Adjustable output level signal transmitter

• US 5,170,414 A
• Filed: 09/12/1989
• Issued: 12/08/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 09/12/1989
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Pacesetter Incorporated (Abbott Laboratories Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Siemens Pacesetter, Inc. (Abbott Laboratories Incorporated)
• Inventors: Silvian, Sergiu
• Primary Examiner(s): Kuntz, Curtis
• Assistant Examiner(s): Bocure, Tesfaldet
• Application Number:
  US07/405,905
• Time in Patent Office: 1,183 Days
• Field of Search: 375/68, 375/59, 331/172, 331/173, 331/174, 331/165, 331/166, 178/66.1, 178/116, 178/66.2, 128/419 P, 128/419 PG, 128/422
• US Class Current: 375/295
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37211 Means for communicating with stimulators
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 5/243 influencing the phase or frequency of ac

Abstract

An adjustable output level transmitter includes a direct current energy source, an L-C tank circuit and a switching means for sequentially coupling the capacitors of the tank circuit to the direct current energy source and ground. The output signal frequency is equal to the resonant frequency of the L-C tank circuit and the output signal level is a function of which capacitors of the L-C tank circuit are sequentially coupled to the energy source. The circuit functions in a Class D mode with the inherent advantages of minimal power loss and very high efficiency. Due to the manner of switching utilized, the output signal frequency is very stable and unaffected by the mode of capacitor switching.

Claims

1. An adjustable output level signal transmitter comprising:

a direct current source of electrical energy;

L-C tank circuit means for providing the adjustable output level signal, the direct current source of electrical energy and the L-C tank circuit means having a common ground;

the L-C tank circuit means comprising inductor L and capacitor C, said capacitor C further comprising a plurality of capacitors;

switch means disposed between the direct current source of electrical energy and each one of the plurality of capacitors of the L-C tank circuit means for electrically coupling and decoupling selected ones of the plurality of capacitors of the L-C tank circuit means and the direct current source of electrical energy for adjusting thereby the level of the adjustable output level signal; and

means for controlling the switch means for electrically coupling and decoupling selected ones of the plurality of capacitors of the L-C tank circuit means and the direct current source of electrical energy at a predetermined frequency.

2. The adjustable output level signal transmitter of claim 1, wherein the L-C tank circuit means comprises:

a first capacitor C1 having first and second terminals;

a second capacitor C2 having first and second terminals, the capacitors C1 and C2 in series circuit connection with the second terminals of each capacitor connected together; and

an inductor L coupled between the second terminals of the capacitors and ground, the adjustable output level signal available at the second terminals of the capacitors, the fundamental frequency of oscillation F₀ of the L-C tank circuit means being determined by the relationship ##EQU4## where F₀ is measured in cycles per second (hertz);

capacitance equal to C1+C2; and

L is the value of the inductance of the inductor L.

3. The adjustable output level signal transmitter of claim 2, wherein the switch means comprises:

at least one driver, the driver having a driver output and a driver input and a pair of complementary switches in series circuit connection between the direct current source of electrical energy and ground, each switch of the pair of complementary switches operation between open and closed conditions, such that when one switch of the pair is in the open condition, the other switch of the pair is in the closed condition, the point of connection of the complementary switches being coupled to the driver output, the condition of the complementary switches being a function of the driver input, such that when the driver input is at a first value, one switch of the pair is in the open condition wherein the drier output is coupled to ground, thereby decoupling the L-C tank circuit means from the direct current source of electrical energy, and when the driver input is at a second value, such switch is in the closed position wherein the driver output is coupled to the direct current source of electrical energy, and thereby coupling the L-C tank circuit means to the direct current source of electrical energy.

4. The adjustable output level signal transmitter of claim 3, wherein the switch means further comprises:

at least one driver control switch having an output coupled to the driver input of the at least one driver; and

inputs comprising;

a logic input signal, having at least first and second logic states,

a direct current signal source, and

an alternating current signal source, wherein when the first logic input signal is in the first logic state, the output of the driver control switch is coupled to the direct current signal source, and when the logic signal is in the second state, the output is coupled to the alternating current signal source.

5. The adjustable output level signal transmitter of claim 4, wherein the at least one driver comprises:

a pair of drivers and the at least one driver control switches comprises a pair of driver control switches, one of the driver control switches of the pair coupled to a respective one of the drivers, and wherein the first terminal of the first capacitor C1 is coupled to the output of one driver and the first terminal of the second capacitor C2 is coupled to the output of the other driver.

6. The adjustable output level signal transmitter of claim 5, wherein the at least one driver control switch comprises:

a pair of driver control switches, wherein the logic input signal comprises;

a first logic input signal coupled to one of the pair driver control switches, and

a second logic input signal coupled to the other one of the pair of driver control switches.

7. The adjustable output level signal transmitter of claim 6, wherein the alternating current signal source has a fundamental frequency substantially equal to F₀, and wherein the adjustable output level signal is substantially sinusoidal having a maximum magnitude equal to V_max.

8. The adjustable output level signal transmitter of claim 7, wherein:

the value of Cl is K·

C and

the value of C2 is (1-K)·

C

where K is a constant less than 1,

such that when the first and second logic input signals are in the first logic state, the magnitude of the adjustable output level signal is substantially equal to zero, and when the first and second logic input signals are in the second logic state, the magnitude of the adjustable output level signal is equal to V_max.

9. The adjustable output level signal transmitter of claim 8, wherein when the first logic input signal is in the first logic state and the second logic input signal is in the second logic state, the magnitude of the adjustable output level signal is equal to K.V_max and when the first logic input signal is in the second logic state and the second logic input signal is in the first logic state, the magnitude of the adjustable output level signal is equal to (1-K) V_max.

10. The adjustable output level signal transmitter of claim 9, wherein the alternating current signal source is a square wave signal having a 50% duty cycle.

11. An adjustable output level signal transmitter comprising:

a direct current source of electrical energy;

an L-C tank circuit providing the adjustable output level signal, the direct current source of electrical energy and the L-C tank circuit having a common ground, the L-C tank circuit having a fundamental frequency of oscillation which remains constant independent of the level of the adjustable output level signal, the L-C tank circuit comprising;

a first capacitor C1 having first and second terminals;

a second capacitor C2 having first and second terminals, the second terminals of each capacitor connected together; and

an inductor L coupled between the second terminals of the capacitors and ground, the adjustable output level signal available at the second terminals of the capacitors, the fundamental frequency of oscillation F₀ of the L-C tank circuit being determined by the relationship;

##EQU5## where F₀ is measured in cycles per second (Hertz);

C is the value of capacitance equal to the combined capacitance of C1+C2; and

L is the value of the inductance of the inductor L,

switch means disposed between the direct current source of electrical energy and the first terminals of capacitor C1 and capacitor C2 of the L-C tank circuit for selectively coupling and decoupling capacitor C1 and capacitor C2 of the L-C tank circuit and the direct current source of electrical energy; and

means for controlling the switch means for electrically coupling and decoupling capacitor C1 and capacitor C2 of the L-C tank circuit and the direct current source of electrical energy at a predetermined frequency.

12. The adjustable output level signal transmitter of claim 11, wherein the switch means comprises:

a pair of drivers, each driver having a driver output, the output of one driver coupled to the first terminal of capacitor C1 and the output of the other driver coupled to the first terminal of capacitor C2, a driver input and a pair of complementary switches in series circuit connection between the direct current source of electrical energy and ground, each switch of the pair of complementary switches operating between open and closed conditions, such that when one switch of the pair is in the open condition, the other switch of the pair is in the closed condition, the condition of the complementary switches being a function of the driver input, such that when the driver input is at a first value, one switch of the pair is in the open condition wherein the driver output is coupled to ground, thereby decoupling the L-C tank circuit from the direct current source of electrical energy, and when the driver input is at a second value, each switch is in the closed position wherein the driver output is coupled to the direct current source of electrical energy, and thereby coupling the L-C tank circuit means to the direct current source of electrical energy.

13. The adjustable output level signal transmitter of claim 12, wherein the switch means further comprises:

a pair of driver control switches, each driver control switch having an output coupled to the input of respective ones of the drivers; and

inputs comprising;

a logic input signal, having at least first and second logic states,

a direct current signal source, and

an alternating current signal source, wherein when the first logic input signal is in the first logic state, the output of the respective driver control switch is coupled to the direct current signal source, and when the logic signal is in the second state, the respective driver control switch output is coupled to the alternating current signal source.

14. The adjustable output level signal transmitter of claim 13, wherein the logic input signal comprises:

a first logic input signal coupled to one of the pair of driver control switches, and

a second logic input signal coupled to the other one of the pair of driver control switches.

15. The adjustable output level signal transmitter of claim 14, wherein the alternating current signal source has a fundamental frequency substantially equal to F₀, and wherein the adjustable output level signal is substantially sinusoidal having maximum magnitude equal to V_max.

16. An adjustable output level signal transmitter comprising:

a direct current source of electrical energy;

an L-C tank circuit, the direct current source of electrical energy and the L-C tank circuit having a common ground, the L-C tank circuit comprising;

a first capacitor C1 having first and second terminals;

a second capacitor C2 having first and second terminals, the capacitors C1 and C2 in series circuit connection with the second terminals of each capacitor connected together; and

an inductor L coupled between the second terminals of the capacitors and ground, the adjustable output level signal available at the second terminals of the capacitors, the fundamental frequency of oscillation F₀ of the L-C tank circuit being determined by the relationship;

##EQU6## where F₀ is measured in cycles per second (hertz);

C is the value of capacitance equal to the combined capacitance of C1+C2; and

L is the value of the inductance of the inductor L,

a separate driver coupled to each capacitor, each driver operable between two logical states for connecting each capacitor to the direct current source of electrical energy or to ground, depending on the state of the respective driver, such that the level of the output of the signal transmitter is adjustable to discrete values as a function of the logical states of the drivers, wherein the fundamental frequency of oscillation remains constant independent of the logical states of the drivers; and

means for controlling the drivers for electrically coupling and decoupling the L-C tank circuit and the direct current source of electrical energy at a predetermined frequency.

17. An adjustable output level signal transmitter comprising:

a direct current source of electrical energy;

L-C tank circuit means having an inductor L and a capacitor C for providing the adjustable output level signal at a frequency determined as a function of the values of inductor L and capacitor C, the direct current source of electrical energy and the L-C tank circuit means having a common ground and wherein C comprises capacitors C1 and C2;

a driver coupled between the direct current source of electrical energy and C1 and another driver coupled between the direct current source of electrical energy and C2; and

means for controlling each of the drivers for electrically coupling and decoupling the respective capacitors and the direct current source of electrical energy at a predetermined frequency.

18. The adjustable output level signal transmitter of claim 17, wherein the value of the adjustable output level signal is a function of which of the capacitors are electrically coupled to or decoupled from the direct current source of electrical energy.

19. The adjustable output level signal transmitter of claim 18, wherein the adjustable output level signal has a maximum value of V_max and wherein the value of C1 is K·

C, where K is a constant having a value less than 1, the value of C2 is (1-K)·

C, such that the adjustable output level signal has discrete values of V_max or K·

V_max or (1-K) V_max or 0, depending upon which of said capacitors C1 and C2 are coupled to or decoupled from the direct current source of electrical energy.

20. An adjustable output level signal transmitter comprising:

a direct current source of electrical energy;

L-C tank circuit means having an inductor L and a capacitor C for providing the adjustable output level signal at a frequency of oscillation determined by the values of inductor L and capacitor C, wherein C comprises a plurality of capacitors;

a plurality of drivers, a different one of the plurality of drivers coupled between the direct current source of electrical energy and a respective one of the plurality of capacitors; and

means for controlling each one of the plurality of drivers for electrically coupling and decoupling the respective ones of the capacitors and the direct current source of electrical energy at a predetermined frequency.

21. The adjustable output level signal transmitter of claim 20, wherein the L-C tank circuit means has a fundamental frequency of oscillation which remains constant independent of the level of the adjustable output level signal.