System to reformat images for three-dimensional display using unique spatial encoding and non-planar bisectioning

• US 5,170,347 A
• Filed: 04/30/1990
• Issued: 12/08/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 11/27/1987
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Picker International, Inc. (Marconi Holdings Company Limited)
• Original Assignee: Picker International, Inc. (Marconi Holdings Company Limited)
• Inventors: Tuy, Heang K., Krochta, Todd J., Lin, Hsayjern, Mailey, Frederick C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Jablon, Clark A.
• Application Number:
  US07/517,388
• Time in Patent Office: 953 Days
• Field of Search: 364/413.16, 364/413.19, 364/413.22, 364/521, 364/522, 378/901, 382/44, 382/45, 340/729
• US Class Current: 345/419
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 11/006 Inverse problem, transformation from projection-space into object-space, e.g. transform methods, back-projection, algebraic methods
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 17/00 Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2211/424 Iterative

Abstract

A system for three-dimensional diagnostic imaging generates a plurality of slice images of a specimen. A region of interest is selected from within a slice and is extrapolated to subsequent slices. A boundary indicative of a surface of interest is selected from within the region of interest to facilitate generation of an image representative of a three-dimensional surface of interest to be assembled from subsequent slices of the plurality. A viewing surface is defined in relation to a generated surface image which was selected from the boundary. A scaling means assigns a scaled gray level to the three-dimensional image to facilitate three-dimensional viewing of the object when it is projected on the viewing surface. Image information is selectably modified by data from the original slice images to add surface density visualization. Means is also provided to facilitate selective segmentation of a three-dimensional image along a plane or planes of interest. An interactive procedure is provided to facilitate cutting of a three-dimensional object from its perspective view (with or without density information).

Claims

1. A system for generating diagnostic images comprising:

image memory means for storing spatially encoded image data representative of a physical characteristic of a three-dimensional object;

means for generating spatially encoded primary curve data representative of a selected primary curve;

surface generation means for generating spatially encoded cutting surface data in accordance with the selected primary curve;

means for apportioning the spatially encoded image data into at least first and second portions in accordance with the cutting surface data;

means for generating a visual display in accordance with spatially encoded data of at least one of the portions;

means for generating spatially encoded secondary curve data representative of a second selected curve and wherein the surface generation means further includes means for generating the cutting surface data in accordance with the secondary curve data;

wherein each selected curve is defined as a continuous line comprised of at least one line segment, and wherein each curve has first and second end points at extremes thereof;

wherein the first and second curves have a common vertex point defined by a common end point; and

wherein the surface generation means includes,

means for acquiring spatially encoded region data representative of an extent of the three-dimensional object from the spatially encoded image data,

means for selectively extending the primary curve from at least one end thereof, such that the primary curve is at least coextensive with the extent of the spatially encoded image data,

means for selectively extending the secondary curve from at least one end thereof, such that the secondary curve is at least coextensive with the extent of the spatially encoded data,

means for selectively reorienting the primary and secondary curves such that the vertex point is maintained at endpoints of any curve extensions progressing therebeyond, and

means for generating the cutting surface data by parallelogram completion between respective segments of the primary curve and the secondary curve.

2. A system for generating diagnostic images comprising:

image memory means for storing spatially encoded image data representative of a physical characteristic of a three-dimensional object;

means for generating spatially encoded primary curve data representative of a selected primary curve;

surface generation means for generating spatially encoded cutting surface data in accordance with the selected primary curve;

means for apportioning the spatially encoded image data into at least first and second portions in accordance with the cutting surface data;

means for generating a visual display in accordance with spatially encoded data of at least one of the portions;

means for generating spatially encoded secondary curve data representative of a second selected curve and wherein the surface generation means further includes means for generating the cutting surface data in accordance with the secondary curve data;

wherein each selected curve is defined as a continuous line comprised of at least one line segment, and wherein each curve has first and second end points at extremes thereof;

means for categorizing the spatially encoded image data into at least one cross-sectional generally planar region; and

wherein the surface generation means further includes;

means for determining a first intersection point, if any, between the primary curve and each generally planar region,

means for determining a second intersection point, if any, between the secondary curve and each generally planar region,

means for generating spatially encoded line data for each generally planar region having both first and second intersection points thereon, the line spatially encoded line data being representative of a line segment extending between the first and second intersection points,

means for generating spatially encoded line data for each generally planar region having one of the first and second intersection points thereon, the spatially encoded line data being representative of a line segment passing through the one of the first and second intersection points, with a direction thereof being defined by one of (a) parallel with a direction of a line segment to a neighboring generally planar region, and (b) normal to a viewing direction,

means for generating spatially encoded line data for each generally planar region having no intersection points thereon, the line being defined by one of (a) an orthogonal projection of a line segment of a neighboring generally planar region onto the generally planar region with no intersection points thereon, and (b) outside of a range of the three-dimensional object represented by the spatially encoded image data, and

means for generating the cutting surface data in accordance with a cutting surface plane passing through each line segment.

3. A system for generating three-dimensional images comprising:

image memory means for storing of spatially encoded image data, representative of a physical characteristic of a three-dimensional object, as a series of generally planar slices with each slice being comprised of a series of generally parallel scan lines, whereby each scan line is comprised of a portion of the image data points;

cutting surface data storage means for storing cutting surface data representative of a cutting surface for apportioning the spatially encoded image data into at least first and second portions;

apportioning means for apportioning the spatially encoded image data points into at least first and second portions in accordance with the cutting surface data, the apportioning means including,

slice data comparison means for comparing image data points of a slice with the cutting surface data,

means for determining slice intersection points between the cutting surface and image data points of each of the slices in accordance with an output of the slice data comparison means,

means for generating data representative of a line segment interconnecting each plurality intersection points lying in a common one of the planar slices,

mapping means for determining scan line intersection points between generally each scan line of a planar slice and each line segment of each slice,

dividing means for dividing the spatially encoded image data points into at least the first and second portions in accordance with the scan line intersection points; and

means for generating a visual display in accordance with spatially encoded data of at least one of the portions.

4. The system of claim 3 wherein the dividing means includes:

scanning means for sequentially scanning the image data points in each scan line;

scan line comparison means for sequentially comparing each image data point of each scan line to data representative of a preselected control point;

selecting means for selectively keeping and ignoring image data points in accordance with an output of the scan line comparison means, whereby one of the portions is selected for visual display.

5. The system of claim 4 wherein the selecting means includes:

means for assigning one of a presumed keep and ignore state to each image data point; and

means for complementing a presumed state of a next image data point in a sequential scan of the scan line comparison means when the next image point is a scan line intersection point.

6. The system of claim 5 further comprising means for sequentially scanning the series of slices and sequentially implementing the apportioning means thereon.

7. The system of claim 6 further comprising means for assigning a presumed state to an initial image data point of a slice in accordance with a state of a image data point of a preceding slice.

8. A method for generating a display comprising the steps of:

storing spatially encoded image data representative of a physical characteristic of a three-dimensional object;

generating spatially encoded cutting surface data in accordance with the selected primary curve;

generating spatially encoded secondary curve data representative of a second selected curve;

acquiring spatially encoded region data representative of an extent of the three-dimensional object from the spatially encoded data;

selectively extending the primary curve at at least one end thereof, such that the primary curve is at least coextensive with the extent of the spatially encoded data;

selectively extending the secondary curve at at least one end thereof, such that the secondary curve is at least coextensive with the extent of the spatially encoded data;

selectively reorienting the curves such that a vertex point is maintained at endpoints of any curve extensions progressing therebeyond; and

generating a cutting surface data by parallelogram completion between respective segments of the primary curve and the secondary curve;

apportioning the spatially encoded image data into at least first and second portions in accordance with the cutting surface data;

generating a visual display in accordance with spatially encoded data of at least one of the portions.

9. The method of claim 8 further comprising the steps of:

categorizing the spatially encoded image data into at least one cross-sectional generally planar region;

determining a first intersection point, if any, between the primary curve and each generally planar region;

determining a second intersection point, if any, between the secondary curve and each generally planar region;

generating spatially encoded line data for each generally planar region having both first and second intersection points thereon, the line data being representative of a line segment extending between the first and second intersection points;

generating spatially encoded line data for each generally planar region having one of the first and second intersection points thereon, the line data being representative of a line segment passing through the one of the first and second intersection points, with a direction thereof being defined by one of (a) parallel with a direction of a line segment to a neighboring generally planar region, and (b) normal to a viewing direction;

generating spatially encoded line data for each generally planar region having no intersection points thereon, the line being defined by one of (a) an orthogonal projection of a line segment of a neighboring generally planar region onto the generally planar region with no intersection points thereon, and (b) outside of a range of the three-dimensional object represented by the spatially encoded image data; and

generating the cutting surface data in accordance with a cutting surface plane passing through each line segment.

10. The method of claim 9 further comprising the step of defining the cutting surface in accordance with the primary curve and a viewing direction.

11. A method or generating three-dimensional images comprising the steps of:

storing a plurality of spatially encoded image data points, representative of a physical characteristic of a three-dimensional object as a series of generally planar slices with each slice being comprised of a series of generally parallel scan lines, whereby each scan line includes a portion of the image data points;

storing spatially encoded cutting surface data representative of a cutting surface for apportioning the spatially encoded image data points into at least first and second portions;

apportioning the spatially encoded image data points into at least first and second portions in accordance with the cutting surface data, the apportioning step including.

comparing image data points of each slice with the cutting surface data,

determining slice intersection points between the cutting surface and image data points of each of the slices,

generating line segment representative of a line segment interconnecting each plurality intersection points lying in each planar slice,

mapping scan line intersection points between generally each scan line of a planar slice and each line segment of each slice,

dividing the spatially encoded image data points into at least the first and second portions in accordance with the scan line intersection points; and

generating a visual display in accordance with spatially encoded data of at least one of the portions.

12. The system of claim 11 further comprising the steps of:

sequentially comparing each image data point of each scan line to data representative of a preselected control point;

selectively keeping and ignoring image data points in accordance with an output of the scan line comparison means.

13. The method of claim 12 further comprising the steps of:

assigning one of a presumed keep and ignore state to each image data point; and

complementing a presumed state of a next image data point in a sequential scan of the scan line comparison means when the next image point is a scan line intersection point.

14. The method of claim 13 further comprising the step of sequentially scanning the series of slices and sequentially implementing the apportioning means thereon.

15. The system of claim 14 further comprising the step of assigning a presumed state to an initial image data point of a slice in accordance with a state of a image data point of a preceding slice.

16. A system for representation generating a three-dimensional diagnostic comprising:

image memory means for storing spatially encoded image data representative of a physical characteristic of a three-dimensional object;

means for interactively generating spatially encoded primary curve data representative of a selected primary curve;

surface generation means for generating three-dimensional spatially encoded cutting surface data in accordance with the selected primary curve;

means for apportioning the spatially encoded image data into at least first and second portions in accordance with the cutting surface data; and

means for generating a three-dimensional representation in accordance with spatially encoded data of at least one of the portions.

17. A method for generating a three-dimensional representation comprising the steps of:

storing spatially encoded image data representative of a physical characteristic of a three-dimensional object;

interactively generating spatially encoded primary curve data representative of a selected primary curve;

generating three-dimensional spatially encoded cutting surface data in accordance with the selected primary curve;

apportioning the spatially encoded image data into at least first and second portions in accordance with the cutting surface data; and

generating a three-dimensional representation in accordance with spatially encoded data of at least one of the portions.