High energy electrochemical cell having composite solid-state anode
First Claim
Patent Images
1. An improved composite anode for high rate non-aqueous electrochemical cells including both primary and secondary cells comprising:
- (a) a reversible lithium intercalation material selected from transition metal chalcogenides having a metastable phase when contacted with lithium and the ability to reversibly transport lithium ions and having the general formula;
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">Li.sub.x M.sub.a X.sub.bwhereM is selected from transition metals having a reversible lithium insertion ability and a relatively low potential vs. lithium,X is selected from O, S, and Se,x, a and b are numbers representing relative combining rations where
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(b) an amount of material selected from lithium or a lithium alloy or combinations thereof;
(c) wherein the node intercalation material is disposed to function as an intermediary ion transport medium between the lithium or lithium alloy and an electrolyte.
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Abstract
Composite anodes are disclosed which consist of composites comprising lithium or lithium anode substrate in combination with one or more lithium insertion compounds consisting of transition metal chalcogenides or oxides as a coating or dispersion. Both primary and secondary cells utilizing these anodes are described.
171 Citations
27 Claims
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1. An improved composite anode for high rate non-aqueous electrochemical cells including both primary and secondary cells comprising:
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(a) a reversible lithium intercalation material selected from transition metal chalcogenides having a metastable phase when contacted with lithium and the ability to reversibly transport lithium ions and having the general formula;
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">Li.sub.x M.sub.a X.sub.bwhere M is selected from transition metals having a reversible lithium insertion ability and a relatively low potential vs. lithium, X is selected from O, S, and Se, x, a and b are numbers representing relative combining rations where
space="preserve" listing-type="equation"><
x<
9
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">0.5≦
a≦
6 and
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">1.0≦
b≦
9;(b) an amount of material selected from lithium or a lithium alloy or combinations thereof; (c) wherein the node intercalation material is disposed to function as an intermediary ion transport medium between the lithium or lithium alloy and an electrolyte. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12)
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13. An electrochemical cell comprising:
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(a) a composite anode consisting of; a reversible lithium intercalation material selected from transition metal chalcogenides having a metastable phase when contacted with lithium and the ability to reversibly transport lithium ions and having the general formula;
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">Li.sub.x M.sub.a X.sub.bwhere M is selected from transition metals having a reversible lithium insertion ability and relatively low potential vs. lithium, X is selected from O, S, and Se, x, a and b are numbers representing relative combining ratios where
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">0<
x<
9
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">0.5≦
a≦
6 and
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">1.0≦
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9;an amount of lithium, lithium alloy or a combination thereof, wherein the anode intercalation material is disposed to function as an intermediary ion transport medium to minimize direct contact between the lithium or lithium alloy and an electrolyte; (b) a compatible cathode having a cathode active material and a current collector; and (c) an electrolyte system. - View Dependent Claims (14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23, 25)
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19. An active metal non-aqueous electrochemical cell comprising:
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(a) a composite anode further comprising; an amount of first material consisting essentially of reversible lithium intercalation material selected from transition metal chalcogenides having a metastable phase when contacted with lithium and the ability to reversibly transport lithium ions and having the general formula;
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">Li.sub.x M.sub.a X.sub.bwhere M is selected from transition metals having a reversible lithium insertion ability and the relatively low potential vs. lithium, X is selected from O, S, and Se, x, a and b are numbers representing relative combining ratios where
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">0<
x<
9
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">0.5≦
a≦
6 and
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">1.0≦
b≦
9;an amount of a second material consisting essentially of lithium, lithium alloy or a combination thereof, wherein the anode intercalation material functions as an intermediary ion transport medium to minimize direct contact between the lithium or lithium alloy and an electrolyte, and wherein the first and second materials are disposed to form separate layers or combine as a dispersion of the second material in the first configured as a distinct layer; (b) a cathode having a cathode active material comprising a third material int he form of a reversible lithium intercalation compound compatible with that of the anode; and (c) a non-aqueous electrolyte system. - View Dependent Claims (20, 24, 26, 27)
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Specification