Brain resuscitation device and method for performing the same

• US 5,149,321 A
• Filed: 10/10/1990
• Issued: 09/22/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 10/10/1990
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Organ Recovery Systems, Inc. (Shanghai Genext Medical Technology Co., Ltd.)
• Original Assignee: Robert M. Goldman, Ronald M. Klatz
• Inventors: Klatz, Ronald M., Goldman, Robert M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Grieb, William H.
• Application Number:
  US07/595,387
• Time in Patent Office: 713 Days
• Field of Search: 604/24, 604/26, 604/29, 604/49, 604/52
• US Class Current: 604/500
• CPC Class Codes: A01N 1/02 Preservation of living parts
• CPC Class Codes: A01N 1/0247 for perfusion, i.e. for circulating fluid through organs, blood vessels or other living parts
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 16/00 Devices specially adapted for vivisection or autopsy similar devices for medical purposes, see the relevant groups for such devices ; autopsy tables A61G13/0027
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/00 Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes stimulating the respiratory movement by mechanical, pneumatic or electrical means, iron lungs combined with gas breathing means A61H31/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/0054 Liquid ventilation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/022 Control means therefor
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2202/0476 Oxygenated solutions
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2210/0693 Brain, cerebrum
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/14 Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/113 in other functional devices, e.g. dialysers or heart-lung machines
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/38 Blood oxygenation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/538 Regulation using real-time blood pump operational parameter data, e.g. motor current
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/546 of blood flow, e.g. by adapting rotor speed
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/554 of blood pressure
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/585 User interfaces
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 25/00 Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 9/00 Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 9/10 for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for resuscitating the brain as a result of ischemic and anoxic injuries whereby the patient survives neurologically intact. The method includes the steps of catheterizing the patient'"'"'s circulatory system and introducing a temperature controlled solution to cool the brain to a coma and a state of hypothermic shock, further driving the brain into a submetabolic coma, oxygenating the brain and inhibiting free radical damage, and continuing additional efforts at life support. The temperature controlled brain resuscitation solution includes barbituates, perfluorocarbons, antioxidants, brain and neurologic tissue damage reversing and protecting agents, carrier vehicles, diluents, nutrients, and anti-coagulating agents. A device which performs this method is also disclosed. This device includes a fluid reservoir, an oxygen tank, a heat exchanger and removable catheter lines.

Claims

1. A method of treating anoxic or ischemic brain and associated nervous tissue injury comprising:

a. establishing an artificial circulation in a patient'"'"'s circulatory system by cathertizing said patient at an injection point;

b. driving the brain into a comatose state by introducing barbiturates through said catheter;

c. oxygenating the brain by introducing oxygen carrying agents through said catheter;

d. lowering the brain temperature by introducing cooled fluid through said catheter, said cooled fluid being at a temperature below body temperature;

e. inhibiting free radical damage by introducing free radical scavengers through said catheter;

whereby metabolic rates of said tissues are slowed during treatment and said patient remains substantially neurologically intact.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein said method involves the initial step of applying means to said patient for shunting all effective cardiac output away from the lower extremities and lower abdomen to the internal organs including the heart and the brain.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein said method further involves the step of introducing nervous tissue protecting agents and damage reversing agents through said catheter.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein said injection point is at least one blood vessel.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein said blood vessel is at least one carotid artery.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein said artificial circulation establishing step further includes using a balloon catheter with a valve at a distal point on said catheter, and inflating said balloon once said catheter is completely inserted into said external carotid artery to block said external carotid artery, limiting reverse blood flow through said blood vessel toward the heart.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein said oxygen carrying agents include perfluorocarbons.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein said fluid is cooled to approximately 40 degrees Fahrenheit.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein said free radical scavengers include antioxidants.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein said antioxidants comprise:

Vitamin A, Vitamin B, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, Cystine, Cysteine, BHT, BHA and Hydergine.

11. The method of claim 3, wherein said protecting and reversing agents include Lazaroids.

12. A method of treating anoxic and/or ischemic brain and associated nervous tissue injury comprising:

a. providing a solution including barbiturates, free radical scavengers and oxygen carrying agents;

b. oxygenating said solution;

c. cooling said solution to a temperature substantially below body temperature;

d. introducing said solution into a patient at an injection point within said patient'"'"'s body;

whereby metabolic rates of said nervous tissues are slowed during treatment.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein said method involves the initial step of applying means to said patient for shunting all effective cardiac output away from the lower extremities and lower abdomen to the internal organs including the heart and the brain.

14. The method of claim 12, wherein injection step further includes providing said solution with nervous tissue protecting agents and nervous tissue damage reversing agents.

15. The method of claim 12, wherein said oxygen carrying agents include perfluorocarbons.

16. The method of claim 12, wherein said injection point is at least one blood vessel whereby said solution uses the circulatory system in moving to the brain.

17. The method of claim 12, further including the step of employing a balloon catheter with a distal end valve, said catheter limiting reverse blood flow through the blood vessel toward the heart.

18. The method of claim 12, wherein said free radicals scavengers include the antioxidants:

Vitamin A, Vitamin B, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, Cystine, Cysteine, BHT, BHA, and Hydergine.

19. The method of claim 12, wherein said solution is cooled to approximately 40 degrees Fahrenheit.

20. The method of claim 14, wherein said nervous tissue protecting agents and said nervous tissue damage reversing agents include Lazaroids.

21. A method of treating anoxic and/or ischemic brain and associated nervous tissue injury comprising:

a. providing a portable brain resuscitation device including;

i. at least one fluid reservoir containing brain resuscitation solution;

ii. oxygenating means in fluid communication with said reservoir;

iii. means for controlling the temperature of said resuscitation solution, said temperature controlling means being in fluid communication with said reservoir;

iv. injection means for moving said solution from said device to a patient, said injecting means being removably attached to said portable brain resuscitation device at a point in communication with said temperature adjusting means;

b. cooling said brain resuscitation solution to substantially below body temperature so as to slow the metabolic rate of the brain and associated nervous tissues;

c. injecting said cooled fluid into an injection point along the patient'"'"'s circulatory system.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein said method involves the initial step of applying means to a patient for shunting all effective cardiac output away from the lower extremities and lower abdomen to the internal organs including the heart and the brain.

23. The method of claim 21, wherein said oxygenating means includes an oxygenator.

24. The method of claim 21, wherein said temperature controlling means includes a heat exchanger.

25. The method of claim 21, wherein said injecting means includes a balloon catheter with a valve at its distal end.

26. The method of claim 21, wherein said injection point is at least one blood vessel.

27. The method of claim 21, wherein said solution is cooled to approximately 40 degrees Fahrenheit, so as to hypothermically shock the brain and associated neurologic tissues.

28. The method of claim 21, wherein said brain resuscitation solution comprises:

a. barbiturates, in an amount effective to induce a coma in the brain and associated nervous tissues, whereby metabolic rates of said tissues are slowed;

b. oxygen carrying agents in an amount effective to transport oxygen to the brain and associated nervous tissues; and

c. free radical scavengers, in an amount effective to reverse the oxidative state and inhibit free radical production within said tissues.

29. The method of claim 28 wherein said brain resuscitation fluid additionally comprises an effective amount of nervous tissue protecting and nervous tissue damage reversing agents.

30. The method of claim 28 wherein said oxygen carrying agents include perfluorocarbons.

31. The method of claim 28 wherein said free radicals scavengers include antioxidants.

32. The method of claim 31, wherein said antioxidants comprise:

Vitamin A, Vitamin B, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, Cystine, Cysteine, BHT, BHA, and Hydergine.

33. The method of claim 29, wherein said nervous tissue protecting and nervous tissue damage reversing agents include Lazaroids.