Ventilator and oscillator for use therewith and method

• US 5,165,398 A
• Filed: 09/24/1991
• Issued: 11/24/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 12/08/1989
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: The October Company Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Bird, Forrest M.
• Inventors: Bird, Forrest M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Burr, Edgar S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Asher, Kimberly L.
• Application Number:
  US07/764,998
• Time in Patent Office: 427 Days
• Field of Search: 128/204.25, 128/204.18, 128/204.24, 128/204.26, 128/205.23, 128/205.24
• US Class Current: 128/204.25
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/0006 with means for creating vibrations in patients' airways
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/0051 with alarm devices
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/0096 High frequency jet ventilation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/021 operated by electrical means A61M16/202 – A61M16/205 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/0825 with ball-sockets
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/0833 T- or Y-type connectors, e.g. Y-piece
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/0841 for sampling
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/0858 Pressure sampling ports
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/0866 Passive resistors therefor
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/1055 bacterial
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/107 in the inspiratory path
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2016/003 with a flowmeter

Abstract

A ventilator in combination with a pneumatic oscillator cartridge comprising a body with an inlet, an outlet, a diaphragm operated valve, and a servo port. An adjustable valve is provided for metering the flow of gas from the outlet to the servo port to provide cyclic operation of the oscillator cartridge. A pneumatic clutching assembly is provided which has an inlet and an outlet. The outlet of the oscillator cartridge is connected to the inlet of the pneumatic clutching assembly. An oscillator canister is provided which has an inlet and an outlet. The outlet of the pneumatic clutching means is coupled to the inlet of the oscillator canister. The oscillator canister has a shaft, a diaphragm mounted on the shaft and separating the canister into first and second chambers. Countersprings are mounted on the shaft. The oscillator canister serves to supply and withdraw small volumes of gas to and from the patient adaptor. The small volumes of gas are superimposed upon the continuous flow of gas to the patient adaptor whereby dynamic volumetric diffusive ventilation is supplied to the patient.

Claims

1. In a ventilator adapted to be connected to a source of gas under pressure, a case, an inlet carried by the case and adapted to be connected to the source of gas, a pneumatic oscillator cartridge mounted in the case and having a body with an inlet and an outlet and a flow passage interconnecting the inlet and the outlet, diaphragm operated valve means mounted within the body and movable between open and closed positions for interrupting the flow of gas from the inlet to the outlet, a servo port in communication with the diaphragm operated valve means, means for supplying gas from the outlet to the servo port to operate the valve means, adjustable valve means for metering the flow of gas from the outlet to the servo port to provide cyclic operation of the oscillator cartridge, a patient adapter having an inlet, means supplying a continuous flow of gas to the inlet of the patient adapter, exhalation means connected to the inlet of the patient adapter for permitting gas to escape to ambient, pneumatic clutching means having an inlet and an outlet, means connecting the outlet of the oscillator cartridge to the inlet of the pneumatic clutching means, an oscillator canister having an inlet and an outlet, means coupling the outlet of the pneumatic clutching means to the inlet of the oscillator canister, means coupling the outlet of the oscillator canister to the inlet of the patient adapter, said oscillator canister having a shaft, a diaphragm mounted on the shaft and separating said canister into first and second chambers on opposite sides of the diaphragm with the first chamber being in communication with the inlet of the oscillator canister and the second chamber being in communication with the outlet of the oscillator canister, counterspring means mounted on said shaft, said oscillator canister serving to supply and withdraw small volumes of gas to and from the patient adapter, said small volumes of gas being superimposed upon the continuous flow of gas to the patient adapter whereby dynamic volumetric diffusive ventilation is supplied to the patient.

2. A ventilator as in claim 1 wherein the pneumatic clutching means causes said oscillator canister to operate at a constant stroke.

3. A ventilator as in claim 1 wherein said counterspring means comprises a counterspring mounted on the shaft on each side of the diaphragm.

4. A ventilator as in claim 1 wherein said diaphragm in the oscillation canister has an annular thin walled convolution therein with a thickness which is substantially less than the thickness of the remainder of the diaphragm.

5. A ventilator as in claim 1 wherein said exhalation means includes a body having an exhalation port, valve means mounted in said body movable between open and closed positions with respect to the exhalation port for controlling the flow of gas from the patient adapter through the exhalation port and spring means carried by the body for yieldably urging the valve member towards a closed position.

6. A ventilator as in claim 5 together with adjustable means carried by the body of the exhalation means for adjusting the force applied by the spring to the valve member to thereby provide a constant pressure against which the patient must breathe.

7. A ventilator as in claim 5 together with pneumatically operated means connected to the body for controlling the movement of the valve means.

8. A ventilator as in claim 7 wherein said pneumatic means for controlling the operation of the valve means includes a timing cartridge with a body with an inlet and an outlet and a flow passage interconnecting the inlet to the outlet, a valve member carried by the body of the timing cartridge and movable between open and closed positions with respect to the outlet, a servo port carried by the body of the timing circuit for supplying gas to the diaphragm and adjustable valve means for connecting the outlet of the timing cartridge to the servo port of the timing cartridge for controlling the operation of the timing cartridge.

9. A ventilator as in claim 5 together with means coupled to the inlet of the body of the exhalation means, and means for supplying gas to the inlet of the body so that the patient is forced to breathe against a constant positive airway pressure.

10. A ventilator as in claim 9 wherein said means for causing the patient to breathe against a constant positive airway pressure consists of a body having an inlet connected to the inlet of the case and having an outlet with a flow passage between the inlet and the outlet, adjustable diaphragm operated valve means for controlling the flow of gas from inlet to the outlet, a servo port carried by the body for supplying gas to the diaphragm operated means and means connecting the servo port of the body to the patient adapter whereby a constant positive airway pressure is provided to the patient.

11. A ventilator as in claim 1 together with overpressure governor means connected to the means for supplying gas continuously to the patient adapter and having a fail safe condition so that it will open to ambient in the event of an overpressure condition.

12. A ventilator as in claim 11 wherein said overpressure governor means includes exhalation valve means having a port open to ambient which in the event of interruption of flow of gas to the patient will permit the patient to obtain ambient air through said port open to ambient.

13. A ventilator as in claim 1 together with means for giving a visual indication of the metered flow of gas being supplied to the patient adapter.

14. A ventilator as in claim 1 together with pressure measuring means connected to the canister for monitoring selectively the peak-to-peak pressure generated in the canister.

15. A ventilator as in claim 14 wherein said means for monitoring the oscillator canister includes means for measuring the positive pressure rise and the sub-ambient pressure drop.

16. A ventilator as in claim 15 wherein the high frequency oscillation is maintained at a frequency of approximately 900 cycles per minute.

17. A ventilator as in claim 1 together with heated humidifier means for supplying humidified gases to the patient adapter.

18. A ventilator as in claim 1 wherein said oscillator canister supplies small volumes of gas at a frequency ranging from 300 to 1500 cycles per minute.

19. A ventilator as in claim 18 wherein said oscillator canister operates on a closed circuit of gas.

20. A ventilator as in claim 1 together with spoiler means coupled to the patient adapter for increasing the peak-to-peak pressure band width.

21. A ventilator as in claim 1 together with means for monitoring the pressures in the oscillator canister as well as peak positive and peak sub-ambient pressures.

22. A ventilator as in claim 1 wherein a timing cartridge is provided having a split timing circuit permitting independent synchronized uploading and downloading for establishing both negative and positive i/e and I/E ratios during cycling.

23. A ventilator as in claim 1 together with a pressurized governor connected to the patient adapter for supplying a continuous flow of gas to the patient adapter.

24. In a method for ventilating the airway of a patient from a source of gas under pressure comprising the steps of providing a canister having an inlet adapted to be coupled to the source of gas an outlet adapted to be coupled to the airway of the patient, providing a diaphragm in the canister having a central portion and a outer annular convoluted portion to provide a servoing chamber and a percussion chamber on opposite sides of the diaphragm, providing first and second countersprings respectively in the servoing chamber and percussion chamber on opposite sides of the central portion of the diaphragm, supplying gas from the source of gas under pressure to the servoing chamber to provide a pneumatic force to cause movement of the convoluted portion of the diaphragm in a first direction followed by the central portion of the diaphragm against the force of the second counterspring until a centered position is achieved, depressurizing the servoing chamber to cause motion of the convoluted portion of the diaphragm in a second direction followed by the central portion of the diaphragm against the force of the first counterspring until a centered position is achieved and thereby supplying a plurality of small volumes of gas with rapid changes in pressure to the airway of the patient during each inspiratory phase, and withdrawing a plurality of small volumes of gas with rapid changes in pressure from the airway of the patient during each expiratory phase whereby dynamic diffusive ventilation is supplied to the airway of the patient.

25. A method as in claim 24 wherein the small volumes of gas are constant volumes.

26. A method as in claim 24 wherein the gases are supplied to and withdrawn from the airway of the patient at a frequency ranging from 200 to 1500 cycles per minute.

27. A method as in claim 24 together with the step of causing the patient to exhale in the expiratory phase against a positive pressure.

28. A method as in claim 24 together with the step of timing when the exhalation phase can commence.

29. A method as in claim 27 together with a step of providing a constant positive pressure.

30. A method as in claim 24 together with the step of measuring peak-to-peak pressures in the airway of the patient.

31. A ventilator adapted to be connected to a source of gas under pressure and to a patient airway;

means adapted to be coupled to the patient airway for supplying gas under pressure to provide a flow of gas to the patient airway during the inspiratory phase, means adapted to be coupled to the patient airway permitting gases from the airway of the patient to be discharged to ambient; and

means for supplying small volumes of gas with rapid changes in pressure to the patient'"'"'s airway and for withdrawing small volume'"'"'s of gas with rapid changes in pressure from the patient'"'"'s airway, said means for supplying and withdrawing comprising an oscillator having a housing which defines a space with an inlet and an outlet in communication with the space, the outlet being adapted to be coupled to the patient airway, a diaphragm having first and second sides mounted within the housing serving to divide the space in the housing into a first servoing chamber and second percussion chamber with the first servoing chamber being in communication with the inlet and with the second percussion chamber being in communication with the outlet said diaphragm having a central portion and an annular convoluted portion disposed outwardly from the central portion, first and second yieldable spring means disposed respectively on the first and second sides of the diaphragm and servoing to yieldably retain the diaphragm in a centered position, pneumatic means for supplying pulses of gas to the first servoing chamber to cause repeated movement of the convoluted portion of the diaphragm in one direction followed by the central portion against the force of the yieldable means in accordance with the pulses of gas the movement of said diaphragm with respect to said second percussion chamber causing the supplying of a plurality of small volumes of gas with rapid changes in pressure to the patient airway superimposed upon the flow of gas to the airway of the patient during each inspiratory phase and causing the withdrawing of small volumes of gas with rapid changes in pressure from the airway of the patient by permitting repeated movement of the convoluted portion of the diaphragm followed by the central portion in an opposite direction against the force of the yieldable means during the times when pulses of gas are not being supplied to the servoing chamber during each expiratory phase whereby diffusive ventilation is provided for the patient.

32. A ventilator as in claim 31 together with a shaft secured to said central portion of the diaphragm, guide means carried by the housing for guiding the movement of the shaft as the diaphragm is moved and wherein said springs are disposed on said shaft.

33. A ventilator as in claim 32 wherein said diaphragm, said shaft and said springs have a low inertia with respect to reciprocatorial movement of the diaphragm to permit a rapid changeover in the movement of the diaphragm in opposite directions whereby rapid pressure changes are created in a transition from supplying a small volume of gas to withdrawing a small volume of gas.

34. A ventilator as in claim 31 wherein said convoluted portion of the diaphragm is provided with an annular thin-walled convolution having a wall thickness which is substantially less than the thickness of the central portion of the diaphragm.

35. A ventilator as in claim 31 wherein said pneumatic means includes a venturi-like passage for increasing the flow of gas into the first chamber when gas is supplied to the pneumatic means.

36. A ventilator as in claim 31 wherein said pneumatic means includes a cylindrical hollow body having a cylindrical passage extending therethrough, said body having an exhalation port in communication with the cylindrical passage, a venturi body slidably mounted with the body and spring means for yieldably urging said venturi body into sealing engagement with the body to close off said exhalation port, said venturi body having a venturi-like passage therein and an inlet in communication with the venturi-like passage, and means carried by the body for supplying gas from the source of gas to the inlet in communication with the venturi-like passageway.