Propellant material
First Claim
1. A propellant, consisting of:
- a binder/reducing agent having hydrocarbyl linkages including --CH2 --,a first oxidizing material formed from an inorganic lead oxidizer salt, anda second oxidizing material containing oxygen and at least one element other than lead,the first and second oxidizing materials and the binder/reducing agent being provided in relative percentages by weight, and being combustible at temperatures below the temperature of vaporized lead, to obtain a reduction of the first oxidizing material substantially only to lead oxide, (Pbo), and not lead, during the combustion of the propellant at temperatures below the temperature of vaporized lead.
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Accused Products
Abstract
A solid propellant acts in a chamber to propel a member such as a rocket, the chamber being closed to the atmosphere. The propellant provides high density-impulses and, when combusted, produces end products which do not have any deleterious effects. The propellant includes a binder/reducing agent having hydrocarbyl linkages including --CH2 -- and a lead compound oxidizer formed from an inorganic lead oxidizer salt. The oxidizer has dense characteristics and stable properties at ambient temperatures and through a range of temperatures above ambient. A second oxidizer made from a metallic salt (not including lead) such as potassium perchlorate may also be included in the propellant. Carbon, preferably in particulate form, may also be included in the mixture as an additional reducing agent. The different materials are included in the propellant in relative amounts by weight to reduce the lead salt in the oxidizer to lead oxide. The oxidizing material may be included in the propellant in the range of approximately eighty four percent (84%) to ninety one percent (91%) by weight, the hydrocarbon in the range of approximately eight percent (8%) to ten percent (10%) by weight and the carbon in the range of approximately zero percent (0%) to eight percent (8%) by weight. The lead compound oxidizer is reduced in the propellant to lead oxide. The carbon may be oxidized in the propellant to carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide.
19 Citations
49 Claims
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1. A propellant, consisting of:
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a binder/reducing agent having hydrocarbyl linkages including --CH2 --, a first oxidizing material formed from an inorganic lead oxidizer salt, and a second oxidizing material containing oxygen and at least one element other than lead, the first and second oxidizing materials and the binder/reducing agent being provided in relative percentages by weight, and being combustible at temperatures below the temperature of vaporized lead, to obtain a reduction of the first oxidizing material substantially only to lead oxide, (Pbo), and not lead, during the combustion of the propellant at temperatures below the temperature of vaporized lead. - View Dependent Claims (3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 31, 43)
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2. A propellant, consisting of:
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a binder/reducing agent having hydrocarbyl linkages including --CH2 --, a first oxidizing material formed from an inorganic lead oxidizer salt, a second oxidizing material containing oxygen and at least one element other than lead, the first and second oxidizing materials and the binder/reducing agent being provided in relative percentages by weight, and being combustible at temperatures below the temperature of vaporized lead, to obtain a reduction of the first oxidizing material substantially only to lead oxide, (Pbo), and not lead, during the combustion of the propellant at temperatures below the temperature of vaporized lead, and carbon as an additional reducing agent. - View Dependent Claims (5, 44)
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9. A propellant consisting of,
lead nitrate as an oxidizer, potassium perchlorate as an oxidizer, a binder/reducing agent having hydrocarbyl linkages including --CH2 --, the relative amounts of the lead nitrate, the potassium perchlorate and the binder/reducing agent being selected to obtain the combustion of such materials at temperatures below the temperature of vaporized lead and the reduction of the lead nitrate substantially only to lead oxide (Pbo), and not lead, during the combustion of the propellant at the temperatures below the temperature of vaporized lead.
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13. A propellant consisting of,
lead nitrate as an oxidizer, a binder/reducing agent having hydrocarbyl linkages including --CH2 --, the relative amounts of the lead nitrate and the binder/reducing agent being selected to obtain the combustion of such materials at temperatures below the temperature of vaporized lead and the reduction of the lead nitrate substantially only to lead oxide (Pbo), and not lead, during the combustion of the propellant at the temperatures below the temperature of vaporized lead, and carbon as an additional reducing agent.
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15. A propellant consisting of,
a binder/reducing agent having hydrocarbyl linkages including --CH2 --, a lead compound oxidizer formed from inorganic lead oxidizer salts and having dense characteristics and stable properties at ambient temperatures and through a particular range of temperatures above ambient temperatures, and a second oxidizer containing oxygen and an element other than lead, the binder/reducing agent, the lead compound oxidizer and the second oxidizer being provided with relative percentages by weight, and being combustible at temperatures below the temperature of vaporized lead, to reduce the lead compound oxidizer substantially only to lead oxide (Pbo), and not lead, during the combustion of the propellant at the temperature below the temperature of vaporized lead.
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19. A propellant consisting of,
a binder/reducing agent having hydrocarbyl linkages including --CH2 --, a lead compound oxidizer formed from inorganic lead oxidizer salts and having dense characteristics and stable properties at ambient temperatures and through a particular range of temperatures above ambient temperatures, and a second oxidizer containing oxygen and an element other than lead, the binder/reducing agent, the lead compound oxidizer and the second oxidizer being provided with relative percentages by weight, and being combustible at temperatures below the temperature of vaporized lead, to reduce the lead compound oxidizer substantially only to lead oxide (Pbo), and not lead, during the combustion of the propellant at the temperatures below the temperature of vaporized lead, the second oxidizer being an inorganic salt, the lead compound oxidizer being selected from the group consisting of lead nitrate, lead peroxide and lead iodate, and carbon being included as an additional reducing agent.
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20. A propellant, consisting of
a binder/reducing agent having hydrocarbyl linkages including --CH2 --, and a lead compound oxidizer formed from an inorganic lead oxidizer salt and having dense characteristics and stable properties at ambient temperatures and through a particular range of temperatures above ambient temperatures, the binder/reducing agent and the lead compound oxidizer having relative percentages by weight in the combination, and being combustible at temperatures below the temperature of vaporized lead, to reduce the lad compound oxidizer substantially only to lead oxide (Pbo), and not lead, during the combustion of the propellant at the temperatures below the temperatures of vaporized lead.
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22. A propellant, consisting of
a binder/reducing agent having hydrocarbyl linkages including --CH2 --, and a lead compound oxidizer formed from an inorganic lead oxidizer salt and having sense characteristics and stable properties at ambient temperatures and through a particular range of temperatures above ambient temperatures, the binder/reducing agent and the lead compound oxidizer having relative percentages by weight in the combination, and being combustible at temperatures below the temperature of vaporized lead, to reduce the lead compound oxidizer substantially only to lead oxide (Pbo), and not lead, during the combustion of the propellant at the temperatures below the temperatures of vaporized lead, and carbon as an additional reducing agent.
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27. A propellant, consisting of
a binder/reducing agent having hydrocarbyl linkages including --CH2 --, and lead nitrate, the binder/reducing agent and the lead nitrate having relative proportions by weight, and being combustible at temperatures below the temperature of vaporized led, to reduce the lad nitrate substantially only to lead oxide (Pbo), and not lead, during the combustion of the propellant at the temperature below the temperature of vaporized lead.
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28. A propellant, consisting of
a binder/reducing agent having hydrocarbyl linkages including --CH2 --, and lead nitrate, the binder/reducing agent and the lead nitrate having relative proportions by weight, and being combustible at temperatures below the temperature of vaporized lead, to reduce the lead nitrate substantially only to lead oxide (Pbo), and not lead, during the combustion of the propellant at the temperature below the temperature of vaporized lead, and carbon as an additional reducing agent.
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35. A propellant, consisting of
a binder/reducing agent having hydrocarbyl linkages including --CH2 --, and a compound formed from an inorganic lead oxidizer salt and serving as an oxidizing agent, the binder/reducing agent and the compound formed from the inorganic lead oxidizer salt having relative proportions by weight, and being combustible at temperatures below the temperature of vaporized lead, to reduce the compound formed from the inorganic lead oxidizer salt substantially only to lead oxide (Pbo), and not lead, during the combustion of the propellant at the temperatures below the temperature of vaporized lead.
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37. A propellant, consisting of
a binder/reducing agent having hydrocarbyl linkages including --CH2 --, and a compound formed from an inorganic lead oxidizer salt and serving as an oxidizing agent, the binder/reducing agent and the compound formed from the inorganic lead oxidizer salt having relative proportions by weight, and being combustible at temperatures below the temperature of vaporized lead, to reduce the compound formed from the inorganic lead oxidizer salt substantially only to lead oxide (Pbo), and not lead, during the combustion of the propellant at the temperatures below the temperature of vaporized lead, and carbon included as an additional reducing agent.
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38. A propellant, consisting of
a binder/reducing agent having hydrocarbyl linkages including --CH2 --, and a compound formed from an inorganic lead oxidizer salt and serving as an oxidizing agent, the binder/reducing agent and the compound formed from the inorganic lead oxidizer salt having relative proportions by weight and being combustible at temperatures below the temperature of vaporized lead to reduce the inorganic lead oxidizer salt substantially only to lead oxide (Pbo), and not lead, during the combustion of the propellant at the temperatures below the temperature of vaporized lead, the relative amount of the binder/reducing agent by moles being approximately two and one-half (21/2) times greater than the relative amount of the lead-oxygen compound by moles, and carbon as an additional reducing agent in substantially the same relative amount as the binder/reducing agent by moles.
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41. A propellant, consisting of
a binder/reducing agent having hydrocarbyl linkages including --CH2 --, a compound formed from an inorganic lead oxidizer salt and serving as an oxidizing agent, the binder/reducing agent and the compound formed from the inorganic lead oxidizer salt having relative proportions by weight, and being combustible at temperatures below the temperature of vaporized lead, to reduce the lad-oxygen compound substantially only to lead oxide (Pbo), and not lead, during the combustion of the propellant at the temperatures below the temperature of vaporized lead, and and an additional oxidizer containing oxygen and a particular element other than lead.
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42. A propellant, consisting of
a binder/reducing agent having hydrocarbyl linkages including --CH2 --, a compound formed from an inorganic lead oxidizer salt and serving as an oxidizing agent, the binder/reducing agent and the compound formed from the inorganic lead oxidizer salt having relative proportions by weight, and being combustible at temperatures below the temperature of vaporized lead, to reduce the lead-oxygen compound substantially only to lead oxide (Pbo), and not lead, during the combustion of the propellant at the temperatures below the temperature of vaporized lead, an additional oxidizer containing oxygen and a particular element other than lead, and carbon as an additional reducing agent.
Specification