Bipolar battery

• US 5,162,172 A
• Filed: 12/14/1990
• Issued: 11/10/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 12/14/1990
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: ARCH Development Corporation (University of Chicago)
• Original Assignee: ARCH Development Corporation (University of Chicago)
• Inventors: Kaun, Thomas D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Dixon, Jr., William R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): GALLO, CHRISTOPHER
• Application Number:
  US07/628,638
• Time in Patent Office: 697 Days
• Field of Search: 429/112, 429/152, 429/153, 429/154, 429/155, 429/174, 429/185, 429/210
• US Class Current: 429/155
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/39 working at high temperature
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/661 Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings H01M4/669 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/664 Ceramic materials
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/184 characterised by their shape or structure
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/191 Inorganic material
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/48 with bipolar electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

A bipolar battery having a plurality of cells. The bipolar battery includes: a negative electrode; a positive electrode and a separator element disposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, the separator element electrically insulating the electrodes from one another; an electrolyte disposed within at least one of the negative electrode, the positive electrode and the separator element; and an electrode containment structure including a cup-like electrode holder.

Claims

1. A bipolar battery having a plurality of cells with each of said cells comprising:

a negative electrode;

a positive electrode and a separator element disposed between said negative electrode and said positive electrode, said separator element electrically insulating said electrodes from one another;

an electrolyte disposed within at least one of said negative electrode, said positive electrode and said separator element where said electrolyte is in contact with both said electrodes; and

an electrode containment structure including a cup-like electrode holder, a perimeter metallic seal ring forming a negative electrode compartment and a peripheral ceramic seal ring electrically isolating said positive and negative electrodes.

2. The bipolar battery as defined in claim 1 wherein said negative electrode is selected from the group consisting of an alkaline metal alloy and an alkaline earth alloy.

3. The bipolar battery as defined in claim 1 wherein said positive electrode is selected from the group consisting of at least one chalcogenides.

4. The bipolar battery as defined in claim 2 wherein said metal alloy is selected from the group consisting of lithium alloy, sodium alloy, potassium alloy, calcium alloy, barium alloy and strontium alloy.

5. The bipolar battery as defined in claim 3 wherein said chalcogenide is selected from the group consisting of transition metal chalcogenides and sodium chalcogenides.

6. The bipolar battery as defined in claim 1 wherein said cup-like electrode holder comprises a refractory metal coated steel.

7. The bipolar battery as defined in claim 6 wherein said cup-like electrode holder includes lateral extension elements.

8. The bipolar battery as defined in claim 1 wherein said cup-like electrode holder comprises at least one of a graphite liner over steel and a refractory metal.

9. The bipolar battery as defined in claim 1 wherein said separator element comprises a ceramic material.

10. The bipolar battery as defined in claim 1 wherein said perimeter metallic seal ring further includes a negative electrode seal ring and a negative electrode flange ring.

11. The bipolar battery as defined in claim 6 wherein said cup-like electrode holder includes indentations permitting reciprocating action during cycling of said bipolar battery.

12. The bipolar battery as defined in claim 6 wherein said cup-like holder telescopically couples to the adjoining said cup-like holder and captures the perimeter of said separator element.

13. The bipolar battery as defined in claim 1 further including an external ceramic ring.

14. The bipolar battery as defined in claim 13 wherein said external ceramic ring is bonded to said peripheral ceramic seal ring.

15. The bipolar battery as defined in claim 13 further including an electrically insulating, humidity resistant seal of the opening between successive ones of said external ceramic rings.

16. The bipolar battery as defined in claim 1 further including a supportive peripheral ceramic seal ring.

17. The bipolar battery as defined in claim 1 wherein said peripheral ceramic seal ring comprises a sulfide ceramic.

18. The bipolar battery as defined in claim 1 wherein said electrode containment structure comprises at least two elements.

19. The bipolar battery as defined in claim 1 wherein said electrode containment structure is sealed using a sulfide ceramic material.

20. The bipolar battery as defined in claim 1 further including a dispersed current collecting network bonded to said cup-like electrode holder.

21. A bipolar battery cell, comprising:

a negative electrode;

a positive electrode and a separator element disposed between said negative electrode and said positive electrode, said separator element electrically insulating said electrodes from one another;

an electrolyte disposed within at least one of said negative electrode, said positive electrode and said separator element where said electrolyte is in contact with both said electrodes; and

an electrode containment structure including a cup-like electrode holder comprising a ceramic coating on a metal substrate, a perimeter metallic seal ring forming a negative electrode compartment and a peripheral ceramic seal ring electrically isolating said positive and negative electrodes.

22. The bipolar battery cell as defined in claim 21 wherein said cup-like electrode holder includes an intermetallic layer.

23. The bipolar battery intermetallic layer defined in claim 22 wherein said intermetallic layer is selected from the group consisting of aluminides, silicides and phosphides.