Selective laser sintering of parts by compound formation of precursor powders

• US 5,156,697 A
• Filed: 12/07/1990
• Issued: 10/20/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 09/05/1989
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Board of Regents of the University of Texas System (University of Texas System)
• Original Assignee: Board of Regents of the University of Texas System (University of Texas System)
• Inventors: Weiss, Wendy L., Marcus, Harris L., Bourell, David L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Powell, William A.
• Application Number:
  US07/624,419
• Time in Patent Office: 683 Days
• Field of Search: 156/62.2, 156/272.8, 219/121.66, 219/121.8, 219/121.85, 264/56, 264/58-67, 264/113, 264/122, 264/125, 264/126, 264/127
• US Class Current: 264/497
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 1/09 Mixtures of metallic powders
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 1/12 Metallic powder containing non-metallic particles containing lubricating or binding agents or organic material B22F1/10
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 10/20 Direct sintering or melting
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 10/28 Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 10/366 Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 10/64 by thermal means control of energy beam parameters for post heating B22F10/364
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 12/43 pulsed; frequency modulated
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 12/44 characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 12/49 Scanners
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 2003/1052 assisted by energy absorption enhanced by the coating or powder
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 2999/00 Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 3/004 Filling molds with powder feeding material to presses in general B30B15/302
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 3/23 involving a self-propagating high-temperature synthesis or reaction sintering step making cermets by reaction sintering C22C1/051
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 26/34 Laser welding for purposes other than joining
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 35/0244 Powders, particles or spheres; Preforms made therefrom
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 35/262 Sn as the principal constituent
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 35/302 Cu as the principal constituent
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 35/365 Selection of non-metallic compositions of coating materials either alone or conjoint with selection of soldering or welding materials
• CPC Class Codes: B28B 11/24 for curing, setting or hardening processes for influencing or modifying the setting or hardening ability of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, in general C04B40/00
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 64/153 using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 10/00 : Processes of additive manufacturing
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 70/00 : Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/64 : Burning or sintering processes C04B33/32 takes precedence ; powder metallurgy B22F
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 2219/49013 : Deposit layers, cured by scanning laser, stereo lithography SLA, prototyping
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 10/25 : Process efficiency

Abstract

A method and apparatus for selectively sintering a layer of powder to produce a part comprising a plurality of sintered layers. The apparatus includes a computer controlling a laser to direct the laser energy onto the powder to produce a sintered mass. The computer either determines or is programmed with the boundaries of the desired cross-sectional regions of the part. For each cross-section, the aim of the laser beam is scanned over a layer of powder and the beam is switched on to sinter only the powder within the boundaries of the cross-section. Powder is applied and successive layers sintered until a completed part is formed. Preferably, the powder comprises a plurality of materials having different dissociation or bonding temperatures. The powder preferably comprises blended or coated materials, including precursor materials which are formed into a mass at the irradiated locations, and which either react due to the laser thermal energy or in a later heat treatment to form a compound with properties different than the precursors. Examples are disclosed wherein a compound is formed which has a significantly higher melting point than that of one or more of the precursor powders.

Claims

1. A method of producing a part, comprising:

depositing a powder onto a target surface, said powder comprising first and second materials;

heating a selected portion of said powder to define a cross-sectional region of the part; and

reacting the first and second materials in said cross-sectional region of the part to form a chemical compound of said first and second materials.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein said heating step heats said powder to a temperature between the melting point of said first material and the melting point of said second material.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the melting point of said chemical compound is higher than the melting point of said first material.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the melting point of said chemical compound is higher than the temperature to which the selected portion of the powder is heated in said heating step

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

depositing a second layer of said powder after said heating step; and

heating a selected portion of said second layer of powder to define a second cross-sectional region of the part.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein said reacting step comprises:

removing portions of the powder not within the defined cross-section of the part, after said step of heating said second layer of powder; and

heating the part after said removing step.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein said reacting step is performed during said heating step.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein said heating step comprises:

directing an energy beam at selected portions of said powder.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the directing step comprises:

directing a laser beam at selected portions of said powder.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein said second material comprises nickel.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein said first material comprises aluminum.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein said first and second materials are metals.

15. The method of claim 1, wherein said first and second materials are ceramics.

16. The method of claim 1, wherein the chemical compound formed by said reacting step is a stable compound.

17. The method of claim 1, wherein the chemical compound formed by said reacting step is a metastable compound.

10. The method of claim wherein said first material comprises tin.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein said second material comprises nickel.

18. A part produced by the method comprising the steps of:

depositing a powder onto a target surface, said powder comprising first and second materials;

heating a selected portion of said powder to define a cross-sectional region of the part; and

reacting the first and second materials in said cross-sectional region of the part to form a chemical compound of said first and second materials.

19. The part of claim 18, wherein said heating step heats said powder to a temperature between the melting point of said first material and the melting point of said second material;

and wherein the melting point of said chemical compound is higher than the temperature to which the selected portion of the powder is heated in said heating step.

20. The part of claim 18, wherein the method further comprises:

depositing a second layer of said powder after said heating step; and

heating a selected portion of said second layer of powder to define a second cross-sectional region of the part;

and wherein said reacting step comprises;

removing portions of the powder not within the defined cross-section of the part, after said step of heating said second layer of powder; and

heating the part after said removing step.

21. The part of claim 18, wherein said reacting step is performed during said heating step.

22. The part of claim 18, wherein said first and second materials are metals.

23. The part of claim 22, wherein said compound is an intermetallic compound having a melting point higher than the melting point of said first material.

24. The part of claim 18, wherein said first and second materials are ceramics.