Differential electronic imaging system

• US 5,168,528 A
• Filed: 08/20/1990
• Issued: 12/01/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 08/20/1990
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: ITT Corporation (ITT, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: ITT Corporation (ITT, Inc.)
• Inventors: Field, Robert J. Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): Boudreau, Leo H.
• Application Number:
  US07/569,206
• Time in Patent Office: 834 Days
• Field of Search: 382/1, 382/68, 382/50, 382/22, 358/113, 358/125, 358/126, 356/51, 455/609, 250/332, 250/334, 250/208.1
• US Class Current: 382/103
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 3/7865 using correlation of the live video image with a stored image
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 5/50 using two or more images, e.g. averaging or subtraction
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 23/23 from thermal infrared radiation
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 25/672 between adjacent sensors or output registers for reading a single image
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/33 Transforming infrared radiation cameras or camera modules for generating image signals from infrared radiation H04N23/20; circuitry of SSIS for transforming infrared radiation into image signals H04N25/20

Abstract

A differential electronic imaging system has a diode array camera and a plurality of A/D processing circuits connected to the respective diode pixel elements in parallel. The A/D processing circuits are operated in successive frame periods including a first partial period for processing an object-plus-FBP image and a second partial period for processing a fixed background pattern (FBP) image, in order to derive digital differential image data representing the object image alone. The use of parallel processing eliminates the bottleneck of conventional serial processing of the pixels of the image plane, and permits better sensitivity and image resolution. The use of the A/D processing circuits for direct conversion of the object-plus-FBP image minus the FBP image in each frame period eliminates readout noise, high frequency noise errors, FBP drift errors, and storage requirements for the FBP image. Other features include a chopper section synchronized to the clock cycle for each frame period, which also selectively controls a laser source for applications of the system as a target locator.

Claims

1. A differential electronic imaging system comprising:

an array formed with a plurality of photosensors arranged in a matrix, each of which receives input light for a respective pixel in an image plane of an input image and outputs an analog sensor signal in correspondence therewith;

a plurality of sensor signal processing circuits, each of which is connected to a respective one of said plurality of photosensors and includes a conversion element for converting the analog sensor signal from the respective photosensor into corresponding differential image data, and output means for outputting said differential image data;

a means for generating clock signals for controlling said sensor signal processing circuits to provide differential image data representing an object image alone, and

display processing means for receiving the differential image data from the respective sensor signal processing circuits in order to generate a display corresponding to the input image, said means for generating clock signals for controlling said sensor signal processing circuits in successive frame periods, each frame period including a first partial period for processing an object-plus-FBP image and a second partial period for processing a fixed background pattern (FBP) image, in order to process differential image data representing the object image alone.

2. A differential electronic imaging apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an imaging mirror for receiving a thermal image of an object thereon and subtly deforming in response thereto, a laser source for directing a laser beam at said imaging mirror, and an interferometer for combining laser light reflected from said imaging mirror with a split-off portion of the laser beam in order to generate an interference pattern corresponding to the thermal image of the object as the input image to said imaging apparatus.

3. A differential electronic imaging system comprising:

an array formed with a plurality of photosensors arranged in a matrix, each of which receives input light for a respective pixel in an image plane of an input image and outputs an analog sensor signal in correspondence therewith;

a plurality of sensor signal processing circuits, each of which is connected to a respective one of said plurality of photosensors and includes a conversion element for converting the analog sensor signal from the respective photosensor into corresponding differential image data, and output means for outputting said differential image data;

a means for generating clock signals for controlling said sensor signal processing circuits to provide differential image data representing an object image alone; and

display processing means for receiving the differential image data from the respective sensor signal processing circuits in order to generate a display corresponding to the input image, said means for generating clock signals controlling said sensor signal processing circuits in successive frame periods, each frame period including a first partial period for processing an object-plus-FBP image and a second partial period for processing a fixed background pattern (FBP) image, in order to process differential image data representing the object image alone,

said plurality of sensor signal processing circuits each includes integrating means for integrating the analog sensor signal of the respective photosensor in one direction during the first partial period for processing the object-plus-FBP image, and in an opposite direction during the second partial period for processing the FBP image, in order to derive the differential image data representing the object image alone.

4. A differential electronic imaging system comprising:

an array formed with a plurality of photosensors arranged in a matrix, each of which receives input light for a respective pixel in an image plane of an input image and outputs an analog sensor signal in correspondence therewith;

a plurality of sensor signal processing circuits, each of which is connected to a respective one of said plurality of photosensors and includes a conversion element for converting the analog sensor signal from the respective photosensor into corresponding differential image data, and output means for outputting said differential image data;

a means for generating clock signals for controlling said sensor signal processing circuits to provide differential image data representing an object image alone;

display processing means for receiving the differential image data from the respective sensor signal processing circuits in order to generate a display corresponding to the input image, said means for generating clock signals controlling said sensor signal processing circuits in successive frame periods, each frame period including a first partial period for processing an object-plus-FBP image and a second partial period for processing a fixed background pattern (FBP) image, in order to process differential image data representing the object image alone; and

a chopper section synchronized to said means for generating clock signals, including periodic resetting thereof, in accordance with a selected frame period rate, and said chopper section operates to interrupt the object-plus-FBP image and to obtain the FBP image in correspondence with said partial periods.

5. A differential electronic imaging system according to claim 4, further comprising a laser source for illuminating a target object whit a laser beam, wherein said imaging system operates to process differential image data for reflected laser scatter from the target object.

6. A differential electronic imaging system according to claim 5, wherein said chopper section operates to control said laser source at a frequency corresponding to the frame period rate applied to said sensor signal processing circuits.

7. A differential electronic imaging system according to claim 4, wherein said chopper section operates to control said sensor signal processing circuits to scan through a range of frame period rates, in order to locate a target object emitting light pulses at a frequency corresponding therewith.

8. A differential electronic imaging system comprising:

an array formed with a plurality of photosensors arranged in a matrix, each of which receives input light for a respective pixel in an image plane of an input image and outputs an analog sensor signal in correspondence therewith;

a plurality of sensor signal processing circuits, each of which is connected to a respective one of said plurality of photosensors and includes a conversion element for converting the analog sensor signal from the respective photosensor into corresponding differential image data, and output means for outputting said differential image data;

a means for generating clock signals for controlling said sensor signal processing circuits to provide differential image data representing an object image alone; and

display processing means for receiving the differential image data from the respective sensor signal processing circuits in order to generate a display corresponding to the input image, said means for generating clock signals controlling said sensor signal processing circuits in successive frame periods, each frame period including a first partial period for processing an object-plus-FBP image and a second partial period for processing a fixed background pattern (FBP) image, in order to process differential image data representing the object image alone,

said plurality of sensor signal processing circuits each having a PIN diode as the respective photosensor for generating a current signal corresponding to the analog sensor signal, a current controlled oscillator circuit receiving said current signal from said PIN diode and generating a pulse signal of a frequency corresponding to said current signal, an up/down counter controlled in accordance with the clock signals of said means for generating clock signals for counting up in correspondence with the frequency of a pulse signal generated during said first partial period for processing an object-pulse-FBP image, and for counting down in correspondence with the frequency of a pulse signal generated during said second partial period for processing an FBP image, and said output means is a latch for latching a resulting count representing digital differential image data for each frame period based upon said counting up and counting down.

9. A differential electronic imaging system according to claim 8, further comprising a system bus connected to said latch, and a system memory connected to said bus for storing and retrieving the latched differential image data from said plurality of sensor signal processing circuits.

10. A differential electronic imaging system according to claim 9, further comprising a scaling section connected to receive digital differential image data retrieved on said system bus, and a digital-to-analog (D/A) converter for converting retrieved digital differential image data into analog signals for generating a display.

11. A differential electronic imaging system according to claim 8, wherein said output means is a latch and shift register, and the latch and shift registers of said A/D processing circuits are connected in a parallel shift register configuration.

12. A differential electronic imaging system comprising:

an array formed with a plurality of photosensors arranged in a matrix, each of which receives input light for a respective pixel in an image plane of an input image and outputs an analog sensor signal in correspondence therewith;

a clock for generating clock signals for controlling said sensor signal processing circuits in successive frame periods, each frame period including a first partial period for processing an object-plus-FBP image and a second partial period for processing a fixed background pattern (FBP) image, in order to derive the differential image data representing the object image alone;

a plurality of A/D processing circuits, each of which is connected to a respective one of said plurality of photosensors and includes an A/D conversion element for converting the analog sensor signal of the respective photosensor to first digital image data during the first partial period for processing the object-plus-FBP image, to second digital image data during the second partial period for processing the FBP image, in order to derive the differential image data representing the object image alone, and output means for outputting said differential image data; and

display processing means for receiving the differential image data from the respective sensor signal processing circuits in order to generate a display corresponding to the input image.

13. A differential electronic imaging system comprising:

an array formed with a plurality of photosensors arranged in a matrix, each of which receives input light for a respective pixel in an image plane of an input image and outputs an analog sensor signal in correspondence therewith;

a clock for generating clock signals for controlling said sensor signal processing circuits in successive frame periods, each frame period including a first partial period for processing an object-plus-FBP image and a second partial period for processing a fixed background pattern (FBP) image, in order to derive the differential image data representing the object image alone;

a plurality of A/D processing circuits, each of which is connected to a respective one of said plurality of photosensors and includes an A/D conversion element for converting the analog sensor signal of the respective photosensor to first digital image data during the first partial period for processing the object-plus-FBP image, to second digital image data during the second partial period for processing the FBP image, in order to derive the differential image data representing the object image alone, and output means for outputting said differential image data;

display processing means for receiving the differential image data from the respective sensor signal processing circuits in order to generate a display corresponding to the input image; and

a laser source for illuminating a target object with a laser beam, wherein said imaging system operates to process differential image data for reflected laser scatter from the target object.

14. A differential electronic imaging system comprising:

an array formed with a plurality of photosensors arranged in a matrix, each of which receives input light for a respective pixel in an image plane of an input image and outputs an analog sensor signal in correspondence therewith;

a clock for generating clock signals for controlling said sensor signal processing circuits in successive frame periods, each frame period including a first partial period for processing an object-plus-FBP image and a second partial period for processing a fixed background pattern (FBP) image, in order to derive the differential image data representing the object image alone;

a plurality of A/D processing circuits, each of which is connected to a respective one of said plurality of photosensors and includes an A/D conversion element for converting the analog sensor signal of the respective photosensor to first digital image data during the first partial period for processing the object-plus-FBP image, to second digital image data during the second partial period for processing the FBP image, in order to derive the differential image data representing the object image alone, and output means for outputting said differential image data;

display processing means for receiving the differential image data from the respective sensor signal processing circuits in order to generate a display corresponding to the input image; and

a chopper section synchronized to said clock, including periodic resetting thereof, in accordance with a selected frame period rate, and said chopper section operates to interrupt the object-plus-FBP image and to obtain the FBP image in correspondence with said partial periods.

15. A differential electronic imaging system according to claim 14, wherein said chopper section operates to control said laser source at a frequency corresponding to the frame period rate applied to said sensor signal processing circuits.

16. A differential electronic imaging system according to claim 14, wherein said chopper section operates to control said A/D processing circuits to scan through a range of frame period rates, in order to locate a target object emitting light pulses at a frequency corresponding therewith.

17. A differential electronic imaging system comprising:

an array formed with a plurality of photosensors arranged in a matrix, each of which receives input light for a respective pixel in an image plane of an input image and outputs an analog sensor signal in correspondence therewith;

a clock for generating clock signals for controlling said sensor signal processing circuits in successive frame periods, each frame period including a first partial period for processing an object-plus-FBP image and a second partial period for processing a fixed background pattern (FBP) image, in order to derive the differential image data representing the object image alone;

a plurality of A/D processing circuits, each of which is connected to a respective one of said plurality of photosensors and includes an A/D conversion element for converting the analog sensor signal of the respective photosensor to first digital image data during the first partial period for processing the object-plus-FBP image, to second digital image data during the second partial period for processing the FBP image, in order to derive the differential image data representing the object image alone, and output means for outputting said differential image data; and

display processing means for receiving the differential image data from the respective sensor signal processing circuits in order to generate a display corresponding to the input image,

said plurality of A/D processing circuits each includes a PIN diode as the respective photosensor for generating a current signal corresponding to the analog sensor signal, a current controlled oscillator circuit receiving said current signal from said PIN diode and generating a pulse signal of a frequency corresponding to said current signal, an up/down counter controlled in accordance with the clock signals of said clock means for counting up in correspondence with the frequency of a pulse signal generated during said first partial period for processing an object-plus-FBP image, and for counting down in correspondence with the frequency of a pulse signal generated during said second partial period for processing an FBP image, and said output means is a latch for latching a resulting count representing digital differential image data for each frame period based upon said counting up and counting down.

18. A differential electronic imaging system according to claim 17, further comprising a system bus connected to said latch, and a system memory connected to said bus for storing and retrieving the latched differential image data from said plurality of sensor signal processing circuits.

19. A differential electronic imaging system according to claim 18, further comprising a scaling section connected to receive digital differential image data retrieved on said system bus, and a digital-to-analog (D/A) converter for converting retrieved digital differential image data into analog signals for generating a display.

20. A differential electronic imaging system according to claim 17, wherein said output means is a latch and shift register, and the latch and shift registers of said A/D processing circuits are connected in a parallel shift register configuration.

21. A method for differential electronic imaging of an object comprising the steps of:

detecting the object using an array formed with a plurality of photosensors arranged in a matrix, each of which receives input light for a respective pixel in an image plane of an input image and outputs an analog sensor signal in correspondence therewith;

processing the analog sensor signals from said photosensor array operating a plurality of sensor signal processing circuits in parallel, each of which is connected to a respective one of said plurality of photosensors and includes a conversion element for converting the analog sensor signal from the respective photosensor into corresponding differential image data;

generating clock signals for controlling said sensor signal processing circuits in successive frame periods, each frame period including a first partial period for processing an object-plus-FBP image and a second partial period for processing a fixed background pattern (FBP) image, in order to derive the differential image data representing the object image alone; and

outputting said differential image data.

22. A method for differential electronic imaging according to claim 21, further comprising the steps of using a laser source for illuminating a target object with a laser beam, and operating said imaging system to process differential image data for reflected laser scatter from the target object.

23. A method for differential electronic imaging according to claim 22, wherein said using step includes controlling said laser source at a frequency corresponding to the frame period rate applied to said sensor signal processing circuits.

24. A method for differential electronic imaging according to claim 21, further comprising the steps of using an imaging mirror for receiving a thermal image of an object thereon and subtly deforming in response thereto, and a laser source and interferometer for generating an interference pattern corresponding to the thermal image of the object as the input image.

25. A method for differential electronic imaging of an object comprising the steps of:

detecting the object using an array formed with a plurality of photosensors arranged in a matrix, each of which receives input light for a respective pixel in an image plane of an input image and outputs an analog sensor signal in correspondence therewith;

processing the analog sensor signals from said photosensor array operating a plurality of sensor signal processing circuits in parallel, each of which is connected to a respective one of said plurality of photosensors and includes a conversion element for converting the analog sensor signal from the respective photosensor into corresponding differential image data;

generating clock signals for controlling said sensor signal processing circuits in successive frame periods, each frame period including a first partial period for processing an object-plus-FBP image and a second partial period for processing a fixed background pattern (FBP) image, in order to derive the differential image data representing the object image alone; and

outputting said differential image data, said

processing step in parallel includes operating said plurality of sensor signal processing circuits to integrate the analog sensor signal of the respective photosensor in one direction during the first partial period for processing the object-plus-FBP image, and in an opposite direction during the second partial period for processing the FBP image, in order to derive the differential image data representing the object image alone.

26. A method for differential electronic imaging of an object comprising of steps of:

detecting the object using an array formed with a plurality of photosensors arranged in a matrix, each of which receives input light for a respective pixel in an image plane of an input image and outputs an analog sensor signal in correspondence therewith;

processing the analog sensor signals from said photosensor array operating a plurality of sensor signal processing circuits in parallel, each of which is connected to a respective one of said plurality of photosensors and includes a conversion element for converting the analog sensor signal from the respective photosensor into corresponding differential image data;

generating clock signals for controlling said sensor signal processing circuits in successive frame periods, each frame period including a first partial period for processing an object-plus-FBP image and a second partial period for processing a fixed background pattern (FBP) image, in order to derive the differential image data representing the object image alone;

operating said sensor signal processing circuits to scan through a range of frame period rates, in order to locate a target object emitting light pulses at a frequency corresponding therewith; and

outputting said differential image data.