Adaptive digital filter including low-pass filter

• US 5,146,470 A
• Filed: 09/28/1990
• Issued: 09/08/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 09/28/1989
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Fujitsu Limited
• Original Assignee: Fujitsu Limited
• Inventors: Masuda, Hiroyuki, Fujii, Kensaku, Ohga, Juro
• Primary Examiner(s): Chin, Stephen
• Application Number:
  US07/590,376
• Time in Patent Office: 711 Days
• Field of Search: 375/12, 375/14, 375/103, 364/724.01, 364/724.11, 364/724.12, 370/32, 370/32.1, 379/406, 379/410, 379/411
• US Class Current: 375/350
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 3/23 using a replica of transmitted signal in the time domain, e.g. echo cancellers
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 3/231 Echo cancellers using readout of a memory to provide the echo replica
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 3/234 using double talk detection

Abstract

An adaptive digital filter for estimating a response characteristic of a signal path by monitoring a sampled output signal of the signal path, estimating a predetermined number of filter coefficients which represent the response characteristic of the signal path, and generating an estimated output signal of the signal path using a plurality of successive sampled input signals of the signal path and the estimated filter coefficients, where the estimation is carried out so that a difference between the output signal and the estimated output signal is reduced. Each of the filter coefficients is extracted by a low-pass filter where the low-pass filter coefficient in the low-pass filter can be set to a constant. Normalization can be carried out in either the input side or the output side of the low-pass filter. Otherwise, the low-pass filter coefficient may be set to 1-K·X_j (m)² /r, where r is set equal to a norm of the sampled input signals in the beginning, and is then set to an integrated power of the sample input signals.

Claims

1. An adaptive digital filter for estimating a response characteristic of a signal path by monitoring a sampled output signal of said signal path, estimating a predetermined number of filter coefficients which represent the response characteristic of the signal path, and generating an estimated output signal of said signal path using a plurality of successive sampled input signals of the signal path and estimated filter coefficients, wherein an estimation is carried out so that a difference between said output signal and said estimated output signal is reduced, the filter comprising:

an input signal register for holding a plurality of sampled input signals which have been sampled since a predetermined number of cycles before the current time;

a filter coefficient register for holding said predetermined number of filter coefficients which respectively correspond to the plurality of sampled input signals;

a convolution calculating means for calculating a convolution between said input signal and said estimated response characteristic using said plurality of successive sampled input signals which are held in said input signal register, and said estimated filter coefficients which are held in said filter coefficient register;

an error obtaining means for obtaining a difference between said sampled output signal of said signal path and said convolution as an error in said estimation; and

a filter coefficient estimating means for estimating said predetermined number of filter coefficients so that said error is reduced;

said filter coefficient estimating means comprising a filter coefficient renewing means for each of said predetermined number of filter coefficients, for renewing the corresponding filter coefficient in each cycle of sampling, and wherein

said filter coefficient renewing means comprises

a multiplier for obtaining a product of one of said sampled output signals corresponding to the filter coefficient renewing means, and said sampled input signal,

an integrating means for integrating an output of said multiplier to extract a component of said filter coefficient corresponding to the filter coefficient renewing means,

a power calculating means for calculating a power of said one of said sampled output signals corresponding to the filter coefficient renewing means, and

a divider for dividing an output of the integrating means by an output of the power calculating means.

2. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 1, wherein said integrating means comprises a low-pass filter for integrating the output of the said multiplier to extract a component of said filter coefficient corresponding to the filter coefficient renewing means, wherein a low-pass filter coefficient in the low-pass filter is a constant.

3. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 2, wherein said integrating means further comprises a low-pass filter coefficient setting means for setting said low-pass filter coefficient in said low-pass filter,

said low-pass filter coefficient is set to a small value near zero at the beginning of the operation of an echo canceler, and is renewed to be increased with an elapse of time.

4. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 3, wherein the low-pass filter coefficient in said low-pass filter is set to be equal to (n-1)/n where n is an integer, and n is set to be equal to the number of the samples which are counted from the beginning of the operation of the adaptive digital filter for a predetermined time from the beginning of the operation of the adaptive digital filter, and n is renewed so that said low-pass filter coefficient is renewed to be increased with an elapse of time, after a predetermined time.

5. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 2, wherein said integrating means further comprises,

an arithmetic average calculating means and low-pass filter coefficient setting means for calculating an arithmetic average of the input signals thereof, wherein said low-pass filter coefficient is set a small value near zero at the beginning of the operation of an echo canceler, and is renewed to be increased with an elapse of time, and

a selecting control means for selecting said arithmetic average calculating means to be used as said integrating means for a predetermined time from the beginning of the operation of the adaptive digital filter, and selecting said low-pass filter to be used as said integrating means after a predetermined time.

6. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 2, wherein m-th filter coefficient renewing means corresponding to m-th filter coefficient, where m is an integer satisfying 1≦

m≦

I where I is equal to said number of the filter coefficients further comprises,

a power calculation means for calculating an integrated power (P_j) of said sampled input signals, where the gain in said power calculation means is set to be equal to a gain in said low-pass filter, and

a power delay means for delaying said integrated power (P_j) by (m-1) cycles to obtain a (m-1)-cycle-delayed integrated power (P_j (m)), and the (m-1)-cycle-delayed integrated power (P_j (m)) is suppled to said divider as a divisor.

7. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 2, wherein m-th filter coefficient renewing means corresponding to m-th filter coefficient, where m is an integer satisfying 1≦

m≦

I where I is equal to said number of the filter coefficients further comprises

a power calculation means for receiving one of said sampled input signals which is sampled (m-1) cycles before the current time, and is held in the input signal register, and calculating an (m-1)-cycle-delayed integrated power (P_j (m)) of the received sampled input signal, where the gain in said power calculation means is set to be equal to a gain in said low-pass filter, and the (m-1)-cycle-delayed integrated power (P_j (m)) is supplied to said divider as a divisor.

8. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 1, wherein m-th filter coefficient renewing means corresponding to m-th filter coefficient, where m is an integer satisfying 1≦

m≦

I where I is equal to said number of the filter coefficients, further comprises

a sum-of-products calculating means for receiving the output of the convolution calculating means, and obtaining and outputting a sum-of-products Σ

_m H_j (i)X_j (i) where X_j (i) is the sampled input signal which has been sampled (i-1) cycles before the current time j, H_j (i) denotes a filter coefficient corresponding to the sampled input signal X_j (i), and Σ

_m is a summation of all the filter coefficient of the adaptive digital filter except i=m, and

a subtracter which receives said sampled output signal and the output of the convolution calculating means, subtracts the output of the convolution calculating means from said sampled output signal, and said multiplier receives the output of the subtracter instead of said sampled output signal.

9. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 8, further comprising a filter coefficient modifying means for modifying the values of the filter coefficients which are supplied to the convolution calculating means.

10. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 9, wherein said filter coefficient modifying means comprises:

a comparing means where 1≦

i≦

I and I is the number of the filter coefficients, for each filter coefficient, for receiving said error in said estimation, and comparing the error with a reference level which is predetermined for each filter coefficient, and

a modifying means for outputting zero to said convolution calculating means instead of the corresponding filter coefficient when said error is below said reference level, and outputting the corresponding filter coefficient when said error exceeds said reference level.

11. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 10, wherein each said reference level is preset so that the filter coefficients are supplied to the convolution calculating means in the order of the corresponding sampled input signals which are held in the input signal register, from the newest to the oldest.

12. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 9, wherein said filter coefficient modifying means comprises

a comparing means where 1≦

i≦

I and I is the number of the filter coefficients, for each filter coefficient, for receiving said error in said estimation, and comparing the error with a plurality of reference levels which are predetermined for each filter coefficient, to determine the level of the error, and

a modifying means for multiplying the corresponding filter coefficient by a plurality of factors according to the level of the error, and outputting the multiplied filter coefficient to said convolution calculating means,

said reference levels and said factors being predetermined so that said multiplied filter coefficients which are supplied to said convolution calculation means instead of the filter coefficients, gradually increase from zero to the whole values of the filter coefficients.

13. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 9, wherein said filter coefficient modifying means comprises

a comparing means where 1≦

i≦

I and I is the number of the filter coefficients, for each filter coefficient, for receiving a timer count which indicates an elapse of time from the beginning of the operation of the adaptive digital filter, and comparing the timer count with a reference level which is predetermined for each filter coefficient, and

a modifying means for outputting zero to said convolution calculating means instead of the corresponding filter coefficient when said timer count is below said reference level, and outputting the corresponding filter coefficient when said timer count exceeds said reference level.

14. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 13, wherein each said reference level is preset so that the filter coefficients are supplied to the convolution calculating means in the order of the corresponding sampled input signals which are held in the input signal register, from the newest to the oldest.

15. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 9, wherein said filter coefficient modifying means comprises

a comparing means where 1≦

i≦

I and I is the number of the filter coefficients, for each filter coefficient, for receiving a timer count in said estimation, and comparing the timer count with a plurality of reference levels which are predetermined for each filter coefficient, to determine the level of the timer count, and

a modifying means for multiplying the corresponding filter coefficient by a plurality of factors according to the level of the timer count, and outputting the multiplied filter coefficient to said convolution calculating means,

said reference levels and said factors being predetermined so that multiplied filter coefficients which are supplied to said convolution calculation means instead of the filter coefficients, gradually increase from zero to the whole values of the filter coefficients.

16. An adaptive digital filter for estimating a response characteristic of a signal path by monitoring a sampled output signal of said signal path, estimating a predetermined number of filter coefficients which represent the response characteristic of the signal path, and generating an estimated output signal of said signal path using a plurality of successive sampled input signals of the signal path and estimated filter coefficients, wherein an estimation is carried out so that a difference between said output signal and said estimated output signal is reduced, the filter comprising:

an input signal register for holding a plurality of sampled input signals which have been sampled since a predetermined number of cycles before the current time;

a filter coefficient register for holding said predetermined number of filter coefficients which respectively correspond to the plurality of sampled input signals;

a convolution calculating means for calculating a convolution between said input signal and said estimated response characteristic using a plurality of successive sampled input signals which are held in said input signal register, and said estimated filter coefficients which are held in said filter coefficient register;

an error obtaining means for obtaining a difference between said sampled output signal of said signal path and said convolution as an error in said estimation; and

a filter coefficient estimating means for estimating said predetermined number of filter coefficients so that said error is reduced;

said filter coefficient estimating means comprising a filter coefficient renewing means for each of said predetermined number of filter coefficients, for renewing the corresponding filter coefficient in each cycle of sampling, and wherein

said filter coefficient renewing means comprises

a multiplier for obtaining a product of one of said sampled output signals corresponding to the filter coefficient renewing means, and said sampled input signal,

an accumulating means for accumulating an output of the multiplier,

a power calculating means for calculating a power of said one of said sampled output signals corresponding to the filter coefficient renewing means,

a divider for dividing an output of the accumulating by an output of the power calculating means, and

an integrating means for integrating the output of said divider to extract a component of said filter coefficient corresponding to the filter coefficient renewing means.

17. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 16, wherein said integrating means comprises a low-pass filter for integrating the output of the said divider to extract a component of said filter coefficient corresponding to the filter coefficient renewing means, wherein a low-pass filter coefficient in the low-pass filter is a constant.

18. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 17, wherein said integrating means further comprises a low-pass filter coefficient setting means for setting said low-pass filter coefficient in said low-pass filter,

said low-pass filter coefficient is set to a small value near zero at the beginning of the operation of an echo canceler, and is renewed to be increased with an elapse of time.

19. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 18, wherein the low-pass filter coefficient in said low-pass filter is set to be equal to (n-1)/n where n is an integer, and n is set to be equal to the number of the samples which are counted from the beginning of the operation of the adaptive digital filter for a predetermined time from the beginning of the operation of the adaptive digital filter, and n is renewed so that said low-pass filter coefficient is renewed to be increased with an elapse of time, after a predetermined time.

20. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 17, wherein said integrating means further comprises

an arithmetic average calculating means low-pass filter coefficient setting means for calculating an arithmetic average of the input signals thereof, wherein said low-pass filter coefficient is set to a small value near zero at the beginning of the operation of the echo canceler, and is renewed to be increased with an elapse of time, and

a selecting control means for selecting said arithmetic average calculating means to be used as said integrating means for a predetermined time from the beginning of the operation of the adaptive digital filter, and selecting said low-pass filter to be used as said integrating means after a predetermined time.

21. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 17, wherein m-th filter coefficient renewing means corresponding to m-th filter coefficient, where m is an integer satisfying 1≦

m≦

I where I is equal to said number of the filter coefficients, further comprises

a power calculation means for calculating an integrated power (P_j) of said sampled input signals, where the gain in said power calculation means is set to be equal to a gain in said low-pass filter, and

a power delay means for delaying said integrated power (P_j) by (m-1) cycles to obtain (m-1)-cycle-delayed integrated power (P_j (m)), and the (m-1)-cycle-delayed integrated power (P_j (m)) is supplied to said divider as a divisor.

22. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 17, wherein m-th filter coefficient renewing means corresponding to m-th filter coefficient, where m is an integer satisfying 1≦

m≦

I where I is equal to said number of the filter coefficients, further comprises

a power calculation means for receiving one of said sampled input signals which is sampled (m-1) cycles before the current time, and is held in the input signal register, and calculating an (m-1)-cycle-delayed integrated power (P_j (m)) of the received sampled input signal, where the gain in said power calculation means is set to be equal to a gain in said low-pass filter, and the (m-1)-cycle-delayed integrated power (P_j (m)) is supplied to said divider as a divisor.

23. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 16, wherein m-th filter coefficient renewing means corresponding to m-th filter coefficient, where m is an integer satisfying 1≦

m≦

I where I is equal to said number of the filter coefficients, further comprises

a sum-of-products calculating means for receiving the output of the convolution calculating means, and obtaining and outputting a sum-of-products Σ

_m H_j (i)X_j (i) where X_j (i) is the sampled input signal which has been sampled (i-1) cycles before the current time j, H_j (i) denotes a filter coefficient corresponding to the sampled input signal X_j (i), and Σ

_m is a summation of all the filter coefficients of the adaptive digital filter except i=m, and

a subtracter which receives said sampled output signal and the output of the convolution calculating means, subtracts the output of the convolution calculating means from said sampled output signal, and

said multiplier receives the output of the subtracter instead of said sampled output signal.

24. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 23, further comprising a filter coefficient modifying means for modifying the values of the filter coefficients which are supplied to the convolution calculating means.

25. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 24, wherein said filter coefficient modifying means comprises

a comparing means where 1≦

i≦

I and I is the number of filter coefficients, for each filter coefficient, for receiving said error in said estimation, and comparing the error with a reference level which is predetermined for each filter coefficient, and

a modifying means for outputting zero to said convolution calculating means instead of the corresponding filter coefficient when said error is below said reference level, and outputting the corresponding filter coefficient when said error exceeds said reference level.

26. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 25, wherein each said reference level is preset so that the filter coefficients are supplied to the convolution calculating means in the order of the corresponding sampled input signals which are held in the input signal register, from the newest to the oldest.

27. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 24, wherein said filter coefficient modifying means comprises

a comparing means where 1≦

i≦

I and I is the number of the filter coefficients, for each filter coefficient, for receiving said error in said estimation, and comparing the error with a plurality of reference levels which are predetermined for each filter coefficient, to determine the level of the error, and

a modifying means for multiplying the corresponding filter coefficient by a plurality of factors according to the level of the error, and outputting the multiplied filter coefficient to said convolution calculating means,

said reference levels and said factors being predetermined so that said multiplied filter coefficients which are supplied to said convolution calculation means instead of the filter coefficients, gradually increase from zero to the whole values of the filter coefficients.

28. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 24, wherein said filter coefficient modifying means comprises

a comparing means where 1≦

i≦

I and I is the number of the filter coefficients, for each filter coefficient, for receiving a timer count which indicates an elapse of time from the beginning of the operation of the adaptive digital filter, and comparing the timer count with a reference level which is predetermined for each filter coefficient, and

a modifying means for outputting zero to said convolution calculating means instead of the corresponding filter coefficient when said timer count is below said reference level, and outputting the corresponding filter coefficient when said timer count exceeds said reference level.

29. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 28, wherein each said reference level is preset so that the filter coefficients are supplied to the convolution calculating means in the order of the corresponding sampled input signals which are held in the input signal register, from the newest to the oldest.

30. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 24, wherein said filter coefficient modifying means comprises

a comparing means where 1≦

i≦

I and I is the number of filter coefficients, for each filter coefficient, for receiving a timer count in said estimation, and comparing the timer count with a plurality of reference levels which are predetermined for each filter coefficient, to determine the level of the timer count, and

a modifying means for multiplying the corresponding filter coefficient by a plurality of factors according to the level of the timer count, and outputting the multiplied filter coefficient to said convolution calculating means,

said reference levels and said factors being predetermined so that said multiplied filter coefficients which are supplied to said convolution calculation means instead of the filter coefficients, gradually increases from zero to the whole values of the filter coefficients.

31. An adaptive digital filter for estimating a response characteristic of a signal path by monitoring a sampled output signal of said signal path, estimating a predetermined number of filter coefficients which represent the response characteristic of the signal path, and generating an estimated output signal of said signal path using a plurality of successive sampled input signals of the signal path and estimated filter coefficients, wherein an estimation is carried out so that a difference between said output signal and said estimated output signal is reduced, the filter comprising:

an input signal register for holding a plurality of sampled input signals which have been sampled since a predetermined number of cycles before the current time;

a filter coefficient register for holding said predetermined number of filter coefficients which respectively correspond to the plurality of sampled input signals;

a convolution calculating means for calculating a convolution between said input signal and said estimated response characteristic using a plurality of successive sampled input signals which are held in said input signal register, and said estimated filter coefficients which are held in said filter coefficient register;

an error obtaining means for obtaining a difference between said sampled output signal of said signal path and said convolution as an error in said estimation; and

a filter coefficient estimating means for estimating said predetermined number of filter coefficients so that said error is reduced;

said filter coefficient estimating means comprising a filter coefficient renewing means for each of said predetermined number of filter coefficients, for renewing the corresponding filter coefficient in each cycle of sampling, and wherein

said filter coefficient renewing means comprises a dividing means for dividing said sampled input signal by one of said sampled output signals corresponding to the filter coefficient renewing means,

a zero detecting means for determining that said one of said sampled output signals corresponding to the filter coefficient renewing means is below a predetermined level,

an integrating means for integrating the output of the said dividing means so that a component of said filter coefficient corresponding to the filter coefficient renewing means is extracted in an output thereof, and

a stop control means for stopping the operation of said integrating means when said zero detecting means determines that said one of said sampled output signals corresponding to the filter coefficient renewing means is below the predetermined level.

32. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 31, wherein said integrating means comprises a low-pass filter for integrating the output of the said dividing means to extract a component of said filter coefficient corresponding to the filter coefficient renewing means, wherein a low-pass filter coefficient in the low-pass filter is a constant.

33. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 32, wherein said integrating means further comprises a low-pass filter coefficient setting means for setting said low-pass filter coefficient in said low-pass filter,

said low-pass filter coefficient is set to a small value near zero at the beginning of the operation of an echo canceler, and is renewed to be increased with the elapse of time.

34. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 33, wherein the low-pass filter coefficient in said low-pass filter is set to be equal to (n-1)/n where n is an integer, and n is set to be equal to the number of the samples which are counted from the beginning of the operation of the adaptive digital filter for a predetermined time from the beginning of the operation of the adaptive digital filter, and n is renewed so that said low-pass filter coefficient is renewed to be increased with an elapse of time, after a predetermined time.

35. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 32, wherein said integrating means further comprises

an arithmetic average calculating means and low-pass filter coefficient setting means for calculating an arithmetic average of the input signals thereof, wherein said low-pass filter coefficient is set a small value near zero at the beginning of the operation of the echo canceler, and is renewed to be increased with an elapse of time, and

a selecting control means for selecting said arithmetic average calculating means to be used as said integrating means for a predetermined time from the beginning of the operation of the adaptive digital filter, and selecting said low-pass filter to be used as said integrating means after a predetermined time.

36. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 31, wherein m-th filter coefficient renewing means corresponding to m-th filter coefficient, where m is an integer satisfying 1≦

m≦

I where I is equal to said number of the filter coefficients, further comprises,

a sum-of-products calculating means for receiving the output of the convolution calculating means, and obtaining and outputting a sum-of-products Σ

_m H_j (i)X_j (i) where X_j (i) is the sampled input signal which has been sampled (i-1) cycles before the current time j, H_j (i) denotes a filter coefficient corresponding to the sampled input signal X_j (i), and Σ

_m is a summation of all the filter coefficients of the adaptive digital filter except i=m, and

a subtracter which receives said sampled output signal and the output of the convolution calculating means, subtracts the output of the convolution calculating means from said sampled output signal, and

said dividing means receiving the output of the subtracter instead of said sampled output signal.

37. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 36, further comprising a filter coefficient modifying means for modifying the values of the filter coefficients which are supplied to the convolution calculating means.

38. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 37, wherein said filter coefficient modifying means comprises

a comparing means where 1≦

i≦

I and I is the number of the filter coefficients, for each filter coefficient, for receiving said error in said estimation, and comparing the error with a reference level which is predetermined for each filter coefficient, and

a modifying means for outputting zero to said convolution calculating means instead of the corresponding filter coefficient when said error is below said reference level, and outputting the corresponding filter coefficient when said error exceeds said reference level.

39. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 38, wherein each said reference level is preset so that the filter coefficients are supplied to the convolution calculating means in the order of the corresponding sampled input signals which are held in the input signal register, from the newest to the oldest.

40. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 37, wherein said filter coefficient modifying means comprises

a comparing means where 1≦

i≦

I and I is the number of the filter coefficients, for each filter coefficient, for receiving said error in said estimation, and comparing the error with a plurality of reference levels which are predetermined for each filter coefficient, to determine the level of the error, and

a modifying means for multiplying the corresponding filter coefficient by a plurality of factors according to the level of the error, and outputting the multiplied filter coefficient to said convolution calculating means,

said reference levels and said factors being predetermined so that said multiplied filter coefficients which are supplied to said convolution calculation means instead of the filter coefficients, gradually increase from zero to the whole values of the filter coefficients.

41. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 37, wherein said filter coefficient modifying means comprises

a comparing means where 1≦

i≦

I and I is the number of the filter coefficients, for each filter coefficient, for receiving a timer count which indicates an elapse of time from the beginning of the operation of the adaptive digital filter, and comparing the timer count with a reference level which is predetermined for each filter coefficient, and

a modifying means for outputting zero to said convolution calculating means instead of the corresponding filter coefficient when said timer count is below said reference level, and outputting the corresponding filter coefficient when said timer count exceeds said reference level.

42. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 41, wherein each said reference level is preset so that the filter coefficients are supplied to the convolution calculating means in the order of the corresponding sampled input signals which are held in the input signal register, from the newest to the oldest.

43. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 37, wherein said filter coefficient modifying means comprises

a comparing means where 1≦

i≦

I and I is the number of the filter coefficients, for each filter coefficient, for receiving a timer count in said estimation, and comparing the timer count with a plurality of reference levels which are predetermined for each filter coefficient, to determine the level of the timer count, and

a modifying means for multiplying the corresponding filter coefficient by a plurality of factors according to the level of the timer count, and outputting the multiplied filter coefficient to said convolution calculating means,

said reference levels and said factors are predetermined so that said multiplied filter coefficients which are supplied to said convolution calculation means instead of the filter coefficients, gradually increase from zero to the whole values of the filter coefficients.

44. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 31, wherein said divider in each filter coefficient renewing means comprises

a reciprocal calculating means for obtaining a reciprocal of said one of said sampled output signals corresponding to the filter coefficient renewing means, and

a multiplier for multiplying said sampled input signal by the output of the reciprocal calculating means.

45. An adaptive digital filter for estimating a response characteristic of a signal path by monitoring a sampled output signal of said signal path, estimating a predetermined number of filter coefficients which represent the response characteristic of the signal path, and generating an estimated output signal of said signal path using a plurality of successive sampled input signals of the signal path and estimated filter coefficients, wherein an estimation is carried out so that a difference between said output signal and said estimated output signal is reduced, the filter comprising:

an input signal register for holding a plurality of sampled input signals which have been sampled since a predetermined number of cycles before the current time;

a filter coefficient register for holding said predetermined number of filter coefficients which respectively correspond to the plurality of sampled input signals;

a convolution calculating means for calculating a convolution between said input signal and said estimated response characteristic using a plurality of successive sampled input signals which are held in said input signal register, and said estimated filter coefficients which are held in said filter coefficient register;

an error obtaining means for obtaining a difference between said sampled output signal of said signal path and said convolution as an error in said estimation; and

a filter coefficient estimating means for estimating said predetermined number of filter coefficients so that said error is reduced;

said filter coefficient estimating means comprising a filter coefficient renewing means for each of said predetermined number of filter coefficients, for renewing the corresponding filter coefficient in each cycle of sampling, and wherein

m-th filter coefficient renewing means corresponding to m-th filter coefficient, where m is an integer satisfying 1≦

i≦

I where I is equal to said number of filter coefficients, comprises

a low-pass filter for integrating said sampled input signals so that a component of said filter coefficient corresponding to the filter coefficient renewing means is extracted in the output thereof, and

said low-pass filter comprises

a first multiplier for multiplying each of said sampled input signals by a first factor which is equal to K.X_j (m)/r, where K is a coefficient correction constant, X_j (m) is the sampled input signal which have been sampled (m-1) cycles before the current time j, j denotes a number indicating a current time, and r denotes a value for normalizing the first factor,

an adder,

a delay means for delaying an output of said adder, and

a second multiplier for multiplying an output of the delay means by a second factor which is equal to 1-K.X_j (m)² /r,

said adder adding outputs of the first and second multipliers, and the output of the adder becoming the output of said filter coefficient renewing means.

46. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 45, wherein said m-th filter coefficient renewing means further comprises a norm calculation means for calculating a norm ##EQU24## where X_k (m) is the sampled input signal which has been sampled (m-1) cycles before the current time k, n is the maximum number of k in the sampled input signals which are held in the input signal register, and said norm (N_r) is supplied to said first and second multipliers as said value (r).

47. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 46, wherein the number of the sampled input signals which are held in said input signal register is larger than the number of the filter coefficients.

48. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 45, wherein each of said filter coefficient renewing means further comprises a power calculation means for calculating an integrated power of said sampled input signals, where the gain in said power calculation means can be set to a predetermined value.

49. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 48, wherein m-th filter coefficient renewing means corresponding to m-th filter coefficient, where m is an integer satisfying 1≦

m≦

I where I is equal to said number of the filter coefficients, further comprises a power delay means for delaying said integrated power (P_j) by (m-1) cycles to obtain (m-1)-cycle-delayed integrated power (P_j (m)), and the (m-1)-cycle-delayed integrated power (P_j (m)) is supplied to said first and second multipliers as said value (r).

50. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 45, wherein said m-th filter coefficient renewing means corresponding to said m-th filter coefficient, where m is an integer satisfying 1≦

m≦

I where I is equal to said number of the filter coefficients, further comprises

a norm calculation means for calculating a norm ##EQU25## where X_k (m) is the sampled input signal which has been sampled (m-1) cycles before the current time k, n is the maximum number of k in the sampled input signals which are held in the input signal register, and said norm (N_r) is supplied to said first and second multipliers as said value (r) in a first stage of the operation of the adaptive digital filter,

a power calculation means for calculating an integrated power (P_j) of said sampled input signals, where the gain in said power calculation means can be set to a predetermined value, and the integrated power (P_j) is supplied to said first and second multipliers as said value (r) in a second stage of the operation of the adaptive digital filter, and

a power delay means for delaying said integrated power (P_j) by (m-1) cycles to obtain a (m-1)-cycle-delayed integrated power (P_j (m)), and the (m-1)-cycle-delayed integrated power (P_j (m)) is supplied to said first and second multipliers as said value (r) in a third stage of the operation of the adaptive digital filter.

51. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 50, wherein the number of the sampled input signals which are held in said input signal register is larger than the number of the filter coefficients.

52. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 45, wherein said m-th filter coefficient renewing means corresponding to said m-th filter coefficient, where m is an integer satisfying 1≦

m≦

I where I is equal to said number of the filter coefficients, further comprises

a sum-of-products calculating means for receiving the output of the convolution calculating means, and obtaining and outputting a sum-of-products Σ

_m H_j (i)X_j (i) where X_j (i) is the sampled input signal which has been sampled (i-1) cycles before the current time j, H_j (i) denotes a filter coefficient corresponding to the sampled input signal X_j (i), and Σ

_m is a summation of all the filter coefficients of the adaptive digital filter except i=m, and

a subtracter which receives said sampled output signal and the output of the convolution calculating means, and subtracts the output of the convolution calculating means from said sampled output signal, and

said first multiplier receiving the output of the subtracter instead of said sampled output signal.

53. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 52, further comprising a filter coefficient modifying means for modifying the values of the filter coefficients which are supplied to the convolution calculating means.

54. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 53, wherein said filter coefficient modifying means comprises

a comparing means where 1≦

i≦

I and I is the number of the filter coefficients, for each filter coefficient, for receiving said error in said estimation, and comparing the error with a reference level which is predetermined for each filter coefficient, and

a modifying means for outputting zero to said convolution calculating means instead of the corresponding filter coefficient when said error is below said reference level, and outputting the corresponding filter coefficient when said error exceeds said reference level.

55. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 54, wherein each said reference level is preset so that the filter coefficients are supplied to the convolution calculating means in the order of the corresponding sampled input signals which are held in the input signal register, from the newest to the oldest.

56. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 53, wherein said filter coefficient modifying means comprises

a comparing means where 1≦

i≦

I and I is the number of the filter coefficients, for each filter coefficient, for receiving said error in said estimation, and comparing the error with a plurality of reference levels which are predetermined for each filter coefficient, to determine the level of the error, and

a modifying means for multiplying the corresponding filter coefficient by a plurality of factors according to the level of the error, and outputting the multiplied filter coefficient to said convolution calculating means,

said reference levels and said factors being predetermined so that said multiplied filter coefficients which are supplied to said convolution calculation means instead of the filter coefficients, gradually increase from zero to the whole values of the filter coefficients.

57. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 53, wherein said filter coefficient modifying means comprises

a comparing means where 1≦

i≦

I and I is the number of the filter coefficients, for each filter coefficient, for receiving a timer count which indicates an elapse of time from the beginning of the operation of the adaptive digital filter, and comparing the timer count with a reference level which is predetermined for each filter coefficient, and

a modifying means for outputting zero to said convolution calculating means instead of the corresponding filter coefficient when said timer count is below said reference level, and outputting the corresponding filter coefficient when said timer count exceeds said reference level.

58. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 57, wherein each said reference level is preset so that the filter coefficients are supplied to the convolution calculating means in the order of the corresponding sampled input signals which are held in the input signal register, from the newest to the oldest.

59. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 53, wherein said filter coefficient modifying means comprises

a comparing means where 1≦

i≦

I and I is the number of the filter coefficients, for each filter coefficient, for receiving said timer count in said estimation, and comparing the timer count with a plurality of reference levels (Th_i1 to Th_i3) which are predetermined for each filter coefficient, to determine the level of the timer count, and

a modifying means for multiplying the corresponding filter coefficient by a plurality of factors according to the level of the timer count, and outputting the multiplied filter coefficient to said convolution calculating means,

said reference levels and said factors being predetermined so that said multiplied filter coefficients which are supplied to said convolution calculation means instead of the filter coefficients, gradually increase from zero to the whole values of the filter coefficients.

60. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 45, further comprising

a stability condition monitoring means for determining whether or not a stability condition

61. An adaptive digital filter for estimating a response characteristic of a signal path by monitoring a sampled output signal of said signal path, estimating a predetermined number of filter coefficients which represent the response characteristic of the signal path, and generating an estimated output signal of said signal path using a plurality of successive sampled input signals of the signal path and estimated filter coefficients, wherein an estimation is carried out so that a difference between said output signal and said estimated output signal is reduced, the filter comprising:

an input signal register for holding a plurality of sampled input signals which have been sampled since a predetermined number of cycles before the current time;

a filter coefficient register for holding said predetermined number of filter coefficients which respectively correspond to the plurality of sampled input signals;

a convolution calculating means for calculating a convolution between said input signal and said estimated response characteristic using a plurality of successive sampled input signals which are held in said input signal register, and said estimated filter coefficients which are held in said filter coefficient register;

an error obtaining means for obtaining a difference between said sampled output signal of said signal path and said convolution as an error in said estimation; and

a filter coefficient estimating means for estimating said predetermined number of filter coefficients so that said error is reduced;

said filter coefficient estimating means comprising a filter coefficient renewing means for each of said predetermined number of filter coefficients, for renewing the corresponding filter coefficient in each cycle of said sampling, and

said filter coefficient renewing means comprising

a first multiplier for multiplying each of said sampled output signals by a coefficient correction constant (K),

a divider for dividing an output of the first multiplier by a value (r) for normalizing the first factor,

a second multiplier for multiplying an output of the divider by one of the sampled output signals, and

an adder for adding a previously estimated filter coefficient corresponding to the filter coefficient renewing means, to the output of the second multiplier.

62. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 61, wherein said m-th filter coefficient renewing means corresponding to m-th filter coefficient, where m is an integer satisfying 1≦

m≦

I where I is equal to said number of the filter coefficients, further comprises a norm calculation means for calculating a norm ##EQU26## where X_k (m) is the sampled input signal which has been sampled (m-1) cycles before the current time k, n is the maximum number of k in the sampled input signals which are held in the input signal register, and said norm (N_r) is supplied to said divider as said value (r).

63. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 62, wherein the number of the sampled input signals which are held in said input signal register is larger than the number of the filter coefficients.

64. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 61, wherein each of said filter coefficient renewing means further comprises a power calculation means for calculating an integrated power (P_j) of said sampled input signals, where the gain in said power calculation means can be set to a predetermined value.

65. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 64, wherein m-th filter coefficient renewing means corresponding to m-th filter coefficient, where m is an integer satisfying 1≦

m≦

I where I is equal to said number of the filter coefficients, further comprises a power delay means for delaying said integrated power (P_j) by a (m-1) cycles to obtain (m-1)-cycle-delayed integrated power (P_j (m)), and the (m-1)-cycle-delayed integrated power (P_j (m)) is supplied to said divider as said value (r).

66. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 61, wherein m-th filter coefficient renewing means corresponding to m-th filter coefficient, where m is an integer satisfying 1≦

m≦

I where I is equal to said number of the filter coefficients, further comprises

a norm calculation means for calculating a norm ##EQU27## where X_k (m) is the sampled input signal which has been sampled (m-1) cycles before the current time k, n is the maximum number of k in the sampled input signals which are held in the input signal register, and said norm (N_r) is supplied to said divider as said value (r) in a first stage of the operation of the adaptive digital filter,

a power calculation means for calculating an integrated power (P_j) of said sampled input signals, where the gain in said power calculation means can be set to a predetermined value, and the integrated power (P_j) is supplied to said divider in a second stage of the operation of the adaptive digital filter, and

a power delay means for delaying said integrated power (P_j) by (m-1) cycles to obtain a (m-1)-cycle-delayed integrated power (P_j (m)), and the (m-1)-cycle-delayed integrated power (P_j (m)) is supplied to said divider as said value (r) in a third stage of the operation of the adaptive digital filter.

67. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 66, wherein the number of the sampled input signals which are held in said input signal register is larger than the number of the filter coefficients.

68. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 61, wherein each of said filter coefficient renewing means further comprises,

a subtracter which receives said sampled output signal and the output of the convolution calculating means, and subtracts the output of the convolution calculating means from said sampled output signal, and

said first multiplier receiving the output of the subtracter instead of said sampled output signal.

69. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 68, further comprising a filter coefficient modifying means for modifying the values of the filter coefficients which are supplied to the convolution calculating means.

70. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 69, wherein said filter coefficient modifying means comprises

a comparing means where 1≦

i≦

I and I is the number of the filter coefficients, for each filter coefficient, for receiving said error in said estimation, and comparing the error with a reference level which is predetermined for each filter coefficient, and

a modifying means for outputting zero to said convolution calculating means instead of the corresponding filter coefficient when said error is below said reference level, and outputting the corresponding filter coefficient when said error exceeds said reference level.

71. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 70, wherein said each reference level is preset so that the filter coefficients are supplied to the convolution calculating means in the order of the corresponding sampled input signals which are held in the input signal register, from the newest to the oldest.

72. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 69, wherein said filter coefficient modifying means comprises

a comparing means where 1≦

i≦

I and I is the number of the filter coefficients, for each filter coefficient, for receiving said error in said estimation, and comparing the error with a plurality of reference levels which are predetermined for each filter coefficient, to determine the level of the error, and

a modifying means for multiplying the corresponding filter coefficient by a plurality of factors according to the level of the error, and outputting the multiplied filter coefficient to said convolution calculating means,

said reference levels and said factors being predetermined so that said multiplied filter coefficients which are supplied to said convolution calculation means instead of the filter coefficients, gradually increase from zero to the whole values of the filter coefficients.

73. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 69, wherein said filter coefficient modifying means comprises

a comparing means where 1≦

i≦

I and I is the number of the filter coefficients, for each filter coefficient, for receiving a timer count which indicates an elapse of time from the beginning of the operation of the adaptive digital filter, and comparing the timer count with a reference level which is predetermined for each filter coefficient, and

a modifying means for outputting zero to said convolution calculating means instead of the corresponding filter coefficient when said timer count is below said reference level, and outputting the corresponding filter coefficient when said timer count exceeds said reference level.

74. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 73, wherein each said reference level is preset so that the filter coefficients are supplied to the convolution calculating means in the order of the corresponding sampled input signals which are held in the input signal register, from the newest to the oldest.

75. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 69, wherein said filter coefficient modifying means comprises

a comparing means where 1≦

i≦

I and I is the number of the filter coefficients, for each filter coefficient, for receiving said timer count in said estimation, and comparing the timer count with a plurality of reference levels which are predetermined for each filter coefficient, to determine the level of the timer count, and

a modifying means for multiplying the corresponding filter coefficient by a plurality of factors according to the level of the timer count, and outputting the multiplied filter coefficient to said convolution calculating means,

said reference levels and said factors being predetermined so that said multiplied filter coefficients which are supplied to said convolution calculation means instead of the filter coefficients, gradually increase from zero to the whole values of the filter coefficients.

76. An adaptive digital filter according to claim 61, further comprising

a stability condition monitoring means for determining whether or not a stability condition