Graphics cursor handler

• US 5,161,212 A
• Filed: 10/12/1989
• Issued: 11/03/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 10/12/1989
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Texas Instruments, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Texas Instruments, Inc.
• Inventors: Littleton, James G.
• Primary Examiner(s): Harkcom, Gary V.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Nguyen, Phu K.
• Application Number:
  US07/420,206
• Time in Patent Office: 1,118 Days
• Field of Search: 364/518, 364/521, 364/522, 340/747, 340/750, 340/798, 340/799, 340/723, 340/731, 395/118, 395/148, 382/47
• US Class Current: 345/418
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/04892 Arrangements for controlling cursor position based on codes indicative of cursor displacements from one discrete location to another, e.g. using cursor control keys associated to different directions or using the tab key arrangements for controlling cursor position based on coordinate signals G06F3/038
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 5/08 Cursor circuits

Abstract

A method for handling a cursor during a graphics drawing routine that eliminates the need to insert cursor handling code into graphics function definitions. The method coordinates the placement of the cursor in screen memory with the reading out of the scan lines containing the cursor. During this time, the cursor background is saved in offscreen memory. The cursor is protected by a cursor violation region, and drawing may continue while the cursor is in screen memory so long as the cursor violation region is not infringed, in which case drawing ceases until the cursor is read out of memory. The method prevents the cursor from flickering and maximizes the availability of screen memory to the drawing routine.

Claims

1. A method for handling a cursor during execution of a graphics drawing routine comprising the steps of:

halting said drawing routine during a frame scan any time before a line by line scan reaches the line corresponding to the top of said cursor in screen memory;

saving the cursor-free image background of said cursor;

placing said cursor in screen memory;

setting a cursor violation region to inform said drawing routine about the location the said cursor;

proceeding with said drawing routine, while checking whether said drawing routine attempts to write to a pixel protected by said cursor violation region; and

halting said drawing routine if said drawing routine attempts to write to a pixel protected by said cursor violation region;

waiting until said scan is at the scan line corresponding to the bottom of said cursor; and

restoring said cursor-free image background.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of halting said drawing routine when said current scan line is near said scan line corresponding to the top of said cursor is accomplished by generating a cursor top interrupt.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of halting said drawing routine when said current scan line is near said scan line corresponding to the top of said cursor occurs when said scan line is n line above the top of said cursor, where n represents the number of lines scanned in the time required to save the cursor backround and place the cursor in screen memory, and where n is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of saving the background image of said cursor comprises saving said background image to offscreen memory.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of placing said cursor in memory occurs when said scan line is on the line corresponding to the top of said cursor.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein said cursor violation region is within a window provided by said graphics system and said step of proceeding with said drawing routine comprises checking whether drawing occurs outside said region

7. The method of claim 1, wherein said cursor violation region is bounded by coordinates stored in a special memory location provided by said graphics system, and said step of proceeding with said drawing routine comprises checking whether drawing occurs inside said region.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein said special memory location is a register.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of halting said drawing routine if said drawing routine attempts to write to pixels protected by said cursor violation region comprises generating a cursor violation interrupt.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of restoring said background image is initiated by generating a cursor bottom interrupt when said scan line corresponds to the bottom of said cursor.

11. A cursor handling mechanism for use during execution of a graphics drawing routine on a system using a line by line scan and having a window checking routine, comprising:

means for halting said drawing routine during a frame scan any time before the line by line scan reaches the line corresponding to the top of said cursor in screen memory;

instructions for saving the cursor-free image background of said cursor;

instructions for placing said cursor in screen memory;

instructions for setting a cursor violation region to inform said drawing routine about the location of said cursor;

instructions for proceeding with said drawing routine, while checking whether said drawing routine attempts to write to a pixel protected by said cursor violation region;

means for halting said drawing routine if said drawing routine attempts to write to a pixel protected by said cursor violation region; and

instructions for restoring said cursor-free image background when said current scan line is near the scan line corresponding to the bottom of said cursor;

wherein said instructions and halting means are in a syntax, and are executable by a processor of said graphics system.

12. The cursor handling mechanism of claim 11, wherein said means for halting said drawing routine when said current scan line is near said scan line corresponding to the top of said cursor, is a cursor top interrupt.

13. The cursor handling mechanism of claim 11, wherein said means for halting said drawing routine when said scan is near said scan line corresponding to the top of said cursor, executes when said scan is n lines above the top of said cursor, where n represents the number of lines scanned in the time required to save said cursor-free image background and place said cursor in screen memory and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

14. The cursor handling mechanism of claim 11, wherein said instructions for placing said cursor in memory execute when said current scan line is on the line corresponding to the top of said cursor.

15. The cursor handling mechanism of claim 11, wherein said instructions for setting a cursor violation region comprise setting said window to a size that represents the largest area not containing said cursor, and said instructions for proceeding with said drawing routing comprise instructions for checking whether drawing occurs outside said region.

16. The cursor handling mechanism of claim 11, wherein said means for haltine said drawing routine if said drawing routine attempts to write to pixels protected by said cursor violation region, is a cursor violation interrupt.

17. The cursor handling mechanism of claim 11, wherein said instructions for restoring said background image are initiated by a cursor bottom interrupt when said current scan line corresponds to the bottom of said cursor.

18. A cursor handling mechanism for use during execution of a graphics drawing routine on a system using a line by line scan and having a special memory available or use as a cursor violation region, comprising:

means for halting said drawing routine during a frame scan any time before the line by line scan reaches the line corresponding to the top of said cursor in screen memory;

instructions for saving the cursor-free image background of said cursor

instructions for placing said cursor in screen memory;

instructions for setting a cursor violation region to inform said drawing routine about the location of said cursor;

instructions for proceeding with said drawing routine, while checking whether said drawing routine attempts to write to a pixel protected by said cursor violation region;

means for halting said drawing routine if said drawing routine attempts to write to a pixel protected by said cursor violation region; and

instructions for restoring said cursor-free image background when said current scan line is near the scan line corresponding to the bottom of said cursor;

wherein said instructions and halting means are in a syntax, and are executable by a processor of said graphics system.

19. The cursor handling mechanism of claim 18, wherein said means for halting said drawing routine when said current scan line is near the scan line corresponding to the top of said cursor, is a cursor top interrupt.

20. The cursor handling mechanism of claim 18, wherein said means for halting said drawing routine when said scan is near the scan line corresponding to the top of said cursor, executes when said scan line is n lines above the top of said cursor, where n represents the number of lines scanned in the time required to save the cursor background image and place the cursor in screen memory.

22. The cursor handling mechanism of claim 18, wherein said instructions for setting a cursor violation region provides means for storing the coordinates of said region in said special memory provided by said graphics system, and said instructions for proceeding with said drawing routine comprise means for checking whether drawing occurs inside said region.

23. The cursor handling mechanism of claim 18, wherein said means for halting said drawing routine if said drawing routine attempts to write to a pixel protected by said cursor violation region, is a cursor violation interrupt.

24. The cursor handling mechanism of claim 18, wherein said instructions for restoring said background image are initiated by a cursor bottom interrupt when said current scan line is near the bottom of said cursor.

21. The cursor handling mechanism of claim 180, wherein said instructions for placing said cursor in memory execute when said scan line is on the line corresponding to the top of said cursor.

25. A computer system for computer graphics and using a cursor comprising:

a processor;

screen memory connected to said processor and having data including a cursor-free image background where the cursor is to be;

a video buffer connected to said screen memory; and

a display controller connected to said screen memory and to said video buffer,

wherein said processor is programmed with a drawing routine and programmed to halt said drawing routine during a frame scan, any time before the line by line scan reaches the line corresponding to the top of said cursor in said screen memory, to save the cursor-free image background of the cursor, to place data representation of the cursor in the screen memory, to determine a cursor violation region, and to permit said drawing routine to continue for so long as said drawing routine does not attempt to write to a pixel protected by said cursor violation region.

26. The computer system of claim 25 further comprising a display unit wherein said video buffer is further coupled to an input of said display unit.

27. The computer system of claim 25 wherein said processor comprises a host processor for the system and a graphics processor connected with said host processor.

28. The computer system of claim 25 wherein said processor is capable of executing graphics instructions that cause pixels on the display screen to be illuminated in desired patterns.

29. The computer system of claim 25 wherein said processor is programmed to convert abstract representations of an image into appropriate pixel values in said screen memory.

30. The computer system of claim 25 wherein said screen memory comprises an array in which the number of rows correspond to the number of lines in the display screen and the number of columns in the array are the same as the number of pixels on each line.

31. The computer system of claim 25 further comprising an offscreen memory connected to said screen memory wherein said offscreen memory is used to save the background image while the cursor is stored in said screen memory.

32. The computer system of claim 25 wherein said screen memory comprises a bit mapped frame buffer.

33. The computer system of claim 25 wherein said controller is operative to perform control functions, including reading the contents of said screen memory into said video buffer, said video buffer having circuitry operative to convert digital representations of pixel values into analog voltage signals for display.

34. The computer system of claim 25 wherein said controller is operative to cycle through said memory, at a particular rate, to satisfy a desired rate for refreshing each frame of said display.

35. A computer system comprising:

a host processor;

a graphics processor connected to said host processor;

screen memory connected to said graphics processor;

wherein said graphics processor is programmed to halt a drawing routine during a frame scan any time before a line by lien scan reaches the line corresponding to the top of said cursor in said screen memory, to save from said screen memory a cursor-free image background of a cursor and to place data representing the cursor in the screen memory, to determine a cursor violation region, and to execute said drawing routine for so long as said drawing routine does not attempt to write to a pixel protected by said cursor violation region.

36. The computer system of claim 35 further comprising a display unit coupled to said graphics processor.

37. A method for handling a cursor during execution of a graphics drawing routine, comprising the steps of:

setting a cursor violation region to inform said drawing routine about the location of said cursor;

proceeding with said drawing routine while checking whether said drawing routine attempts to write to a pixel protected by said cursor violation region;

halting said drawing routine during a frame scan if said drawing routine attempts to write to a pixel protected by said cursor violation region; and

resuming said drawing routine when said frame scan is at the scan line corresponding to the bottom of said cursor.

38. The method of claim 37, wherein said step of halting said drawing routine during said frame scan is accomplished by generating a cursor top interrupt.

39. The method of claim 37, wherein said step of halting said drawing routine when said current scan line is near said scan line corresponding to the top of said cursor occurs when said scan line is n lines above the top of said cursor, where n represents a number of liens scanned in a time interval utilized to save the cursor background from a memory and place the cursor in the memory, and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

40. The method of claim 37, wherein said cursor violation region is within a window defined by data generated by a graphics system and said step of proceeding while checking comprises checking whether drawing occurs inside said region.

41. The method of claim 37, wherein said step of halting said drawing routine if said drawings routine attempts to write to a pixel protected by said cursor violation region comprises generating a cursor violation interrupt.

42. The method of claim 37, further comprising a step of restoring said background image in the memory by generating a cursor bottom interrupt when said scan line corresponds to the bottom of said cursor.