Solder joint locator

• US 5,164,994 A
• Filed: 12/21/1989
• Issued: 11/17/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 12/21/1989
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Raytheon Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Hughes Aircraft Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Inventors: Bushroe, Michael W.
• Primary Examiner(s): Moore, David K.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Stellrecht, Barry
• Application Number:
  US07/454,804
• Time in Patent Office: 1,062 Days
• Field of Search: 382/8, 382/25, 382/28, 356/237, 378/58
• US Class Current: 382/150
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 23/083 the radiation being X-rays
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 23/18 Investigating the presence of flaws defects or foreign matter
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2207/30152 Solder
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 7/60 Analysis of geometric attributes

Abstract

A system (82) and method for locating features in an image. In the preferred embodiments, the present invention accepts as input a tilted view X-ray image of a PC board (10), as well as expected locations of solder joints (18) in the PC board (10). The present invention then determines the actual center locations (32) of these solder joints (18) by defining windows within the image and checking individual areas within the window, to see if they fall below a predetermined threshold. In addition, the system (82) determines if these pixels are connected to other pixels that have been previously determined to be part of the solder joint (18). Finally, the system (82) determines the center of the group of pixels determined to be part of the solder joint and displays the coordinate location of this center.

Claims

1. A system for automatically detecting features in an image, said system comprising:

means for measuring the intensity of pixels in said image, each pixel having a coordinate location;

means for storing said measured intensity valves;

means for defining a window within said image, the window having one of said predetermined expected feature locations at its center pixel;

means for labeling the center pixel;

means for determining if the intensity of pixels within said window are below a predetermined upper threshold;

means for determining if pixels found to be below said predetermined upper threshold are connected to the center pixel, and for labeling those pixels;

means for determining if pixels found to be below the predetermined upper threshold are connected to any pixels previously labeled, and for labeling those pixels also;

means for determining the center of the group of labeled pixels; and

means for displaying the coordinate location of said center.

2. The system of claim 1 further comprising:

means for determining said upper threshold comprising means for measuring the intensity of a calibration portion of said image;

means for determining the darkest pixel in the neighborhood of the center pixel;

means for comparing said darkest pixel with the calibration portion; and

means for setting the upper threshold equal to said darkest pixel plus a predetermined constant if it is darker than the calibration portion.

3. The system of claim 2 wherein said means for determining the upper threshold further comprises means for identifying the feature if said darkest pixel is lighter than the calibration portion.

4. The system of claim 1 wherein said image is a tilted view X-ray image of a printed circuit board.

5. The system of claim 4 wherein said feature is a solder joint in a plated-through hole in said printed circuit board.

6. A system for automatically determining the position of features in an image, said system comprising:

means for measuring the intensity of pixels in said image, said pixels having coordinate locations in said image;

means for storing said measured intensity values;

means for defining a window within said image having a predetermined expected feature location at its center pixel;

means for dividing said window into a plurality of sub-windows;

means for labeling the pixels in the sub-window surrounding the center of the window as feature pixels;

means for determining the average intensity of pixels within each of said sub-windows;

means for determining if the average intensity of pixels within each sub-window are below a predetermined upper threshold;

means for determining if pixels in sub-windows found to be below said predetermined upper threshold are connected to feature pixels and for labeling those as feature pixels;

means for determining if pixels in sub-windows found to be below the predetermined upper threshold are connected to any pixels previously labeled feature pixels, and labeling those pixels also as feature pixels;

means for determining the center of the group of the feature pixels; and

means for displaying the coordinate location of said center.

7. The system of claim 6 further comprising:

means for determining said upper threshold comprising means for measuring the intensity of a calibration portion of said image;

means for determining the darkest pixel in the neighborhood of the center pixel;

means for comparing said darkest pixel with the calibration portion; and

means for setting the upper threshold equal to said darkest pixel plus a predetermined constant if it is darker than the calibration portion.

8. The system of claim 7 wherein said means for determining the upper threshold further comprises means for identifying the feature if said darkest pixel is lighter than the calibration portion.

9. The system of claim 6 wherein said image is a tilted view X-ray image of a printed circuit board.

10. The system of claim 9 wherein said feature is a solder joint in a plated-through hole in said printed circuit board.

11. A system for testing printed circuit boards for solder joint locations by analyzing an X-ray image of the printed circuit board, said system comprising:

means for measuring the intensity of pixels in said image, said pixels having coordinate locations in said image;

means for storing said measured intensity valves;

means for defining a window within said image having a predetermined expected joint location at its center pixel;

means for dividing said window into a plurality of sub-windows;

means for labeling the pixels in the sub-window surrounding the center of the window as joint pixels;

means for determining the average intensity of pixels within each of said sub-windows;

means for determining if the average intensity of pixels within each sub-window are below a predetermined upper threshold;

means for determining if pixels in sub-windows found to be below said predetermined upper threshold are connected to joint pixels and for labeling those joint pixels;

means for determining if pixels in subs-windows found to be below the predetermined upper threshold are connected to any pixels previously labeled feature pixels, and labeling those pixels also joint pixels;

means for determining the center of the group of the joint pixels; and

means for displaying the coordinate location of said center.

12. The system of claim 11 further comprising:

means for determining said upper threshold further comprising means for measuring the intensity of a calibration portion of said image;

means for determining the darkest pixel in the neighborhood of the center pixel;

means for comparing said darkest pixel with the calibration portion; and

means for setting the upper threshold equal to said darkest pixel plus a predetermined constant if it is darker than the calibration portion.

13. A method for automatically determining the position of features in an image, said method comprising the steps of:

measuring the intensity of pixels in said image, said pixels having coordinate locations in said image;

storing said measured intensity values;

defining a window within said image having a predetermined expected feature location at its center pixel;

dividing said window into a plurality of sub-windows;

labeling the pixels in the sub-window surrounding the center of the window as feature pixels;

determining the average intensity of pixels within each of said sub-windows;

determining if the average intensity of pixels within each sub-window are below a predetermined upper threshold;

determining if pixels in sub-window found to be below said predetermined upper threshold are connected to feature pixels and for labeling those as feature pixels;

determining if pixels in sub-windows found to be below the predetermined threshold are connected to any pixels previously labeled feature pixels, and labeling those pixels also as feature pixels;

determining the center of the group of the feature pixels; and

displaying the coordinate location of said center.

14. The system of claim 13 further comprising:

determining said upper threshold comprising means for measuring the intensity of a calibration portion of said image;

determining the darkest pixel in the neighborhood of the center pixel;

comparing said darkest pixel with the calibration portion; and

setting the upper threshold equal to said darkest pixel plus a predetermined constant if it is darker than the calibration portion.

15. The system of claim 13 wherein determining the upper threshold further comprises stopping the system and identifying the feature if said darkest pixel is lighter than the calibration portion.

16. A method for automatically testing a printed circuit board to determine the position of solder joints in a tilted view X-ray image of the printed circuit joint or circuit board, said method comprising:

measuring the intensity of pixels in said image, said pixels having coordinate locations in said image;

storing said measured intensity values;

defining a window within said image having a predetermined expected joint location at its center pixel;

dividing said window into a plurality of sub-windows;

labeling the pixels in the sub-window surrounding the center of the window as joint pixels;

determining the average intensity of pixels within each of said sub-windows;

determining if the average intensity of pixels within each sub-window are below a predetermined upper threshold;

determining if pixels in sub-windows found to be below said upper threshold are connected to joint pixels and for labeling those joint pixels;

determining if pixels in subs-windows found to be below the threshold are connected to any pixels previously labeled feature pixels, and labeling those pixels also joint pixels;

determining the center of the group of the joint pixels; and

displaying the coordinate location of said center.