Method and apparatus for imaging electrical activity in a biological system
First Claim
1. Method for imaging electrical activity in a biological system comprising:
- applying an array of electrodes to a surface of the biological system to generate signals;
processing the signals from the electrodes to compute a surface differential of the surface potential at a multiplicity of spatial locations within a given time epoch;
repeating the processing for multiple sequential time epochs;
constructing a two-dimensional projection image of the electrical activity from the surface differential of the surface potential for sequential time epochs; and
displaying sequential images corresponding to sequential time epochs.
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Abstract
An array of electrodes is applied to an internal or external surface of a biological system such as a human being. The electrodes generate signals which are processed to compute a surface differential of the surface potential at a multiplicity of spatial locations within a given time epoch. The signal processing is repeated for multiple sequential time epochs and an image is constructed from the surface differential of the surface potential for each time epoch. Thereafter, the sequential images corresponding to sequential time epochs are displayed. The two-dimensional image changes as the distribution of bioelectric sources evolves so as to provide a motion picture of electrical activity.
69 Citations
67 Claims
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1. Method for imaging electrical activity in a biological system comprising:
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applying an array of electrodes to a surface of the biological system to generate signals; processing the signals from the electrodes to compute a surface differential of the surface potential at a multiplicity of spatial locations within a given time epoch; repeating the processing for multiple sequential time epochs; constructing a two-dimensional projection image of the electrical activity from the surface differential of the surface potential for sequential time epochs; and displaying sequential images corresponding to sequential time epochs. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 50, 51, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67)
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21. Apparatus for imaging electrical activity in a biological system comprising:
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an array of electrodes adapted to be applied to a surface of the biological system; apparatus for processing the signals from the electrodes to compute a surface differential of the surface potential at a multipicity of spatial locations within a given time epoch and repeating this processing for multiple sequential time epochs, the apparatus further adapted to construct a two-dimensional projection image of the electrical activity from the surface differential of the surface potential for sequential time epochs; and display apparatus for displaying sequential images corresponding to sequential time epochs. - View Dependent Claims (22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 52, 53)
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41. Method for imaging electrical activity in a biological system comprising:
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applying an array of electrodes to an external surface of the biological system; processing the signals recorded from the electrodes to compute a surface differential of the surface potential at a multiplicity of spatial locations substantially simultaneously; and constructing a two-dimensional projection image of the electrical activity from the surface differential of the surface potential. - View Dependent Claims (42, 43, 44, 45, 46)
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47. Apparatus for imaging electrical activity in a biological system comprising:
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an array of electrodes for application to an external surface of the biological system; apparatus for processing the signals from the electrodes to compute a surface differential of the surface potential at a multiplicity of spatial locations substantially simultaneously; and apparatus for constructing an image from the surface differential of the surface potential. - View Dependent Claims (48, 49)
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54. Method for imaging electrical activity originating in a heart comprising:
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applying an array of electrodes to a surface for receiving electrical signals from the heart; processing the signals from the electrodes to compute a surface differential of the surface potential at a multiplicity of spatial locations within a given time epoch; repeating the processing for multiple sequential time epochs; constructing an image from the surface differential of the surface potential for sequential time epochs; and displaying the sequential images corresponding to sequential time epochs.
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55. Apparatus for imaging electrical activity originating in a heart comprising:
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an array of electrodes adapted to be applied to a surface for receiving electrical signals from the heart; apparatus for processing the signals from the electrodes to compute a surface differential of the surface potential at a multiplicity of spatial locations within a time epoch and repeating this processing for multiple sequential time epochs, the apparatus further adapted to construct an image from the surface differential of the surface potential for sequential time epochs; and display apparatus for displaying sequential images corresponding to sequential time epochs.
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56. Method for imaging electrical activity originating in a heart comprising:
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applying an array of electrodes to an external surface; processing the signals recorded from the electrodes to compute a surface differential of the surface potential at a multiplicity of spatial locations substantially simultaneously; and constructing an image from the surface differential of the surface potential.
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57. Apparatus for imaging electrical activity originating in a heart comprising;
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an array of electrodes adapted to be applied to an external surface; apparatus for processing the signals from the electrodes to compute a surface differential of the surface potential at a multiplicity of spatial locations substantially simultaneously; and apparatus for constructing an image from the surface differential of the surface potential.
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58. Method for recording electrical activity on a surface comprising:
applying an array of bipolar electrodes to a surface, the electrodes having an outer ring conductor and a separate central conductor whereby the two-dimensional Laplacian of the surface potential is obtained.
Specification