Electrostatic capacitance sensing circuit

• US 5,150,062 A
• Filed: 01/02/1991
• Issued: 09/22/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 01/02/1991
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
• Inventors: Takeuchi, Kiyoshi
• Primary Examiner(s): Wieder, Kenneth A.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Solis, Jose M.
• Application Number:
  US07/634,240
• Time in Patent Office: 629 Days
• Field of Search: 324/668, 324/675, 324/682, 73/304 C, 340/620
• US Class Current: 324/675
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 27/221 by investigating the dielectric properties using microwaves G01N22/00; measuring loss factors or dielectric constants per se G01R27/26
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 27/2605 Measuring capacitance capacitive sensors G01D5/24

Abstract

The electrostatic capacitance sensing circuit comprises a resonance circuit composed of an electrode capacitance formed by a substance to be measured and sandwiched between two opposing electrode plates and an inductance at least part of which is connected in parallel to the electrode capacitance; an active element (e.g. transistor) for constituting an oscillator in cooperation with the resonance circuit; and in particular a capacitor connected between the resonance circuit and the active element. Since a dc bias voltage of the active element is substantially not applied to the electrode plates, it is possible to prevent electrolytic corrosion of the electrode plates due to electromotive force generated between the electrode plates when ions are resolved into the substance to be measured and therefore the substance changes to an electrolytic solution.

Claims

1. An electrostatic capacitance sensing circuit, comprising;

(a) resonance means having an electrode capacitance formed by a substance to be measured, a corrosion preventing capacitor for preventing electrolytic corrosion connected in series with the electrode capacitance with respect to a junction point, and an inductance connected to the electrode capacitance and said corrosion preventing capacitor via said junction point;

(b) active element means oscillating at a resonance frequency predetermined by said resonance means; and

(c) capacitive coupling means connected between said junction point of the inductance and the corrosion preventing capacitor and said active element means to prevent a DC voltage from being applied to the electrode capacitance.

2. The electrostatic capacitance sensing circuit of claim 1, wherein said resonance means comprises:

(a) a vessel; and

(b) a pair of opposing electrode plates for sandwiching a substance to be measured therebetween within said vessel.

3. The electrostatic capacitance sensing circuit of claim 1, wherein said resonance means is a parallel resonance circuit in which the capacitance and the inductance are connected in parallel to each other with respect to said junction point.

5. The electrostatic capacitance sensing circuit of claim 1, wherein said resonance means is connected to a feedback loop of said active element means via said capacitive coupling means.

6. The electrostatic capacitance sensing circuit of claim 1, which further comprises a frequency-voltage convertor connected to said active element means.

7. The electrostatic capacitance sensing circuit of claim 6, wherein said frequency-voltage convertor comprises:

(a) a waveform shaper for waveform-shaping an oscillation signal of said active element means;

(b) a divider for dividing the frequency of the waveformed shaped oscillation signal;

(c) a monostable multivibrator for outputting a pulse signal whose duly ratio varies according to the frequency of the oscillation signal; and

(d) an integrator for integrating the pulse signal outputted from the monostable multivibrator to generate a dc signal whose voltage level is roughly proportional to the frequency of the oscillation signal.

8. The electrostatic capacitance sensing circuit of claim 7, wherein said frequency-voltage convertor is connected to said active element means via a capacitor.

9. The electrostatic capacitance sensing circuit of claim 7, wherein said frequency-voltage convertor is connected to said active element means via an inductor.

4. An electrostatic capacitance sensing circuit, comprising:

(a) resonance means having an electrode capacitance formed by a substance to be measured, a corrosion preventing capacitor for preventing electrolytic corrosion connected in series with the electrode capacitance, and an inductance connected to the electrode capacitance and said corrosion preventing capacitor;

(b) active element means oscillating at a resonance frequency determined by said resonance means; and

(c) capacitive coupling means connected between an intermediate tap of said inductance and said active element means to prevent a DC voltage from being applied to the electrode capacitance.

10. The electrostatic capacitance sensing circuit of claim 4, wherein said resonance means is a series resonance circuit in which the capacitance and inductance are connected substantially in series with each other.

11. The electrostatic capacitance sensing circuit of claim 4, wherein said resonance means is connected to a feedback loop of said active element means via said capacitive coupling means.

12. The electrostatic capacitance sensing circuit of claim 4, which further comprises a frequency-voltage converter connected to said active element means.

13. The electrostatic capacitance sensing circuit of claim 12, wherein said frequency-voltage convertor comprises:

(a) a waveform shaper for waveform-shaping an oscillation signal of said active element means;

(b) a divider for dividing the frequency of the waveformed shaped oscillation signal;

(c) a monostable multivibrator for outputting a pulse signal whose duty ratio varies according to the frequency of the oscillation signal; and

(d) an integrator for integrating the pulse outputted from the monostable multivibrator to generate a dc signal whose voltage level is roughly proportional to the frequency of the oscillation signal.

14. The electrostatic capacitance sensing circuit of claim 13, wherein said frequency-voltage convertor is connected to said active element means via an inductor.

15. The electrostatic capacitance sensing circuit of claim 13, wherein said frequency-voltage convertor is connected to said active element means via an inductor.