Enzyme electrodes and improvements in the manufacture thereof
First Claim
1. A method for the manufacture of enzyme electrodes comprising a substantially homogeneous mixture of a finely divided platinum group metal or oxide and one or more enzymes deposited as an electrically conductive layer upon the surface of an underlying support, the electrode being amperometrically responsive to the activity of the enzyme when the enzyme containing a layer of the electrode is in contact with the respective enzyme substrate, the method comprising forming a substantially uniform suspension comprising the finely divided platinum group metal or oxide and said enzyme(s) suspended in a liquid suspension medium, depositing that suspension on the surface of the support member, and drying the deposited suspension at a temperature below the deactivation temperature of the enzyme thereby to deposit the finely divided platinum group metal or oxide and said enzyme(s) as a substantially uniform, homogeneous coating layer on the surface of the support.
1 Assignment
0 Petitions
Accused Products
Abstract
Enzyme electrodes are disclosed consisting essentially of a uniform homogeneous layer of a finely divided platinum group metal or oxide, preferably preadsorbed onto the surface of an activated carbon or grapite powder, and deposited from suspension upon the surface of an electrically conductive substrate and in admixture with an enzyme and optionally a water soluble or water-dispersible binder. Preferably the enzyme electrodes are produced by coating the substrate with a suspension of the enzyme, the finely divided platinum group metal, and if present the carbon or graphite powder and binder, and drying at a temperature below that at which the enzyme is deactivated.
432 Citations
45 Claims
- 1. A method for the manufacture of enzyme electrodes comprising a substantially homogeneous mixture of a finely divided platinum group metal or oxide and one or more enzymes deposited as an electrically conductive layer upon the surface of an underlying support, the electrode being amperometrically responsive to the activity of the enzyme when the enzyme containing a layer of the electrode is in contact with the respective enzyme substrate, the method comprising forming a substantially uniform suspension comprising the finely divided platinum group metal or oxide and said enzyme(s) suspended in a liquid suspension medium, depositing that suspension on the surface of the support member, and drying the deposited suspension at a temperature below the deactivation temperature of the enzyme thereby to deposit the finely divided platinum group metal or oxide and said enzyme(s) as a substantially uniform, homogeneous coating layer on the surface of the support.
- 14. In a method for the manufacture of enzyme electrodes comprising a substantially homogeneous mixture of a finely-divided platinum group metal or oxide adsorbed onto the surface of particles of a finely divided carbon or graphite powder and one or more enzymes deposited as a surface layer on the surface of an underlying electrically conductive support, the electrode being amperometrically responsive to the activity of the enzyme when the electrode is in contact with the respective enzyme substrate, the improvement which comprises forming an initial suspension comprising the enzyme, the finely divided carbon or graphite having said platinum group metal preadsorbed thereon, a binder operable to bind the enzyme and the platinum group metal or oxide containing carbon or graphite into a substantially uniform homogeneous layer on the surface of the support at a temperature below that at which the enzyme is deactivated, suspended in a liquid carrier, depositing the suspension as a uniform layer on the surface of the support, and drying the deposited layer at a temperature below the deactivation temperature of the binder.
- 22. In a method for the manufacture of enzyme electrodes comprising a substantially homogeneous mixture of a finely-divided platinum group metal or oxide adsorbed onto the surface of particles of a finely divided carbon or graphite powder and one or more enzymes deposited as a surface layer on the surface of an underlying electrically conductive support, the electrode being amperometrically responsive to the activity of the enzyme when the electrode is in contact with the respective enzyme substrate, the improvement which comprises depositing as a surface layer on the surface of the electrically conductive support a suspension comprising the finely divided platinum group metal or oxide preadsorbed onto the surface of a finely divided graphite powder and a low temperature binder operable to bind the finely divided carbon or graphite powder and said enzyme into a uniform substantially homogeneous layer on the surface of the support at a temperature below the deactivation temperature of the enzyme, suspended in a liquid carrier, drying the deposited layer of platinum group metal or oxide containing carbon or graphite particles and said binder, impregnating the deposited layer with a suspension of the enzyme in a liquid carrier, and redrying the impregnated enzyme containing surface layer at a temperature below the deactivation temperature of the enzyme.
- 27. An enzyme electrode comprising a substantially homogeneous mixture of a finely divided platinum group metal or oxide and one or more enzymes deposited as an electrically conductive surface layer on the surface of an underlying support member, said layer also containing a binder for the particles of finely divided platinum group metal or oxide and said enzyme(s), wherein said binder comprises a material effective to bind the finely divided platinum group metal or oxide particles and said enzyme(s) into a coherent, cohesive layer bonded to the support at a temperature not exceeding the deactivation temperature of the enzyme(s).
- 39. An enzyme electrode comprising a substantially homogeneous mixture containing the enzyme and a finely divided platinum group metal or oxide preadsorbed onto the surface of a finely divided carbon or graphite deposited on the surface of an electrically conductive support and containing a low temperature binder effective to bind the enzyme and finely divided platinum group metal or oxide containing particles into a uniform cohesive layer on the surface of the support at a temperature below the deactivation temperature of the enzyme.
Specification