Gas generant formulations containing poly(nitrito) metal complexes as oxidants and method

• US 5,160,386 A
• Filed: 11/04/1991
• Issued: 11/03/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 11/04/1991
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Autoliv ASP Incorporated (Autoliv Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Morton International Incorporated (Autoliv Incorporated)
• Inventors: Lund, Gary K., Stevens, Mikel R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Lechert, Jr., Stephen J.
• Application Number:
  US07/787,500
• Time in Patent Office: 365 Days
• Field of Search: 149/109.4, 149/88
• US Class Current: 149/88
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 21/02 Preparation of nitrogen by decomposition of ammonia C01B3/047
• CPC Class Codes: C06B 41/00 Compositions containing a nitrated metallo-organic compound
• CPC Class Codes: C06D 5/06 by reaction of two or more solids

Abstract

Gas generating compositions or propellants are provided which comprise a fuel and a novel oxidizer therefor comprising an inorganic compound having a poly(nitrito) transition metal complex anion. The inorganic oxidant compounds are generically represented by the formula:

M.sub.x.sup.1 M.sub.y.sup.2 (NO.sub.2).sub.z

wherein (1) M¹ is a metal selected from the (a) Group IA alkali metals, (b) Group IIA alkaline earth metals, preferably strontium, (c) Group IB metals, preferably copper, and (d) Group IIB metals, preferably zinc, of the Periodic Table, (2) M² is a metal selected from the transition metals of Groups IVA-IIB of the Periodic Table, (3) x=1, 2, 3, or 4; y=1 or 2, and z=4 or 6 as determined by the required stoichiometry of the metals of the complex, and (4) the M¹ and M² metals selected are different metals. M¹ is preferably the Group IA alkali metals, more preferably sodium and potassium, and most preferably potassium. M² is preferably the Group VIIIA, IB and IIB metals, more preferably cobalt, copper and zinc from the respective Groups, and most preferably cobalt. The most preferred oxidant is potassium hexanitrocobaltate, K₃ Co(NO₂)₆. Preferred alternate oxidizers are potassium tetranitrocuprate, K₂ Cu(NO₂)₄, and potassium tetranitrozincate, K₂ Zn(NO₂)₄.

Claims

1. A solid composition for generating a nitrogen-containing gas including a fuel and an oxidizer therefor, wherein said oxidizer comprises an inorganic compound having a poly(nitrito) transition metal complex anion.

2. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the cation for the oxidizer compound comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of the alkali metals of Group IA, the alkaline earth metals of Group IIA and the metals of Group IB and IIB of the Periodic Table so long as said cation is not the same metal as the complex anion transition metal.

3. A composition according to claim 2 wherein the cation selected is an alkali or alkaline earth metal.

4. A composition according to claim 2 wherein the cation selected is an alkali metal.

5. A composition according to claim 4 wherein said alkali metal is potassium.

6. A composition according to claim 2 wherein the oxidizer compound is represented by the formula

7. A composition according to claim 6 wherein M² is a Group VIIIA, IB or IIB metal.

8. A composition according to claim 6 wherein M¹ is selected from sodium and potassium in the Group IA metals and strontium in the Group IIA metals.

9. A composition according to claim 8 wherein M² is a Group VIIIA, IB or IIB metal.

10. A composition according to claim 9 wherein M² is a Group VIIIA metal.

11. A composition according to claim 10 wherein the Group VIIIA metal is cobalt.

12. A composition according to claim 9 wherein M² is a Group IB metal.

13. A composition according to claim 12 wherein the Group IB metal is copper.

14. A composition according to claim 9 wherein M² is a Group IIB metal.

15. A composition according to claim 14 wherein the Group IIB metal is zinc.

16. A composition according to claim 9 wherein the Group IIA metal is strontium.

17. A composition according to claim 9 wherein the Group IA metal is sodium.

18. A composition according to claim 9 wherein the Group IA metal is potassium.

19. A composition according to claim 18 wherein the oxidizer compound is potassium hexanitrocobaltate, K₃ Co(NO₂)₆.

20. A composition according to claim 18 wherein the oxidizer compound is potassium tetranitrocuprate, K₂ Cu(NO₂)₄.

21. A composition according to claim 18 wherein the oxidizer compound is potassium tetranitrozincate, K₂ Zn(NO₂)₄.

22. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the fuel is selected from an azide and a non-azide.

23. A composition according to claim 22 wherein said fuel is a non-azide.

24. A composition according to claim 23 wherein said non-azide is potassium diliturate, C₄ H₂ N₃ O₅ K.

25. A composition according to claim 24 wherein the oxidizer compound is potassium hexanitrocobaltate, K₃ Co(NO₂)₆.

26. A composition according to claim 23 wherein said non-azide is Zn (5-aminotetrazole)₂, C₂ H₄ N₁₀ Zn.

27. A composition according to claim 26 wherein the oxidizer compound is potassium hexanitrocobaltate, K₃ Co(NO₂)₆.

28. A composition according to claim 23 wherein said non-azide is potassium nitroorotate, C₅ H₄ N₃ O₇ K.

29. A composition according to claim 28 wherein the oxidizer compound is potassium hexanitrocobaltate, K₃ Co(NO₂)₆.

30. A method of generating nitrogen-containing gas comprising the step of igniting a composition including a fuel, and an oxidizer therefor, wherein said oxidizer comprises an inorganic compound having a poly(nitrito) transition metal complex anion.

31. A method according to claim 30, wherein the gas produced is used to inflate an air bag.