Absorbent members containing interparticle crosslinked aggregates

• US 5,180,622 A
• Filed: 04/02/1990
• Issued: 01/19/1993
• Est. Priority Date: 04/02/1990
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: The Procter & Gamble Company
• Original Assignee: The Procter & Gamble Company
• Inventors: Roe, Donald C., Berg, Charles J., Lahrman, Frank H.
• Primary Examiner(s): Bell, James J.
• Application Number:
  US07/503,500
• Time in Patent Office: 1,023 Days
• Field of Search: 428/283, 428/284, 428/218, 428/326, 428/327, 428/913, 428/192, 604/368
• US Class Current: 428/192
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 13/49 Absorbent articles specially adapted to be worn around the waist, e.g. diapers
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 13/51 characterised by the outer layers wicking or transfer layers A61F13/537
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 13/533 having discontinuous areas of compression
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 13/535 inhomogeneous in the plane of the pad, e.g. core absorbent layers being of different sizes A61F13/5323, A61F13/537 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 13/53717 the layer having a promotional function on liquid propagation in the horizontal direction
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 13/53747 the layer is facing the topsheet layer is part of the topsheet A61F13/511
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 13/53752 the layer is embedded in the absorbent core
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2013/15284 characterized by quantifiable properties
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2013/15365 Dimensions
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2013/15821 characterized by the apparatus for manufacturing
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2013/49031 being elastic in longitudinal direction
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2013/49033 being elastic in transversal direction
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2013/5103 being hydrophobic
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2013/51409 being a film
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2013/51411 being impervious to fluids but not for air or vapours
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2013/5149 being embossed
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2013/530007 being made from pulp
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2013/530496 being fixed to fibres
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2013/53051 being only in particular parts or specially arranged
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2013/530518 the maximum being at the crotch
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2013/530532 : the maximum being at certain depth in the thickness
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2013/53054 : the maximum being along the side edges
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2013/530547 : positioned in a separate layer or layers
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2013/530569 : characterized by the particle size
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2013/530598 : in aggregates
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2013/5307 : characterized by the quantity or ratio of superabsorbent material
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2013/530766 : by the cross-link factor
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2013/53445 : from several sheets
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2013/53795 : being a surge management layer
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2013/8488 : including testing apparatus
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2013/8491 : including test methods
• CPC Class Codes: A61L 15/60 : Liquid-swellable gel-forming materials, e.g. super-absorbents
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 428/913 : Material designed to be responsive to temperature, light, moisture
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/24777 : Edge feature
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/24992 : Density or compression of components
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/253 : Cellulosic [e.g., wood, paper, cork, rayon, etc.]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/254 : Polymeric or resinous material
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 442/699 : Including particulate material other than strand or fiber material

Abstract

Absorbent members incorporating particulate, absorbent, polymeric compositions comprising interparticle crosslinked aggregates. The interparticle crosslinked aggregates comprise precursor particles of substantially water-insoluble, absorbent, hydrogen-forming, polymer material; and an interparticle crosslinking agent reacted with the polymer material of the precursor particles to form crosslink bonds between the precursor particles. The absorbent members of the present invention can comprise a combination of fiber material and discrete particles of the polymeric composition or laminates (layered absorbent members) containing such polymeric compositions. The performance of absorbent members is enhanced by the use of such polymeric compositions due to the high rate of fluid uptake and minimal gel blocking properties of the interparticle crosslinked aggregates.

Claims

1. An absorbent member comprising a mixture of fiber material and a particulate, absorbent, polymeric composition, said polymeric composition comprising interparticle crosslinked aggregates, said interparticle crosslinked aggregates comprising (i) precursor particles of substantially water-insoluble, absorbent, hydrogel-forming, polymer material, and (ii) an interparticle crosslinking agent reacted with said polymer material of said precursor particles to form covalent crosslink bonds between said precursor particles, said interparticle crosslinked aggregates being present in said polymeric composition in an amount such that said polymeric composition has a mass average particle size at least about 25% greater than the mass average particle size of said precursor particles.

2. The absorbent member of claim 1 wherein said fiber material comprises hydrophilic fiber material.

3. The absorbent member of claim 2 wherein said hydrophilic fiber material comprises wood pulp fibers.

4. The absorbent member of claim 1 wherein said polymeric composition is uniformly distributed throughout the absorbent member.

5. The absorbent member of claim 4 having a density of from about 0.06 g/cm³ to about 0.3 g/cm³.

6. The absorbent member of claim 1 wherein said polymeric composition has a mass average particle size at least about 30% greater than the mass average particles size of said precursor particles.

7. The absorbent member of claim 1 wherein said polymeric composition has a mass average particle size at least about 50% greater than the mass average particle size of said precursor particles.

8. The absorbent member of claim 1, 6, or 7 wherein the mass average particle size of said precursor particles is less than about 600 microns.

9. The absorbent member of claim 1 having a fiber/polymeric composition weight ratio of from about 95:

5 to about 25;

75.

10. The absorbent member of claim 1 wherein at least about 50% by weight of said polymeric composition comprises interparticle crosslinked aggregates.

11. An absorbent member comprising a mixture of fiber material and a particulate, absorbent, polymeric composition, said polymeric composition comprising interparticle crosslinked aggregates, said interparticle crosslinked aggregates comprising (i) substantially dry precursor particles of substantially water-insoluble, absorbent, hydrogel-forming, polymer material;

said polymer material of said precursor particles being selected from the group consisting of hydrolyzed starch-acrylonitrile graft copolymer, partially neutralized starch-acrylonitrile graft copolymer, starch-acrylic acid graft copolymer, partially neutralized starch-acrylic acid graft copolymer, saponified vinyl acetate-acrylic ester copolymers, hydrolyzed acrylonitrile or acrylamide copolymers, slightly network crosslinked products of any of the foregoing copolymers, partially neutralized polyacrylic acid, and slightly network crosslinked products of partially neutralized polyacrylic acid; and

(ii) an interparticle crosslinking agent reacted with said polymer material of said precursor particles to form covalent crosslink bonds between said precursor particles;

said interparticle crosslinking agent being selected from the group consisting of polyhydric alcohol compounds, polyglycidyl ether compounds, polyfunctional aziridine compounds, polyfunctional amine compounds, and polyfunctional isocyanate compounds;

said interparticle crosslinked aggregates being present in said polymeric composition in an amount such that said polymeric composition has a mass average particle size at least about 30% greater than the mass average particle size of said precursor particles.

12. The absorbent member of claim 11 said mixture of fiber material and particulate, absorbent, polymeric composition being distributed in zones of different densities, such that the absorbent member comprises an acquisition zone and a storage zone at least partially laterally surrounding the perimeter of said acquisition zone so as to be in liquid communication with at least a portion of the lateral area of said acquisition zone, said acquisition zone having a lower average density and a lower average basis weight per unit area than said storage zone.

13. The absorbent member of claim 12 wherein said acquisition zone extends from the top surface of the absorbent member through at least a fraction of the total thickness of the absorbent member, the top surface of said acquisition zone comprising less than about 50% of the top surface area of the absorbent member.

14. The absorbent member of claim 11 additionally comprising an absorbent acquisition layer juxtaposed on the absorbent member.

15. The absorbent member of claim 14 wherein said absorbent member has a top surface area that is from about 0.25 to about 1.0 times that of said absorbent acquisition layer.

16. The absorbent member of claim 15 wherein said absorbent acquisition layer consists essentially of hydrophilic fiber material.

17. The absorbent member of claim 14 wherein said absorbent acquisition layer has a top surface area that is from about 0.25 to about 1.0 times that of the absorbent member.

18. The absorbent member of claim 17 wherein said absorbent acquisition layer comprises chemically stiffened cellulosic fibers.

19. The absorbent member of claim 11 additionally comprising a dusting layer consisting essentially of hydrophilic fiber material positioned subjacent the absorbent member.

20. The absorbent member of claim 19 wherein said dusting layer is relatively thinner in thickness than the absorbent member.

21. The absorbent member of claim 11 wherein said polymeric composition is uniformly distributed throughout the absorbent member.

22. The absorbent member of claim 11 wherein said polymeric composition is distributed in a positive gradient through at least a portion of the thickness of the absorbent member.

23. The absorbent member of claims 11, 12, 15, 18 or 20 wherein said polymeric composition has a mass average particle size at least about 50% greater than the mass average particle size of said precursor particles.

24. An absorbent member having a back section and a front section contiguous with said back section, said front section having an end region and a deposition region contiguous with said end region and said back section so that said deposition region is positioned between said end region and said back section, the absorbent member comprising:

a mixture of hydrophilic fiber material and a particulate, absorbent, polymeric composition, said polymeric composition comprising interparticle crosslinked aggregates, said interparticle crosslinked aggregates comprising (i) substantially dry precursor particles of substantially water-insoluble, absorbent, hydrogel-forming, polymer material, said polymer material consisting essentially of slightly network crosslinked products of partially neutralized polyacrylic acid; and

(ii) an interparticle crosslinking agent reacted with said polymer material of said precursor particles to form covalent crosslink bonds between said precursor particles;

said interparticle crosslinking agent being selected from the group consisting of glycerol, trimethylol propane, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, or 1,3-propanediol;

said interparticle crosslinked aggregates being present in said polymeric composition in an amount such that said polymeric composition has a mass average particle size at least about 30% greater than the mass average particle size of said precursor particles, the mass average particle size of said precursor particles being less than about 500 microns; and

said mixture of fiber material and particulate, absorbent polymeric composition being distributed in zones of different densities, such that the absorbent member comprises;

a storage zone positioned in at least said deposition region of said absorbent member; and

an acquisition zone positioned, in at least said deposition region of the absorbent member, said acquisition zone having a lower average density and a lower average basis weight per unit area than said storage zone, said storage zone at least partially laterally surrounding the perimeter of said acquisition zone as to be in liquid communication with at least a portion of the lateral area of said acquisition zone.

25. A layered absorbent member comprising:

a) n webs of fibrous materials, n being an integer of two or more, said webs being layered such that there is an uppermost web, a lowermost web, n-2 intermediate webs, and n-1 interfaces of two opposed adjacent contacting surfaces of adjacent webs; and

b) a particulate, absorbent, polymeric composition forming a layer at one or more of said interfaces, said polymeric composition comprising interparticle crosslinked aggregates, said interparticle crosslinked aggregates comprising (i) substantially dry precursor particles of substantially water-insoluble, absorbent, hydrogel-forming, polymer material, and (ii) an interparticle crosslinking agent reacted with said polymer material of said precursor particles to form covalent crosslink bonds between said precursor particles, said interparticle crosslinked aggregates being present in said polymeric composition in an amount such that said polymeric composition has a mass average particle size at least about 30% greater than the mass average particle size of said precursor particles.

26. The layered absorbent member of claim 25 wherein said polymeric composition is bonded to one or more of said webs.

27. The layered absorbent member of claim 26 wherein said webs comprise absorbent tissue.

28. The layered absorbent member of claim 27 wherein n is between 2 and 12.

29. The layered absorbent member of claim 28 wherein the particles of said polymeric composition are discretely spaced from each other.

30. The layered absorbent member of claim 25 wherein n equals 2 and the edges of said webs are joined together around the periphery of the layered absorbent member.

31. The layered absorbent member of claim 25, 27, 28, or 30 wherein said polymer material of said precursor particles is selected from the group consisting of hydrolyzed starch-acrylonitrile graft copolymer, partially neutralized starch-acrylonitrile graft copolymer, starch-acrylic acid graft copolymer, partially neutralized starch-acrylic acid graft copolymer, saponified vinyl acetate-acrylic ester copolymers, hydrolyzed acrylonitrile or acrylamide copolymers, slightly network crosslinked products of any of the foregoing copolymers, partially neutralized polyacrylic acid, and slightly network crosslinked products of partially neutralized polyacrylic acid;

and said interparticle crosslinking agent is selected from the group consisting of polyhydric alcohol compounds, polyglycidyl ether compounds, polyfunctional aziridine compounds, polyfunctional amine compounds, and polyfunctional isocyanate compounds.

32. The layered absorbent member of claim 31 wherein said polymeric composition has a mass average particle size at least about 50% greater than the mass average particle size of said precursor particles.