Constant current sources with programmable voltage source

• US 5,154,172 A
• Filed: 11/13/1989
• Issued: 10/13/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 11/13/1989
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: LivaNova USA, Inc. (LivaNova Plc)
• Original Assignee: Cyberonics, Inc
• Inventors: Terry, Reese F. Jr., Varrichio, Anthony J., Winstrom, William L., Stanislaw, Henry
• Primary Examiner(s): Kamm, William E.
• Application Number:
  US07/434,985
• Time in Patent Office: 1,065 Days
• Field of Search: 307/31, 323/274, 323/275, 323/276, 323/281, 323/284, 323/285, 323/266, 323/268, 328/146, 328/147, 328/173, 328/175
• US Class Current: 607/64
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36053 adapted for vagal stimulation A61N1/36114 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36064 Epilepsy
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36125 Details of circuitry or electric components
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37217 characterised by the communication link, e.g. acoustic or tactile
• CPC Class Codes: G05F 1/468 characterised by reference voltage circuitry, e.g. soft start, remote shutdown

Abstract

An implant for stimulating the vagus nerve receives commands over a radio frequency link. The communication protocol uses asynchronous communications devices with parity checking and echoing of communicated characters and passwords to improve communication error checking. The implant disables a voltage convertor used in providing the stimulation signal at periodic intervals to monitor for communications attempts. The implant provides radio frequency marker pulses before providing stimulation signals of certain frequencies. During the providing of stimulation signals the implant monitors the voltage overhead present between the voltage source and the load and adjusts the overhead to a desired level. The implant changes the voltage applied to certain internal components during stimulation periods to allow full power operation during those intervals and reduced power levels at other intervals. The implant is reset by the placing a magnet in a given location in conjunction with the application of a radio frequency transmission for a given period.

Claims

1. A circuit for providing a constant current to a load, comprising:

a constant current source for connection to the load and having a control signal input for receiving a signal indicative of the desired current to be provided, said current source providing a constant current to the load when the voltage across said current source exceeds a predetermined value;

a digitally programmable voltage source for coupling to the load and for coupling to said current source and having digital inputs and a voltage output, said voltage source providing the voltage impressed on said current source and the load, said voltage source providing an output level representative of an applied digital value provided to said digital inputs;

means for monitoring the difference between the voltage across the load and the voltage supplied by said voltage source; and

means coupled to said monitoring means and said voltage source digital inputs for changing said programmed value of said voltage source to increase said output voltage level when said difference is below a given level.

2. The circuit of claim 1, further comprising:

means coupled to said monitoring means and said voltage source digital inputs for reducing said output voltage level when said difference is above a given level.

3. The circuit of claim 2, wherein said reducing output voltage means includes means for disabling reducing of said output voltage level if said output voltage level has been increased.

4. The circuit of claim 2, further comprising:

means for developing periodic intervals, said periodic interval means coupled to said reducing and said increasing output voltage changing means, and

wherein said reducing and said increasing output voltage changing means include means for allowing operation only at periodic intervals.

5. The circuit of claim 1,

wherein said voltage source changing means includes a microprocessor having an input and a plurality of digital outputs, said outputs being connected to said voltage source to provide said applied digital value, and said input being connected to said monitoring means, said microprocessor being programmed to monitor said monitoring means connected input and change said voltage source connected outputs to increase said output voltage level when said difference is below a given level.

6. The circuit of claim 5,

wherein said microprocessor has a further plurality of outputs and said further outputs provide a value indicative of the desired current;

and

further comprising;

means connected to said microprocessor desired current indicating outputs and said current source control signal input for converting said digital value into an signal for use by said current source.