude of change between said new position and said initial position for said control point by measuring the direction and normalized magnitude of a first vector between the initial position of the control point and the initial position of the following point and by measuring the direction and magnitude of a new vector between the new position of the control point and the initial position of the following point, and

calculating a new position for said following point which matches the direction and magnitude of change between the initial and new positions of said control point;

(d) determining a new screen position for said graphic object in response to at least each change in the position of said control point;

(e) determining a new screen orientation for said graphic object in response to at least a change in the angular relationship between said initial positions for said control point and said following point and said new positions for said control point and said following point; and

(f) displaying said graphic object at said new screen position and either at said new screen orientation or at said initial screen orientation as determined in step (e), whereby translational signals from said controller are operative to produce rotational motion in the appearance of said graphic object.

11. A method for providing orientation to a graphic object displayed on a computer screen as recited in claim 10, wherein the step of calculating a new position for said following point includes the step of determining said new position for said following point by changing the magnitude of the new vector to match the normalized magnitude of the first vector.

12. A method for providing orientation to a graphic object displayed on a computer screen as recited in claim 10, wherein the graphic object is a cursor image.