Acoustic transducer

• US 5,146,435 A
• Filed: 12/04/1989
• Issued: 09/08/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 12/04/1989
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Incorporated
• Inventors: Bernstein, Jonathan J.
• Primary Examiner(s): ELDRED, JOHN W
• Application Number:
  US07/444,996
• Time in Patent Office: 1,009 Days
• Field of Search: 367/181, 381/174, 381/191, 29/25.42
• US Class Current: 367/181
• CPC Class Codes: G01H 11/06 by electric means
• CPC Class Codes: H04R 1/44 Special adaptations for subaqueous use, e.g. for hydrophone
• CPC Class Codes: H04R 19/005 using semiconductor materials
• CPC Class Codes: H04R 19/04 Microphones H04R19/01 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/435 Solid dielectric type

Abstract

An acoustic transducer includes a perforated capacitor plate; a movable capacitor plate spaced from the perforated plate; springs for movably supporting the movable capacitor plate relative to the perforated plate; and a support structure for supporting the perforated and movable plates, where the movable plate is interconnected to the support structure by the springs and where the plates, springs and support structure form a unified, monolithic structure. The movable plate, springs and support structure are made from a silicon wafer. The transducer also includes a dielectric fluid in the space between the plates; and equipment for applying an electric field across the plates for producing an output signal representative of the variation in capacitance induced by the variation in space between the plates in response to an acoustic signal.

Claims

1. An acoustic transducer comprising:

perforated plate means;

movable capacitor plate spaced from said perforated plate means;

spring means interconnecting said movable plate means and said perforated plate means for movably supporting said movable capacitor plate means relative to said perforated plate means;

said perforated plate, movable plate and spring means made from a silicon wafer, and said perforated plate, movable plate, and spring means forming a unified monolithic structure;

a dielectric fluid in the space between said movable and perforated plate means; and

means for applying an electric field across said movable and perforated plate means for producing an output signal representative of the variation in capacitance induced by the variation of the space between the plates in response to an incident acoustic signal.

2. The acoustic transducer of claim 1, wherein said movable plate and spring means are made from a silicon wafer using micromachining photolithographic process.

3. The acoustic transducer of claim 1, wherein said movable plate and spring means are made from a silicon wafer using micromachining photolithographic techniques.

4. The acoustic transducer of claim 1 in which said perforations constitute approximately thirty percent or more of said perforated plate means.

5. The acoustic transducer of claim 1 in which said perforations are holes.

6. The acoustic transducer of claim 1 in which said perforations are slots.

7. The acoustic transducer of claim 1 in which said dielectric fluid is a gaseous medium.

8. The acoustic transducer of claim 7 in which said gaseous medium is air.

9. The acoustic transducer of claim 1 in which said dielectric fluid is a liquid.

10. The acoustic transducer of claim 1 in which said dielectric fluid has a specific gravity matched to that of said movable plate means to minimize errors due to motion of the plate in response to acceleration forces.

11. The acoustic transducer of claim 1 in which said monolithic structure includes a chamber, said chamber has an opening, said movable and perforated plate means are disposed across said opening with one of said movable and perforated plate means facing into said chamber and the other facing out.

12. The acoustic transducer of claim 11 in which said chamber is filled with the same dielectric fluid as is present in the space between said plate means.

13. The acoustic transducer of claim 1 in which said movable plate means moves translationally relative to said perforated plate means.

14. The acoustic transducer of claim 11 in which said movable plate means moves rotationally relative to said perforated plate means.

15. The acoustic transducer of claim 1 further including a second perforated plate means on the opposite side of said movable plate means from the first said perforated plate means and spaced from said movable plate means with dielectric fluid between them, said movable plate means, spring means and both first and second perforated plate means forming a unified, monolithic structure.

16. The acoustic transducer of claim 15 in which said means for applying an electric field applies an electric field across said second perforated plate means and said movable plate means.

17. The acoustic transducer of claim 16 in which said means for applying an electric field applies an electric field of one polarity to the first said perforated plate means and of the opposite polarity to the second said perforated plate means.

18. The acoustic transducer of claim 1 in which said movable plate means is held at a virtual ground.

19. The acoustic transducer of claim 17 in which said movable plate means is held at a virtual ground.

20. The acoustic transducer of claim 11 further including a flexible membrane covering the plate means facing out of said chamber.

21. The acoustic transducer of claim 1 in which said movable plate means includes a pressure equalization path through the plate interconnecting its opposite faces.

22. The acoustic transducer of claim 21 in which said path includes a perimetrical slot.

23. The acoustic transducer of claim 21 in which said perforated plate means includes strain relief means.

24. The acoustic transducer of claim 23 in which said strain relief means are slots.

25. The acoustic transducer of claim 1 in which said means for applying an electric field includes a local oscillator circuit for providing a carrier wave across said plate means, means for ampllifying said carrier wave modulated by the variations introduced by variations in the space between said plate means, means for demodulating said carrier wave to obtain the modulating variations in spacing of said plate means representative of the change in capacitance effected by incident acoustic wave energy.

26. The acoustic transducer of claim 1, in which said movable plate, spring and perforated plate means are made from a silicon wafer.

27. The acoustic transducer of claim 15, in which said movable plate means, spring means and said first and second perforated plate means are made from a silicon wafer.

28. The acoustic transducer of claim 1, in which said means for applying an electric field across said movable and perforated plate means includes circuitry integrated into said silicon wafer.

29. The acoustic transducer of claim 26, wherein said movable plate, spring and perforated plate means are made from a silicon wafer using micromachining photolithographic process.

30. The acoustic transducer of claim 27, wherein said movable plate means, spring means and first and second perforated plate means are made from a silicon wafer using micromachining photolithographic process.