Coder for incorporating an auxiliary information signal in a digital audio signal, decoder for recovering such signals from the combined signal, and record carrier having such combined signal recorded thereon

• US 5,161,210 A
• Filed: 11/08/1989
• Issued: 11/03/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 11/10/1988
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: US Philips Corporation (Koninklijke Philips N.V.)
• Original Assignee: US Philips Corporation (Koninklijke Philips N.V.)
• Inventors: Hoogendoorn, Abraham, Van De Kerkhof, Leon M., Veldhuis, Raymond N. J., Druyvesteyn, Willem F.
• Primary Examiner(s): MacDonald, Allen R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Knepper, David D.
• Application Number:
  US07/433,631
• Time in Patent Office: 1,091 Days
• Field of Search: 381/29-40, 395/2
• US Class Current: 704/200
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2211/007 Encryption, En-/decode, En-/decipher, En-/decypher, Scramble, (De-)compress
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 19/018 Audio watermarking, i.e. embedding inaudible data in the audio signal
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00086 Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy indicating unauthorised use of record carriers in general G11B23/28; scrambling for television signal recording H04N5/913; network architectures or network protocols for network security H04L63/00; cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00884 involving a watermark, i.e. a barely perceptible transformation of the original data which can nevertheless be recognised by an algorithm
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00891 embedded in audio data
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/10527 Audio or video recording; Data buffering arrangements G11B20/12 - G11B20/18 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/665 using psychoacoustic properties of the ear, e.g. masking effect
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/667 using a division in frequency subbands for TV signals H04N19/63

Abstract

The audio signal is divided into frequency sub-bands, the sub-band samples are quantized according to a predetermined quantizing criterion, and the quantized samples in one or more sub-bands are summed with samples of the auxiliary signal in such sub-bands, the auxiliary signal sample in a sub-band having a maximum amplitude less than half the quantization step used in such sub-band. The combined signal, covering the entire frequency band of the audio signal, can be transmitted or recorded on a record carrier. Upon audio reproduction at a receiver only the audio signal will be audible, the auxiliary signal being masked due to the psychoacoustic characteristics of the human auditory system which are unresponsive to low-level noise in the presence of high amplitude sound. The receiver includes a decoder which analyzes the combined signal into the original frequency sub-bands and re-quantizes the sub-band signals using the same quantizing criterion as at the coder. The auxiliary signal is reconstructed by subtracting the quantized signal sample in each sub-band from the non-quantized signal sample therein and combining the non-quantized sub-band signal sample. The auxiliary signal may be a copy inhibit code which serves to inhibit a recorder from recording the audio signal, thus protecting against unauthorized copying.

Claims

1. A coder for incorporating an auxiliary signal into a digital audio signal having a predetermined data format, comprising:

first analysis filter means for analyzing the frequency band of the audio signal into a plurality P of successive sub-bands so as to derive P audio signal sub-band samples;

means for quantizing the respective audio signal sub-band samples in accordance with quantizing steps based on a predetermined quantization criterion so as to derive P quantized audio signal sub-band samples, the quantizing step for each sub-band being adapted in accordance with the maximum amplitude of the signal sample in sub-band;

second analysis filter means for analyzing the auxiliary signal into said frequency sub-bands so as to derive samples thereof in one or more of such sub-bands;

means for attenuating the auxiliary sample in each sub-band to a level below that of the quantizing step employed for the audio signal in said sub-band; and

means for combining the quantized audio signal sample and attenuated auxiliary signal sample in each sub-band so as to derive a combined signal sample in each sub-band;

whereby the auxiliary signal sample included in the combined signal sample in any sub-band will be inaudible upon audio reproduction of such combined signal sample, such audio reproduction only audibly reproducing the audio signal sample included in such combined signal sample.

2. A coder as claimed in claim 1, further comprising synthesis filter means for assembling the combined sub-band signals of all sub-bands into a compound digital audio signal having the said predetermined data format.

3. A coder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the auxiliary signal is a further digital audio signal.

4. A coder as claimed in claim 1, wherein said sub-bands correspond to critical frequency bands of the human auditory system for masking of noise in the presence of sound in such frequency bands.

5. A coder as claimed in claim 4, wherein said quantizing means adaptively quantizes the audio signal sample in any sub-band using a quantizing step adapted in accordance with the maximum amplitude of said audio signal sample relative to an exponential scale based on a predetermined numerical constant (a).

6. A coder as claimed in claim 5, wherein the quantizing step for any sub-band is further adapted in accordance with the maximum amplitudes of audio signal samples in one or more preceding sub-bands.

7. A coder as claimed in claim 5, wherein said attenuating means attenuates the auxiliary signal sample in each sub-band by a factor G given by G=2a/(a-1).

8. A decoder for a received digital audio signal which is an encoded form of an original digital audio signal, the received signal having a plurality (P) of successive frequency sub-bands which respectively include quantized samples of the original digital audio signal, one or more of said sub-bands also including samples of an auxiliary signal, each auxiliary signal sample being below the level of the quantizing step applicable to the quantized audio signal sample in the corresponding sub-band;

said decoder comprising;

analysis filter means for analyzing the received signal into said P sub-bands so as to derive P sub-band samples thereof;

means for quantizing the respectively sub-band samples using a quantizing step in each sub-band the same as that applicable to the quantized sample of the original audio signal in such sub-band;

means for subtracting the quantized signal sample in each sub-band from the received signal sample in such sub-band so as to thereby derive a difference signal sample for each sub-band, such sub-band difference signal samples being samples of said auxiliary signal in such sub-bands;

means for amplifying the respective sub-band samples of the auxiliary signal by amounts corresponding to the quantizing steps applicable to the respective sub-bands; and

synthesis filter means for combining the amplified sub-band samples of the auxiliary signal so as to thereby reconstruct said auxiliary signal.

9. A decoder as claimed in claim 8, wherein said quantizing means quantizes the received signal sample in any sub-band using a quantizing step corresponding to the maximum amplitude of said signal sample in said sub-band relative to an exponential scale based on a predetermined numerical constant (a).

10. A decoder as claimed in claim 9, wherein said amplifying means amplifies each sub-band sample of said auxiliary signal by a factor G given by G=2a/(a-1).

11. Apparatus for recording a digital audio signal having a predetermined data format on a record carrier, comprising:

coding means including

analysis filter means for analyzing the frequency band of the audio signal into a plurality P of successive sub-bands so as to derive P audio signal samples in such sub-bands, the sub-bands corresponding to critical frequency bands of the human auditory system for masking of noise in the presence of sounds in such frequency bands;

means for quantizing the respective sub-band samples in accordance with quantizing steps based on a predetermined quantization criterion so as to derive P quantized sub-band samples, the quantizing step for each sub-band being adapted in accordance with the maximum amplitude of the signal sample in such sub-band; and

signal combining means including synthesis filter means coupled to said analysis filter means and to said quantizing means, said signal combining means being adapted to derive sub-band difference signals corresponding to the difference between each sub-band signal sample and the quantized signal sample in such sub-band and to combine such difference signals into an auxiliary signal;

a recording unit for receiving the P quantized sub-band signal samples and recording them on said record carrier; and

detecting means coupled to said signal combining means and responsive to the auxiliary signal produced thereby to supply a control signal to said recording unit, said control signal signifying that the received audio signal is protected against recording thereof.

12. Recording apparatus as claimed in claim 11, wherein said control signal inhibits said recording unit from recording the P quantized sub-band signal samples.

13. Recording apparatus as claimed in claim 11, further comprising means for generating an additional auxiliary signal and means for selectively including samples of the additional auxiliary signal in one or more of the sub-bands of the quantized signal samples, so that the auxiliary signal samples will be recorded on said record carrier by said recording unit together with the quantized signal samples.

14. A record carrier having recorded thereon a compound signal comprising:

a digital audio signal in the form of a plurality P of sub-band samples thereof in P successive frequency sub-bands, such sub-band samples having been quantized in accordance with quantizing steps applicable to the respective sub-bands; and

an auxiliary signal in the form of sub-band samples thereof in one or more of said sub-bands, the amplitude of the auxiliary signal sample in any sub-band being below the level of the quantizing step applicable to the audio signal sample in such sub-band;

whereby upon audible reproduction of sound corresponding to the recorded compound signal the auxiliary signal sub-band samples thereof will be substantially inaudible, only the audio signal sub-band samples thereof audibly contributing to the resulting sound.