High power density battery for peak power

• US 5,162,165 A
• Filed: 07/05/1990
• Issued: 11/10/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 07/05/1989
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Nuvera Fuel Cells Europe S.R.L. (Nacco Industries Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: S.E.R.E Srl
• Inventors: Bianchi, Giuseppe
• Primary Examiner(s): McFarlane, Anthony
• Assistant Examiner(s): Phan, Nhat
• Application Number:
  US07/548,022
• Time in Patent Office: 859 Days
• Field of Search: 429/26, 429/30, 429/101, 429/120, 429/192
• US Class Current: 429/422
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2200/36 Vehicles designed to transport cargo, e.g. trucks
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2200/42 Fork lift trucks
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/51 characterised by AC-motors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/64 Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/26 by cooling
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/33 by cooling
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/40 for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 16/003 of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0082 Organic polymers
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/186 by electrolytic decomposition of the electrolytic solution or the formed water product
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 90/60 Electric or hybrid propulsion means for production processes
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/40 Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Abstract

Low capacity and high power density electric battery which electrolyzes water in the charging phase to produce hydrogen and oxygen used as reactants in the discharging phase, which battery comprises an ion-exchange membrane, separating two compartments, said compartments containing gas evolving positive and negative electrodes respectively for the evolution of oxygen and hydrogen during the charging phase and for recombination of the same to produce water during the discharging phase, as well as means for the circulation of said water in a spray form.

Claims

1. In a low capacity and high power density hydrogen-oxygen electric battery acting as a water electrolyzer during the charging phase which comprises at least one elementary cell formed by two end-plates (1, 2) and separated by an ion-exchange membrane (3) into a positive pole compartment and a negative pole compartment, a positive electrode (11) in contact with one side of said membrane (3) and a negative electrode (7) in contact with the other side of said membrane (3), means for supplying water to and discharging water from said compartments, means for supplying oxygen to the positive compartment and for supplying hydrogen to the negative compartment and means for discharging oxygen and hydrogen from said compartments, the improvement comprising the positive pole compartment having about half the volume of the negative pole compartment.

2. The battery of claim 1 characterized in that the positive pole and negative pole compartments are able to withstand a pressure up to 10 exp7 Pa.

3. The battery of claim 1 characterized in that said battery is contained in a pressure-resistant vessel, the space between said battery and the walls of said vessel being filled with dielectric fluid.

4. The battery of claim 1 characterized in that each electrode (7, 11) is a thin layer of powdered electrocatalytic material.

5. The battery of claim 4 characterized in that the electrodes (7, 11) are bonded to or embedded into the membrane (3).

6. The battery of claim 1 characterized in that the electrodes (7, 11) are pressed against the membrane (3) by supporting means.

7. The battery of claim 6 characterized in that the supporting means supporting the negative electrode (7) is a rigid structure (5) carrying a small-opening mesh (6) and the supporting means supporting the positive electrodes (11) is a rigid structure (8) carrying a resilient mat (9).

8. The battery of claim 7 characterized in that the resilient mat (9) comprises a hydrophilic material.

9. The battery of claim 1 characterized in that said negative pole compartment comprises external vessels.

10. The battery of claim 1 characterized in that said compartments are provided with grooves (12, 14) directed to collect the reaction water and with pipes to eliminate air and to load the reaction water during the first charging step.

11. The battery of claim 10 characterized in that said grooves are provided with spraying means (13, 15).

12. The battery of claim 1 characterized in that said positive pole and negative pole compartments have a volume of 9 and 4 to 5 liters respectively for an energy production of 20 kW per square meter of said membrane for a period of 5 minutes.

13. Electric generator system for driving an electrically powdered vehicle comprising the battery of claim 1 and a steady-state output generator.