Processes for the preparation of toners
First Claim
1. A process for the preparation of toner particles with an average diameter from about 5 to about 25 microns, which comprises mixing from about 1 to about 10 monomers with a polymerization initiator, a crosslinking component and a chain transfer component;
- effecting bulk polymerization until from about 10 to about 40 weight percent of the monomer has polymerized;
mixing with the aforementioned partially polymerized product pigment or dye particles until an organic phase is formed;
dispersing the organic phase in water containing a stabilizing component selected from the group consisting of nonionic and ionic water soluble polymeric stabilizers, polyvinyl alcohol, gelatins, starches, gums, alginates, zein, and casein, which dispersion is accomplished with a high shear homogenizer, whereby there is obtained a suspension of toner particles in water; and
polymerizing the toner suspension, and wherein bulk and suspension polymerization are accomplished by heating to a temperature of from about 50°
to 100°
C.
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Abstract
A process for the preparation of toner particles which comprises mixing at least one resin monomer with a polymerization initiator, a crosslinking component and a chain transfer component; effecting bulk polymerization until partial polymerization has been accomplished; mixing with the aforementioned partially polymerized product pigment or dye particles, thereby forming an organic phase; dispersing the organic phase in water containing a stabilizing component whereby there is obtained a suspension of toner particles in water; and polymerizing the toner suspension.
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Citations
40 Claims
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1. A process for the preparation of toner particles with an average diameter from about 5 to about 25 microns, which comprises mixing from about 1 to about 10 monomers with a polymerization initiator, a crosslinking component and a chain transfer component;
- effecting bulk polymerization until from about 10 to about 40 weight percent of the monomer has polymerized;
mixing with the aforementioned partially polymerized product pigment or dye particles until an organic phase is formed;
dispersing the organic phase in water containing a stabilizing component selected from the group consisting of nonionic and ionic water soluble polymeric stabilizers, polyvinyl alcohol, gelatins, starches, gums, alginates, zein, and casein, which dispersion is accomplished with a high shear homogenizer, whereby there is obtained a suspension of toner particles in water; and
polymerizing the toner suspension, and wherein bulk and suspension polymerization are accomplished by heating to a temperature of from about 50°
to 100°
C. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22)
- effecting bulk polymerization until from about 10 to about 40 weight percent of the monomer has polymerized;
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23. A process for the preparation of toner particles with an average diameter of from about 5 to about 20 microns, which comprises mixing resin monomer, comonomers, or mixtures thereof and wherein from 1 to about 10 monomers are selected with a polymerization initiator, a crosslinking component and a chain transfer component;
- effecting bulk polymerization until from about 10 to about 40 weight percent of the monomer, comonomers, or mixtures thereof have been polymerized;
mixing with the partially polymerized product pigments or dyes thereby forming an organic phase;
dispersing the organic phase in water containing a stabilizing component selected from the group consisting of nonionic and ionic water soluble polymeric stabilizers, polyvinyl alcohol, gelatins, starches, gums, alginates, zein, and casein, which dispersion is accomplished with a high shear homogenizer, thereby obtaining a suspension of toner particles in water;
polymerizing the toner suspension whereby there are formed toner particles; and
subsequently washing and drying the toner particles, and wherein bulk and suspension polymerization are accomplished by heating to a temperature of from about 50°
to 120°
C. - View Dependent Claims (24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29)
- effecting bulk polymerization until from about 10 to about 40 weight percent of the monomer, comonomers, or mixtures thereof have been polymerized;
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30. A semisuspension polymerization process for obtaining toner particles with an average diameter of from about 5 to about 25 microns, and wherein from 1 to about 10 monomers are selected, which comprises mixing at least one resin monomer with a polymerization initiator, a crosslinking component and a chain transfer component;
- effecting bulk polymerization until from about 10 to about 40 weight percent of the said monomer has been polymerized;
mixing with the aforementioned partially polymerized product pigment or dye particles, thereby forming an organic phase;
dispersing the organic phase in water containing a stabilizing component selected from the group consisting of nonionic and ionic water soluble polymeric stabilizers, polyvinyl alcohol, gelatins, starches, gums, alginates, zein, and casein, which dispersion is accomplished with a high shear homogenizer, whereby there is obtained a suspension of toner particles in water; and
polymerizing the toner suspension. - View Dependent Claims (31)
- effecting bulk polymerization until from about 10 to about 40 weight percent of the said monomer has been polymerized;
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32. A process for the preparation of toner particles with an average diameter of from about 5 to about 25 microns and wherein from 1 to about 10 monomers are selected by semisuspension polymerization which comprises mixing at least one resin monomer with a polymerization initiator, a crosslinking component and a chain transfer component;
- effecting bulk polymerization until from about 10 to about 40 weight percent of the monomer has polymerized;
mixing with the aforementioned partially polymerized product pigments or dye particles until an organic phase is formed;
dispersing the organic phase in water containing a stabilizing component selected from the group consisting of nonionic and ionic water soluble polymeric stabilizers, polyvinyl alcohol, gelatins, starches, gums, alginates, zein, and casein, which dispersion is accomplished with a high shear homogenizer, whereby there is obtained a suspension of toner particles in water; and
polymerizing the toner suspension.
- effecting bulk polymerization until from about 10 to about 40 weight percent of the monomer has polymerized;
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33. A process which comprises mixing a monomer or comonomer with a polymerization initiator, a crosslinking component, and a chain transfer component;
- (2) effecting bulk polymerization by increasing the temperature of the aforementioned mixture from about 50°
C. to about 100°
C. until from about 10 to about 40 weight percent of monomer of comonomers have been polymerized;
(3) mixing with the aforementioned partially polymerized monomer product pigments and optional additive components with a high shear mixer thereby formulating a uniform organic phase;
(4) dispersing the organic phase into water containing a stabilizing component selected from the group consisting of nonionic and ionic water soluble polymeric stabilizers, polyvinyl alcohol, gelatins, starches, gums, alginates, zein, and casein, thereby forming a toner suspension;
(5) transferring the resulting toner suspension to a reactor and polymerizing by increasing the process temperature to about 55°
to about 120°
C. thereby completing the conversion of a monomer or comonomers to a polymer product;
(6) washing the resulting product;
(7) separating the polymer particle; and
(8) drying the toner particles obtained. - View Dependent Claims (34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40)
- (2) effecting bulk polymerization by increasing the temperature of the aforementioned mixture from about 50°
Specification