Passive universal communicator system
First Claim
1. In apparatus for two-way communication between a transmitter/receiver unit, called a controller, and at least one second transmitter/receiver unit, called a communicator,said controller comprising:
- (a) first means for generating a carrier signal;
(b) second means for modulating said carrier signal with a first informational signal to produce a first modulated carrier signal;
(c) third means for transmitting said first modulated carrier signal as a first electromagnetic wave signal to said communicator;
(d) fourth means for receiving a second electromagnetic wave signal transmitted by said communicator to reproduce a second modulated carrier signal; and
(e) fifth means for demodulating said second modulated carrier signal to reproduce a second informational signal;
each of said communicators comprising;
(a) sixth means for receiving said first electromagnetic wave signal transmitted by said controller to reproduce said first modulated carrier signal;
(b) seventh means for demodulating said first modulated carrier signal to reproduce said first informational signal;
(c) eighth means for backscatter modulating said first modulated carrier signal with a second informational signal to produce a second modulated carrier signal; and
(d) ninth means for transmitting said second modulated carrier signal as said second electromagnetic wave signal;
the improvement wherein said first means comprises means for pseudo-randomly varying the frequency or phase of said carrier signal and said fifth means includes means for mixing said carrier signal with said second modulated carrier signal,thereby to provide security against jamming, eavesdropping, and/or range gating on said first or second electromagnetic wave signal.
1 Assignment
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Accused Products
Abstract
A communication system includes a base station, called a "Controller" and one or more remote or satellite stations, each called a "Communicator". The controller arbitrates, controls and communicates with the communicators which are in range to receive its transmissions. The communicators receiving a particular controller'"'"'s transmission form a network for that controller for the period in which reception occurs. The controller is the only generator of electromagnetic radiation which it modulates with information relating to its own identity, transactions it undertakes and information it transfers. Each communicator modulates and re-radiates the received transmission using back-scatter. Back-scatter re-radiation keeps the communicator design simple and allows for very sensitive receiver design in the controller. In operation, the controller initiates communication with each communicator by establishing, through a handshake exchange, the unique communications channel it will maintain with that communicator. Once channels are established, the controller repetitively polls each communicator for a sequential, cumulative interchange of data. The controller continually looks out for new communicators entering its network and de-activates polling of communicators whose transactions are complete. Whenever a network is not active because there are no communicators present, or any in need of a transaction or data interchange, the controller polls at a reduced rate.
386 Citations
69 Claims
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1. In apparatus for two-way communication between a transmitter/receiver unit, called a controller, and at least one second transmitter/receiver unit, called a communicator,
said controller comprising: -
(a) first means for generating a carrier signal; (b) second means for modulating said carrier signal with a first informational signal to produce a first modulated carrier signal; (c) third means for transmitting said first modulated carrier signal as a first electromagnetic wave signal to said communicator; (d) fourth means for receiving a second electromagnetic wave signal transmitted by said communicator to reproduce a second modulated carrier signal; and (e) fifth means for demodulating said second modulated carrier signal to reproduce a second informational signal; each of said communicators comprising; (a) sixth means for receiving said first electromagnetic wave signal transmitted by said controller to reproduce said first modulated carrier signal; (b) seventh means for demodulating said first modulated carrier signal to reproduce said first informational signal; (c) eighth means for backscatter modulating said first modulated carrier signal with a second informational signal to produce a second modulated carrier signal; and (d) ninth means for transmitting said second modulated carrier signal as said second electromagnetic wave signal; the improvement wherein said first means comprises means for pseudo-randomly varying the frequency or phase of said carrier signal and said fifth means includes means for mixing said carrier signal with said second modulated carrier signal, thereby to provide security against jamming, eavesdropping, and/or range gating on said first or second electromagnetic wave signal. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3)
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4. In apparatus for two-way communication between a transmitter/receiver unit, called a controller, and at least one second transmitter/receiver unit, called a communicator,
said controller comprising: -
(a) first means for generating a carrier signal; (b) second means for modulating said carrier signal with a first informational signal to produce a first modulated carrier signal; (c) third means for transmitting said first modulated carrier signal as a first electromagnetic wave signal to said communicator; (d) fourth means for receiving a second electromagnetic wave signal transmitted by said communicator to reproduce a second modulated carrier signal; and (e) fifth means for demodulating said second modulated carrier signal to reproduce a second informational signal; each of said communicators comprising; (a) sixth means for receiving said first electromagnetic wave signal transmitted by said controller to reproduce said first modulated carrier signal; (b) seventh means for demodulating said first modulated carrier signal to reproduce said first informational signal; (c) eighth means for backscatter modulating said first modulated carrier signal with a second informational signal to produce a second modulated carrier signal; and (d) ninth means for transmitting said second modulated carrier signal as said second electromagnetic wave signal; the improvement wherein said third means and said ninth means include means for orthogonally polarizing said first and second electromagnetic wave signals with respect to each other, thereby to minimize cross talk and the sensitivity of the received signals to the relative orientation of said first and second antennas. - View Dependent Claims (5, 6, 7)
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8. In apparatus for two-way communication between a transmitter/receiver unit, called a controller, and at least one second transmitter/receiver unit, called a communicator,
said controller comprising: -
(a) first means for generating a carrier signal; (b) second means for modulating said carrier signal with a first informational signal to produce a first modulated carrier signal; (c) third means for transmitting said first modulated carrier signal as a first electromagnetic wave signal to said communicator; (d) fourth means for receiving a second electromagnetic wave signal transmitted by said communicator to reproduce a second modulated carrier signal; and (e) fifth means for demodulating said second modulated carrier signal to reproduce a second informational signal; each of said communicators comprising; (a) sixth means for receiving said first electromagnetic wave signal transmitted by said controller to reproduce said first modulated carrier signal; (b) seventh means for demodulating said first modulated carrier signal to reproduce said first informational signal; (c) eighth means for backscatter modulating said first modulated carrier signal with a second informational signal to produce a second modulated carrier signal; and (d) ninth means for transmitting said second modulated carrier signal as said second electromagnetic wave signal; the improvement wherein said sixth means and said ninth means include a common antenna, a common quadrature polarization changeover switch, and first and second feed line means connecting said changeover switch with orthogonal first and second feed points, respectively, on said antenna;
said changeover switch including means for alternating connections between said first and second feed line means, respectively, on one side, and the output of said sixth means and input of said ninth means, respectively, on the other side, thereby to alternate connection of said antenna between said sixth and said ninth means. - View Dependent Claims (9, 10, 11, 12, 13)
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14. In apparatus for two-way communication between a transmitter/receiver unit, called a controller, and at least one second transmitter/receiver unit, called a communicator,
said controller comprising: -
(a) first means for generating a carrier signal; (b) second means for modulating said carrier signal with a first informational signal to produce a first modulated carrier signal; (c) third means for transmitting said first modulated carrier signal as a first electromagnetic wave signal to said communicator; (d) fourth means for receiving a second electromagnetic wave signal transmitted by said communicator to reproduce a second modulated carrier signal; and (e) fifth means for demodulating said second modulated carrier signal to reproduce a second informational signal; each of said communicators comprising; (a) sixth means for receiving said first electromagnetic wave signal transmitted by said controller to reproduce said first modulated carrier signal; (b) seventh means for demodulating said first modulated carrier signal to reproduce said first informational signal; (c) eighth means for backscatter modulating said first modulated carrier signal with a second informational signal to produce a second modulated carrier signal; and (d) ninth means for transmitting said second modulated carrier signal as said second electromagnetic wave signal; the improvement wherein said seventh means comprises a delay line having first and second terminals at opposite ends and connected to receive said first modulated carrier signal at said first terminal and said second modulated carrier signal at said opposite terminal;
signal summing means having two inputs and an output;
a first diode connecting in the forward direction said first terminal with one of said inputs and a second diode connecting in the forward direction said second terminal with said other input;
said output of said summing means providing said first informational signal, independent of the standing wave ratio. - View Dependent Claims (15, 16)
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17. In apparatus for two-way communication between a transmitter/receiver unit, called a controller, and at least one second transmitter/receiver unit, called a communicator,
said controller comprising: -
(a) first means for generating a carrier signal; (b) second means for modulating said carrier signal with a first informational signal to produce a first modulated carrier signal; (c) third means for transmitting said first modulated carrier signal as a first electromagnetic wave signal to said communicator; (d) fourth means for receiving a second electromagnetic wave signal transmitted by said communicator to reproduce a second modulated carrier signal; and (e) fifth means for demodulating said second modulated carrier signal to reproduce a second informational signal; each of said communicators comprising; (a) sixth means for receiving said first electromagnetic wave signal transmitted by said controller to reproduce said first modulated carrier signal; (b) seventh means for demodulating said first modulated carrier signal to reproduce said first informational signal; (c) eighth means for backscatter modulating said first modulated carrier signal with a second informational signal to produce a second modulated carrier signal; and (d) ninth means for transmitting said second modulated carrier signal as said second electromagnetic wave signal; the improvement comprising tracking cancellation circuit means, coupled between said third means and said fourth means, for producing a cancellation signal in dependence upon said first modulated carrier signal, said cancellation signal being injected into the receiving path of said fourth means to reduce echo and cross talk in said second modulated carrier signal. - View Dependent Claims (18, 19)
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20. In apparatus for two-way communication between a transmitter/receiver unit, called a controller, and at least one second transmitter/receiver unit, called a communicator,
said controller comprising: -
(a) first means for generating a carrier signal; (b) second means for modulating said carrier signal with a first informational signal to produce a first modulated carrier signal; (c) third means for transmitting said first modulated carrier signal as a first electromagnetic wave signal to said communicator; (d) fourth means for receiving a second electromagnetic wave signal transmitted by said communicator to reproduce a second modulated carrier signal; and (e) fifth means for demodulating said second modulated carrier signal to reproduce a second informational signal; each of said communicators comprising; (a) sixth means for receiving said first electromagnetic wave signal transmitted by said controller to reproduce said first modulated carrier signal; (b) seventh means for demodulating said first modulated carrier signal to reproduce said first informational signal; (c) eighth means for backscatter modulating said first modulated carrier signal with a second informational signal to produce a second modulated carrier signal; and (d) ninth means for transmitting said second modulated carrier signal as said second electromagnetic wave signal; the improvement wherein said fifth means comprises a quadrature detector, coupled to said first means and said fourth means, for producing quadrature in-phase (I) and quadrature phase (Q) outputs and a quadrature summing amplifier, coupled to said quadrature detector, for summing said in-phase and quadrature phase outputs. - View Dependent Claims (21, 22)
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23. In apparatus for two-way communication between a transmitter/receiver unit, called a controller, and at least one second transmitter/receiver unit, called a communicator,
said controller comprising: -
(a) first means for generating a carrier signal; (b) second means for modulating said carrier signal with a first informational signal to produce a first modulated carrier signal; (c) third means for transmitting said first modulated carrier signal as a first electromagnetic wave signal to said communicator; (d) fourth means for receiving a second electromagnetic wave signal transmitted by said communicator to reproduce a second modulated carrier signal; and (e) fifth means for demodulating said second modulated carrier signal to reproduce a second informational signal; each of said communicators comprising; (a) sixth means for receiving said first electromagnetic wave signal transmitted by said controller to reproduce said first modulated carrier signal; (b) seventh means for demodulating said first modulated carrier signal to reproduce said first informational signal; (c) eighth means for backscatter modulating said first modulated carrier signal with a second informational signal to produce a second modulated carrier signal; and (d) ninth means for transmitting said second modulated carrier signal as said second electromagnetic wave signal; the improvement wherein said second means includes means for amplitude modulating said carrier signal with three zone bit coding, a first zone bit being modulated at the 100% level; a second zone bit being modulated between the 50 and 100% levels in dependence upon said first informational signal; and a third zone bit being modulated at the 50% level. - View Dependent Claims (24, 25)
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26. In apparatus for two-way communication between a transmitter/receiver unit, called a controller, and at least one second transmitter/receiver unit, called a communicator,
said controller comprising: -
(a) first means for generating a carrier signal; (b) second means for modulating said carrier signal with a first informational signal to produce a first modulated carrier signal; (c) third means for transmitting said first modulated carrier signal as a first electromagnetic wave signal to said communicator; (d) fourth means for receiving a second electromagnetic wave signal transmitted by said communicator to reproduce a second modulated carrier signal; and (e) fifth means for demodulating said second modulated carrier signal to reproduce a second informational signal; each of said communicators comprising; (a) sixth means for receiving said first electromagnetic wave signal transmitted by said controller to reproduce said first modulated carrier signal; (b) seventh means for demodulating said first modulated carrier signal to reproduce said first informational signal; (c) eighth means for backscatter modulating said first modulated carrier signal with a second informational signal to produce a second modulated carrier signal; and (d) ninth means for transmitting said second modulated carrier signal as said second electromagnetic wave signal; the improvement wherein said eighth means includes image reject mixer means and means for selecting one of the upper and lower sidebands for single sideband modulation.
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27. In apparatus for two-way communication between a transmitter/receiver unit, called a controller, and at least one second transmitter/receiver unit, called a communicator,
said controller comprising: -
(a) first means for generating a carrier signal; (b) second means for modulating said carrier signal with a first informational signal to produce a first modulated carrier signal; (c) third means for transmitting said first modulated carrier signal as a first electromagnetic wave signal to said communicator; (d) fourth means for receiving a second electromagnetic wave signal transmitted by said communicator to reproduce a second modulated carrier signal; and (e) fifth means for demodulating said second modulated carrier signal to reproduce a second informational signal; each of said communicators comprising; (a) sixth means for receiving said first electromagnetic wave signal transmitted by said controller to reproduce said first modulated carrier signal; (b) seventh means for demodulating said first modulated carrier signal to reproduce said first informational signal; (c) eighth means for backscatter modulating said first modulated carrier signal with a second informational signal to produce a second modulated carrier signal; and (d) ninth means for transmitting said second modulated carrier signal as said second electromagnetic wave signal; the improvement wherein said fifth means includes image reject mixer means for mixing both said carrier signal and a 90°
delayed version of said carrier signal with said second modulated carrier signal;
means for separating the upper and lower sidebands; and
means for demodulating the selected sideband.
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28. In apparatus for two-way communication between a transmitter/receiver unit, called a controller, and at least one second transmitter/receiver unit, called a communicator,
said controller comprising: -
(a) first means for generating a carrier signal; (b) second means for modulating said carrier signal with a first informational signal to produce a first modulated carrier signal; (c) third means including a first antenna for transmitting said first modulated carrier signal as a first electromagnetic wave signal to said communicator; (d) fourth means including said first antenna for receiving a second electromagnetic wave signal transmitted by said communicator to reproduce a second modulated carrier signal; and (e) fifth means for demodulating said second modulated carrier signal to reproduce a second informational signal; each of said communicators comprising; (a) sixth means including a second antenna for receiving said first electromagnetic wave signal transmitted by said controller to reproduce said first modulated carrier signal; (b) seventh means for demodulating said first modulated carrier signal to reproduce said first informational signal; (c) eighth means for backscatter modulating said first modulated carrier signal with a second informational signal to produce said second modulated carrier signal; and (d) ninth means including said second antenna for transmitting said second modulated carrier signal as said second electromagnetic wave signal; the improvement wherein said third means and said fourth means include means for orthogonally polarizing said first and second electromagnetic wave signals with respect to each other, thereby to minimize cross talk and the sensitivity of the received signals to the relative orientation of said first and second antennas. - View Dependent Claims (29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51)
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52. In apparatus for two-way communication between a transmitter/receiver unit, called a controller, and at least one second transmitter/receiver unit, called a communicator,
said controller comprising: -
(a) first means for generating a carrier signal; (b) second means for modulating said carrier signal with a first informational signal to produce a first modulated carrier signal; (c) third means for transmitting said first modulated carrier signal as a first electromagnetic wave signal to said communicator; (d) fourth means for receiving a second electromagnetic wave signal transmitted by said communicator to reproduce a second modulated carrier signal; and (e) fifth means for demodulating said second modulated carrier signal to reproduce a second informational signal; each of said communicators comprising; (a) sixth means for receiving said first electromagnetic wave signal transmitted by said controller to reproduce said first modulated carrier signal; (b) seventh means for demodulating said first modulated carrier signal to reproduce said first informational signal; (c) eighth means for backscatter modulating said first modulated carrier signal with a second informational signal to produce a second modulated carrier signal; and (d) ninth means for transmitting said second modulated carrier signal as said second electromagnetic wave signal; the improvement wherein said seventh means comprises a delay line having first and second terminals at opposite ends and connected to receive said first modulated carrier signal at said first terminal and said second modulated carrier signal at said opposite terminal;
signal summing means having two inputs and an output;
a first diode connecting in the forward direction said first terminal with one of said inputs and a second diode connecting in the forward direction said second terminal with said other input;
said output of said summing means providing said first informational signal. - View Dependent Claims (53, 54)
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55. A communication system for use in an area having a human environment delimited from below by a floor and from above by an overhead environment substantially clear of human presence, said communication system comprising:
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(a) a first information source for independently generating first information; (b) a second information source for independently generating second information; (c) a plurality of controllers, each coupled to said first information source and arranged in said overhead environment, for producing a substantially downwardly directed communication beam, imparting said first information to said beam, receiving a reradiated version of said beam and detecting therefrom said second information, the controllers being arranged such that the beams substantially contiguously irradiated a region of said human environment; and (d) at least one communicator, coupled to said second information source and arranged in said human environment, having means for receiving one of said beams, detecting said first information from said one beam and supplying said first information to an information user, said communicator including means for reradiating said one beam in the direction of the controller that produced it and means for imparting said second information to the reradiated version of said beam. - View Dependent Claims (56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69)
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Specification