Triggering technique for multi-electrode spark gap switch

• US 5,153,460 A
• Filed: 03/25/1991
• Issued: 10/06/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 03/25/1991
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army (Government of the United States of America)
• Original Assignee: The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army
• Inventors: Bovino, Lawrence J., Wright, William H. Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): Gaffin, Jeffrey A.
• Application Number:
  US07/673,916
• Time in Patent Office: 561 Days
• Field of Search: 307/106, 307/108, 307/117, 307/112, 307/113, 361/120, 361/130
• US Class Current: 307/108
• CPC Class Codes: H01J 17/46 for preventing and then permitting ignition but thereafter having no control
• CPC Class Codes: H01T 2/00 Spark gaps comprising auxiliary triggering means triggering circuits H01T15/00
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 174/17 in an electric power conversion, regulation, or protection system
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 174/23 in a circuit breaker, relay, or switch

Abstract

A spark gap switch having a mid-plane or triggering electrode is brought o a conductive state using a photoconductive switch or other suitable switch, closed by a laser pulse on other pulsed light source. The photoconductive switch is connected between one of the primary electrodes and the mid-plane electrode and brings the potential of the mid-plane electrode to the same potential as the primary electrode when the photoconductive switch is closed. The use of the photoconductive switch permits shorter closing times and eliminates the need for high voltage auxiliary triggering circuits. Plural photoconductive switches, which are triggered in a precise predetermined sequence, improve the operation of Marx generators and other multi-spark gap switch applications.

Claims

1. A spark gap switch comprising:

a pair of primary electrodes, biased to a predetermined potential;

at least one mid-plane electrode biased at a predetermined intermediate potential; and

pull down means connected between one of said primary electrodes and said mid-plane electrode, for adjusting a potential on said mid-plane electrode to be approximately equal to that of one primary electrode.

2. The spark gap switch as in claim 1 wherein said pull down means comprises a photoconductive switch.

3. The spark gap switch as in claim 2 wherein said photoconductive switch is responsive to a pulsed light source.

4. The spark gap switch as in claim 3 wherein said pulsed light source is a laser.

5. The spark gap switches in claim 2, further comprising biasing resistors connected between said mid-plane electrode and each of said primary electrodes.

6. A method for triggering a spark gap switch having first and second primary electrodes and at least one mid-plane electrode, the method comprising the steps of:

biasing said primary electrodes to a predetermined potential;

biasing said mid-plane electrode to a predetermined intermediate potential; and

adjusting said predetermined intermediate potential on said mid-plane electrode to be approximately equal to a potential on a first primary electrode, whereby current flows between said primary electrodes.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein said predetermined potential is approximately 60% to 90% of breakdown voltage of said primary electrodes.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein said intermediate potential is between 40% and 60% of said predetermined potential.

9. A Marx generator comprising:

a plurality of capacitors connected in parallel;

a plurality of impedances connected between each pair of said capacitors;

a plurality of spark gap switch means for connecting pairs of said capacitors in series;

an output spark gap switch means for connecting a series of said capacitors to an external load;

each said spark gap switch means and output spark gap switch means comprising

a pair of primary electrodes,

at least one mid-plane electrode, and

a switch connected between a first primary electrode and a first mid-plane electrode, for adjusting a potential on said mid-plane electrode to be approximately equal to that on said first primary electrode.

10. The Marx generator of claim 9 wherein said plurality of spark gap switch means and said output spark gap switch means are arranged to be simultaneously activated responsive to a single light pulse.

11. The Marx generator of claim 10 wherein said single light pulse is generated by a laser.

12. The Marx generator of claim 9 wherein said plurality of spark gap switch means and said output spark gap switch means are arranged to be activated in a predetermined sequence so as to generate a predetermined waveform.

13. A triggering arrangement for a spark gap switch having a pair of primary electrodes, at least one trigger electrode and at least one photoconductive switch connected between a first primary electrode and said trigger electrode, said photoconductive switch having an inherent composite resistance and inductance;

said primary electrodes and said mid-plane electrode arranged so that a first set of capacitances exists between said trigger electrode and said primary electrodes and a second capacitance exists between said primary electrodes, a resonant loop being formed by one of said first capacitances, said total inductance and said total resistance of said triggering arrangement resonates at a predetermined frequency;

said predetermined frequency having a time period less than a time period necessary to break down said spark gap switch when said photoconductive switch is closed,

wherein a voltage larger than said bias voltage temporarily exists between a second primary electrode and said trigger electrode when said photoconductive switch is closed.

14. The triggering arrangement of claim 13 wherein said photoconductive switch is closed by a pulsed light source.

15. The triggering arrangement of claim 14 wherein said pulsed light source is a laser.

16. The triggering arrangement of claim 13 wherein said trigger electrode is a mid-plane electrode.