Vehicle detector with series resonant oscillator drive

• US 5,153,525 A
• Filed: 06/17/1991
• Issued: 10/06/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 06/17/1991
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Global Traffic Technologies LLC (Vontier Corp.)
• Original Assignee: Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co (3M Company)
• Inventors: Hoekman, Earl B., Hamer, Steven M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Harvey, Jack B.
• Assistant Examiner(s): BROWN, GLENN WARNER
• Application Number:
  US07/716,010
• Time in Patent Office: 477 Days
• Field of Search: 324/652, 324/654, 324/655, 324/668, 324/675, 324/682, 324/207.16, 324/207.26, 324/227, 324/232, 324/336, 340/941, 331/65
• US Class Current: 324/655
• CPC Class Codes: G08G 1/042 using inductive or magnetic detectors

Abstract

An inductive sensor is driven by a series resonant oscillator circuit to produce an oscillator signal having a frequency which is a function of inductance of the inductive sensor. An inductive load, which includes the sensor, is connected in series with a capacitive impedance. Power to the series resonant circuit formed by the inductive load and the capacitive impedance is controlled as a function of current in the series circuit as sensed by a current sensor. A detection system provides a detector output based upon the frequency of the oscillator signal.

Claims

1. An oscillator circuit for producing an oscillator signal having a frequency which is a function of inductance of an inductive sensor, the oscillator circuit comprising:

an inductive load which includes the inductive sensor;

a capacitive impedance connected to the inductive load to form a resonant circuit;

means for sensing current flowing through the inductive load; and

means for supplying the oscillator signal to the resonant circuit as a function of the current sensed.

2. The oscillator circuit of claim 1 wherein the means for supplying the oscillator signal includes:

amplifier means for producing the oscillator signal as a function of positive and negative feedback signals;

means for providing the positive feedback signal as a function of the current sensed; and

means for providing the negative feedback signal.

3. The oscillator circuit of claim 2 and further including:

means for causing relative magnitudes of the positive and negative feedback signals to vary during each half cycle of the oscillator signal to maintain a constant AC current through the inductive load.

4. The oscillator circuit of claim 2 wherein the means for providing the negative feedback signal provides the negative feedback signal as a function of the current sensed.

5. The oscillator circuit of claim 1 wherein the inductive load, the capacitive impedance and the means for sensing current are connected in a series path.

6. An oscillator circuit for producing an oscillator signal having a frequency which is a function of inductance of an inductive sensor, the oscillator circuit comprising:

an inductive load which includes the inductive sensor;

a capacitive impedance connected in a series path with the inductive load;

current sensing means for sensing current in the series path;

amplifier means having first input terminal and an output terminal, for providing the oscillator signal at its output terminal as a function of a first feedback signal received at its first input terminal;

the series path being connected to the output terminal; and

a first feedback circuit for providing the first feedback signal as a function of current sensed by the current sensing means.

7. The oscillator circuit of claim 6 wherein the amplifier means includes a second input terminal, and wherein the oscillator circuit further includes:

a second feedback circuit for providing a second feedback signal to the second input terminal.

8. The oscillator circuit of claim 7 wherein the first feedback circuit includes means for causing the first feedback signal to decrease in relative magnitude with respect to the second feedback signal as magnitude of the output signal increases.

9. The oscillator circuit of claim 8 wherein the first feedback signal is a positive feedback signal and the second feedback signal is a negative feedback signal.

10. The oscillator circuit of claim 8 wherein the current sensing means includes a current sensing resistor connected in the series path, the first feedback circuit includes a first voltage divider connected across the current sensing resistor, and the second feedback circuit includes a second voltage divider connected across the current sensing resistor.

11. The oscillator circuit of claim 10 wherein the means for causing the first feedback signal to change includes voltage sensitive means connected to the first voltage divider for changing voltage division of the first voltage divider as a function of voltage across the resistor.

12. The oscillator circuit of claim 7 wherein the second feedback circuit provides the second feedback signal as a function of current sensed by the current sensing means.

13. A detector system which uses an inductive sensor which exhibits changes in inductance as a function of presence of an object, the system comprising:

an inductive load which includes an inductive sensor;

a series resonant oscillator circuit, for driving the inductive load with an oscillator signal, which includes a capacitive impedance connected in a series path with the inductive load, current sensing means for sensing current flowing through the inductive load, and means for controlling the oscillator signal as a function of current sensed by the current sensing means so that frequency of the oscillator signal changes as a function of changes in inductance of the inductive load; and

means for providing a detector output based upon the frequency of the oscillator signal.

14. The system of claim 13 wherein the series resonant oscillator circuit includes:

amplifier means having a first input terminal, a second input terminal, and an output terminal which is connected to the series path, for producing the oscillator signal at the output terminal as a function of a first feedback signal at the first input terminal and a second feedback signal at the second input terminal;

a first feedback circuit for providing the first feedback signal to the first input terminal as a function of current sensed by the current sensing means; and

a second feedback circuit for providing the second feedback signal to the second input terminal.

15. The system of claim 14 wherein the first feedback circuit includes means for causing the first feedback signal to decrease in relative magnitude with respect to the second feedback signal as magnitude of the current sensed increases.

16. The system of claim 14 wherein the second feedback circuit provides the second feedback signal as a function of the current sensed.

17. A detector system which uses an inductive sensor, the system comprising:

an inductive load which includes the inductive sensor;

an oscillator circuit for supplying an oscillator signal having a frequency which is a function of inductance of the inductive sensor, the oscillator circuit including means for sensing current flow through the inductive load, and means for controlling the oscillator signal as a function of the current sensed so that the inductive load receives a constant AC current drive despite changes in inductance of the inductive sensor; and

means for providing a detector output based upon the frequency of the oscillator signal.

18. The detector system of claim 17 wherein the oscillator circuit includes a series resonant current path in which the inductive load is connected.

19. The detector system of claim 18 wherein the means for controlling the oscillator signal includes:

means for producing positive and negative feedback signals as a function of the current sensed; and

means for producing the oscillator signal as a function of the positive and negative feedback signals.

20. The detector system of claim 19 and further including:

means for causing relative levels of the positive and negative feedback signals to vary during each half cycle of the oscillator signal.

21. A vehicle detector for use with an inductive sensor which changes inductance in response to presence of a vehicle, the vehicle detector comprising:

an input circuit connected to the inductive sensor;

a series resonant oscillator connected to the input circuit for providing a constant AC current drive signal to the inductive sensor, the series resonant oscillator producing an oscillator output signal which is a function of current through an inductive load formed by the input circuit and the inductive sensor and which has a frequency which is a function of the inductance of the inductive sensor;

means for measuring frequency of the oscillator output signal; and

means for providing a detector output signal based upon the frequency measured.