Identification system

• US 5,166,676 A
• Filed: 02/16/1990
• Issued: 11/24/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 02/15/1984
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Destron Fearing Corporation (Merck & Co., Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Destron/Idi Incorporated
• Inventors: Milheiser, Thomas A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Weldon, Ulysses
• Application Number:
  US07/484,458
• Time in Patent Office: 1,012 Days
• Field of Search: 340/825.54, 340/825.55, 340/825.69, 340/825.72, 340/825.34, 340/825.94, 340/572, 455/118, 455/41, 375/45, 375/46, 375/62, 375/49, 370/53
• US Class Current: 340/10.34
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/0723 the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
• CPC Class Codes: G07C 9/28 the pass enabling tracking or indicating presence
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 7/044 using a single bit, e.g. start stop bit
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 7/046 using a dotting sequence

Abstract

A passive integrated transponder (PIT) is attached to or embedded in an item to be identified. It is excited via an inductive coupling from an interrogator. The PIT responds to the interrogator via the inductive coupling with a signal constituting a stream of data unique to the identified item. The signal is in the form of two different frequencies, a shift from one frequency to the second during a bit cell representing a data "one", and a shift from the second frequency to the first frequency representing a data "zero". The responsive signal is then detected and processed for utilization in a data storage or display device.

Claims

1. A transponder for use in an identification system of the class comprising an interrogator adapted to transmit a continuous RF interrogation signal of a high frequency to said transponder and to receive and process an identification signal that is transmitted from said transponder, said transponder comprising;

means for detecting said RF interrogation signal,

means coupled to said detecting means for deriving a synchronous clock signal from said RF interrogation signal by division thereof in integer division means,

means coupled to said detecting means for deriving first and second transmission frequencies from said RF interrogation signal by division thereof in integer division means, said first and second frequencies being of individually different frequencies that are low relative to the frequency of said RF interrogation signal and that are high relative to the frequency of said derived synchronous clock signal,

means for storing an identification code comprising a sequence of digital bits in solid state memory means,

means responsive to said derived synchronous clock signal for retrieving said identification code from said storing means, and

means coupled to said identification code retrieving means and to said means for deriving said first and said transmission frequencies for transmitting a frequency-shift-keyed identification signal varying between said first and second transmission frequencies, said identification signal comprising a number of data bits transmitted in bit cells synchronized to said derived clock signal and therefore also to said RF interrogation signal, the data in each of the bit cells of said identification signal varying in accordance with said stored identification code.

2. The transponder of claim 1 wherein said first and second frequencies and said synchronous clock signal are derived from said RF interrogation signal by integer division thereof in cascaded flip-flop circuit elements.

3. The transponder of claim 1 wherein said frequency-shift-keyed signal varies between first and second frequencies in the center of the bit cells that are established by said derived clock signal, the direction of the variation being in accordance with the data value encoded in the bit cell.

4. The transponder of claim 1 wherein said solid state memory means comprises a diode matrix.

5. The transponder of claim 1 wherein said identification signal includes a preamble portion preceding an identification code.

6. The transponder of claim 5 wherein said identification signal includes a third portion between said preamble portion and said identification code.

7. The transponder of claim 6 wherein said preamble portion and said identification code each include data encoded according to a first format, and said third portion includes data encoded according to a second format.

8. The transponder of claim 7 further comprising means for inductively coupling the transponder to an interrogator for obtaining power therefrom.

9. The transponder of claim 6 wherein said preamble portion includes a predetermined number of cycles of frequency shift keyed signals respectively recurring with the duration of each said cycle corresponding to the duration of a bit cell length for said identification code, and

said third portion having at least two cycles of frequency shift keyed signals each having a duration greater than the duration of one of said preamble portion cycles.

10. The transponder of claim 9 wherein said third portion concludes with at least one cycle of frequency shift keyed signals having a duration equivalent to the length of a bit cell for said identification code.