Adaptive routing in a parallel computing system

• US 5,181,017 A
• Filed: 07/27/1989
• Issued: 01/19/1993
• Est. Priority Date: 07/27/1989
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Gould, Joel M., Frey, Jr., Alexander H., Higgins, Jr., Charles M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Dixon, Joseph L.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Leibold, Gregory D.
• Application Number:
  US07/386,521
• Time in Patent Office: 1,272 Days
• Field of Search: 364/200 MS File, 364/900 MS File, 370/58, 379/826, 340/825.02, 340/827, 395/200
• US Class Current: 709/239
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/06 Deflection routing, e.g. hot-potato routing
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/22 Alternate routing
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/24 Multipath
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/32 Flooding denial of service attacks H04L63/1458

Abstract

A multi-dimensional, multi-nodal routing mechanism is described for relaying information from node to node using a header consisting of route descriptor bits. Each node'"'"'s receiver/transmitter pair changes states as the information is guided to the destination node. The message is propagated over several nodes simultaneously to traverse the nodes and reach the destination node quickly. When the final node is reached, all alternate communication routes are freed.

Claims

1. A method for routing a message in a regular topology network between a source node and a destination node, said source node building a data transaction comprising a message and header, said header including bit groups that define nodal network paths, at least one node in one of said paths performing the steps of:

(a) employing one of said bit groups of said header to establish multiple connections from an input link receiver to output link transmitters within said one node, each of said output link transmitters linked with a succeeding node, said input link receiver linked to a preceding node;

(b) copying the header from said input link receiver to each of said connected output link transmitters;

(c) modifying each copied header so that said copied header defines network paths to said destination node from succeeding nodes linked to one of said connected output link transmitters into which said header was copied; and

(d) transmitting said modified headers and said message to said succeeding nodes.

2. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein in step (a) said header portion includes at least one bit position corresponding to each output link transmitter in said one node, said method comprising the further steps of:

responding to a bit group state to establish said connection to a corresponding output link transmitter, except if said corresponding output link transmitter manifests busy or inoperative signals to indicate a non-available status; and

transmitting to said preceding node a link-close signal in response to said manifestation of said busy or inoperative signals.

3. The method as recited in claim 2 wherein said header includes a plurality of bit groups, each bit position in a bit group corresponding to a network path along a predefined dimension in said network, identical bit positions in each bit group corresponding to network path directions along an identical predefined dimension.

4. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein said message is accompanied by an end of message command that terminates said message, said message having a variable length of zero or more bytes.

5. The method as recited in claim 4 wherein said one node, upon receiving an end of message command performs the following steps:

transmitting an acknowledge command to said preceding node, followed by a link-close command.

6. The method as recited in claim 1 further comprising the step of:

instead, as recited in step (a), of establishing a connection to one of said output link transmitter, transmitting a link-close signal to said preceding node when said one of said output link transmitter signals busy or inoperative.

7. The method as recited in claim 6 comprising, between steps (c) and (d), the added steps of:

modifying a first bit group of said header to indicate network paths from one of said succeeding nodes that communication with said destination node and then modifying additional bit groups in said header to indicate network paths from additional succeeding nodes that communicate with said destination node.

12. The apparatus as recited in claim 2 wherein a said means for modifying resides within each of said output link transmitters.

13. The apparatus as recited in claim 12 wherein each said means for modifying alters a first bit group of said header to indicate network paths from one of said succeeding nodes that communicates with said destination node and then alters additional bit groups in said header to indicate network paths from additional succeeding nodes that communicate with said destination node, whereby each of said output link transmitters transmits first said altered first bit group of said header to a linked succeeding node.

8. An apparatus for routing a message in a regular topology nodal network, between a source node and a destination node, said source node building a data transaction comprising a message and header, said header including bit groups that define paths through said nodal network, at least one node in one of said paths comprising:

switch means;

a plurality of output link transmitters, each of said output link transmitters linked with a succeeding node;

a plurality of input link receivers, each input link receiver coupled to a preceding node and responsive to a received bit group of a said header, to establish multiple concurrent connections through the switch means, to output link transmitters within said one node and for copying said header to each of said connected output link transmitters; and

means for modifying each said copied header to define nodal network paths to said destination node from succeeding nodes linked to one of said output link transmitter into which said header was copied, whereby each of said output link transmitters transmits its modified header and said message to the succeeding node to which said one of said output link transmitters is linked.

9. The apparatus as recited in claim 8 wherein said header includes at least one bit position corresponding to each output link transmitter in said one node, said switch means responsive to a manifested binary value of a said bit position in said header from one of said input link receivers, to establish a said connection between the corresponding output link transmitter and said receiver.

10. The apparatus as recited in claim 8, wherein one of said input link receivers establishes one of said connections to a corresponding one of said output link transmitters, except if said corresponding one of said output link transmitters manifests busy or inoperative signals to indicate a non-available state, and if so, transmits to said preceding node a link-close signal in response to said busy or inoperative signals.

11. The apparatus as recited in claim 8 wherein said header includes a plurality of bit groups, each bit position in a bit group corresponding to a network path along a predefined dimension in said network, identical bit positions in each bit group corresponding to network path directions along an identical predefined dimension.

14. The apparatus as recited in claim 8 wherein said message is accompanied by an end of message command that terminates said message, said message having a variable length of zero or more bytes.

15. The apparatus as recited in claim 8 wherein each said input link receiver in said one node, upon receiving an end of message command, transmits an acknowledge command to said preceding node, followed by a link-close command.