Method and apparatus for transferring data between a data bus and a data storage device

• US 5,182,752 A
• Filed: 06/29/1990
• Issued: 01/26/1993
• Est. Priority Date: 06/29/1990
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Maxtor Corporation (Seagate Technology Holdings Plc)
• Original Assignee: Digital Equipment Corporation (HP Inc.)
• Inventors: Solli, Ann, Frame, Robert C., DeRoo, John E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Baker, Stephen M.
• Application Number:
  US07/545,860
• Time in Patent Office: 942 Days
• Field of Search: 371/40.1, 371/51.1, 371/37.7, 371/50.1
• US Class Current: 714/758
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/08 Error detection or correction by redundancy in data representation, e.g. by using checking codes
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/10 Adding special bits or symbols to the coded information, e.g. parity check, casting out 9's or 11's
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/1004 to protect a block of data words, e.g. CRC or checksum G06F11/1076 takes precedence; security arrangements for protecting computers or computer systems against unauthorized activity G06F21/00

Abstract

A bus interface between a data bus and data-storage devices provides error protection for multi-byte data packets received from the bus and intended for storage on an associated storage device by checking a packet for errors using check sum symbols and parity bits in the packet. The bus interface then (i) encodes a predetermined number of data symbols to generate error detection symbols, (ii) again checks the data symbols for errors using the parity bits, and (iii) stores the data and associated error detection symbols in one of the series of linked buffers. Each buffer holds enough to fill one storage unit, or sector. A storage interface later retrieves the buffered data and error detection symbols, combines them with the address of a designated storage sector, and encodes the symbols to generate error correction symbols. It then stores the encoded data, and error detection and correction symbols in the designated sector. When the storage interface later retrieves the symbols from the sector, it corrects errors in the data using the retrieved error correction symbols. It next removes the sector address from the error detection symbols and returns the data and error detection symbols to the bus interface. The bus interface (i) generates parity bits, (ii) checks for errors using the error detection symbols, (iii) generates check sum symbols and (iv) transmits the data, check sum and parity symbols over the bus. If the bus interface at any time detects an error, it stops the data transfer operation.

Claims

1. A data transmission system for transmitting data between a data bus, which transmits data in the form of multi-byte packets that include a plurality of data bytes and associated parity bits and a packet check sum symbol, and a data storage device, the system comprising:

A. a microprocessor for controlling a data transfer operation;

B. a bus interface which includes

i. receiving means for receiving data from the data bus,

ii. byte parity check means for detecting errors in received data bytes using received parity bits,

iii. converter means for converting the data bytes to data words and associating with each data word a predetermined number of parity bits,

iv. word parity check means for detecting errors in the data words using the associated parity bits,

v. encoder/decoder means for encoding a predetermined number of data words and generating error detection symbols,

vi. check sum error detecting means for detecting errors in a received multi-byte packet using the received packet check sum symbol,

the bus interface asserting an error signal, interrupting the microprocessor and stopping a data transmission operation whenever it detects an error;

C. buffer means for receiving from the bus interface data in groups containing a predetermined number of data words and associated error detection symbols and storing each group in a designated buffer;

D. a storage interface for retrieving the data groups one at a time from the buffer means and encoding the retrieved data, using an error correction code, to generate error correction symbols; and

E. a storage device for receiving the data and error correction symbols from the storage interface and storing the data and the error correction symbols in a storage unit on a storage medium.

2. The data transmission system of claim 1, wherein the buffer means includes a plurality of buffers which are the size of a data storage unit associated with the storage media, the buffers being linked by pointers which point from one buffer to a next buffer, in the order in which the buffers are filled.

3. The data transmission system of claim 2, wherein the encoder/decoder means encodes the number of data words required for a data storage unit to generate the error detection symbols.

4. The data transmission system of claim 3, wherein the bus interface further includes means for generating all-zero bytes to zero-fill a buffer if the received data does not completely fill each of the buffers associated with the received packet, the bus interface generating associated parity bits and including the all-zero bytes in error detection symbol calculations.

5. The data transmission system of claim 4, wherein the microprocessor encodes the error detection symbols in a buffer by combining the error detection symbols with symbols associated with the address of a data storage unit designated to hold the data, before the error detection symbols are encoded using the error correction code.

6. The data transmission system of claim 5, wherein the system further includes:

A. in the buffer means, means for receiving data from the storage interface and storing the data in storage-unit sized groups in the buffers;

B. in the bus interface

i. in the word parity check, generating means for generating parity bits for a data word retrieved from the buffer means,

ii. in the converter, means for converting received data words to data bytes and associating with each data byte a parity bit generated by the word parity check, and

iii. transmitting means for transmitting data on to the data bus in the form of multi-byte packets;

the bus interface checking the retrieved data words for errors using the retrieved error detection symbols before transmitting the data in the form of a multi-byte packet on to the data bus.

7. The data transmission system of claim 6, wherein the microprocessor removes from the error detection symbols in a buffer the address of the designated storage section associated with the data in the buffer before making the error detection symbols and the associated data words available to the bus interface.

8. The data transmission system of claim 7, wherein the bus interface also includes data read-back means for:

A. reading back data transmitted on the data bus by the transmitting means, and

B. comparing the read back data to the data transmitted by the transmitting means to determine if the transmitted data contains errors.

9. A method of transmitting data between a data bus and data storage devices, the data transmitting method comprising the steps of:

A. receiving from the data bus a data packet which includes a plurality of data bytes and associated parity bits and a packet check sum symbol;

B. detecting errors in the received data bytes using the receiving parity bits and asserting an error signal and interrupting a data transfer operation if any errors are detected;

C. converting the data bytes to data words and associating with each data word a predetermined number of received parity bits, if not errors are detected in the data bytes;

D. encoding a predetermined number of data words using an error detection code and generating error detection symbols;

E. detecting errors in the data words using the associated parity bits and asserting an error signal and interrupting the data transfer operation if any errors are detected;

F. storing the predetermined number of data words and associated error detection symbols in a buffer sized to hold one storage unit of data and linking this buffer by pointers with buffers associated with data from the same data packet or a later received packet, if not errors are detected in the predetermined number of data words;

G. repeating steps D-F;

H. when all the data bytes in a data packet have been encoded and stored, detecting errors in the data packet using the packet check sum symbol and asserting an error signal and interrupting the data transfer operation if any errors are detected;

I. encoding the data words and the associated error detection symbols in a first buffer associated with the data packet using an error correction code and generating error correction symbols;

J. storing the data words, associated error detection symbols and the error correction symbols in a storage unit of an associated storage device; and

K. repeating steps I and J until all the buffered data words have been stored in storage units of the associated storage device.

10. The method of transmitting data of claim 9, wherein the method further comprises the steps of:

L. retrieving from a storage unit of the associated data storage device, the stored data words and associated error detection and error correction symbols;

M. detecting and correctings errors in the data words and error detection symbols using the error correction symbols;

N. asserting an error signal and interrupting the data transfer operation if all detected errors can not be corrected;

O. generating for each data word a predetermined number of parity bits, if all detected errors are corrected;

P. detecting errors in the data words using the error detection symbols and asserting an error signal and interrupting the data transfer operation if any errors are detected;

Q. converting the data words to data bytes and associating with each data byte one of the parity bits associated with the corresponding data word, if no errors are detected;

R. repeating steps L-Q until the data associated with a data packet has been retrieved;

S. generating a check sum symbol for the data packet; and

T. transmitting the data packet on the data bus.

11. The method of transmitting data of claim 10, wherein the method further includes the step of combining the address of the storage medium unit designated to store the data with the error detection symbols associated with the data before encoding the symbols using the error correction code.

12. The method of transmitting data of claim 11, wherein the method still further includes the step of removing the address of the storage medium unit designated to store the data from the error detection symbols associated with data retrieved from the storage medium after decoding the symbols using the error correction code but before using the error detection symbols to detect errors in the retrieved data.

13. A method of transmitting data between data storage devices and a data bus, the data transmitting method comprising the steps of:

A. retrieving the data stored in a storage unit of an associated data storage device, the data consisting of a predetermined number of data words and associated error detection and error correction symbols.

B. detecting and correcting errors in the data words and error detection symbols using the error correction symbols;

C. asserting an error signal and interrupting the data transfer operation if all detected errors can not be corrected;

D. generating for each data word a predetermined number of parity bits, if all detected errors are corrected;

E. detecting errors in the data words using the error detection symbols and asserting an error signal and interrupting the data transfer operation if any errors are detected;

F. converting the data words to data bytes and associated with each data byte one of the parity bits associated with the corresponding data word, if no errors are detected;

G. repeating steps A-F until the data associated with a data packet has been retrieved;

H. generating a check sum symbol for the data packet; and

I. transmitting the data packet on the data bus.

14. The method of transmitting data of claim 13, wherein the method further includes the steps of:

J. reading back data transmitted on the data bus;

K. comparing the data which was read back to the data which was transmitted to determine if the data which was transmitted contains errors; and

L. asserting an error signal and interrupting the data transfer operation if an error is detected.

15. The method of transmitting data of claim 14, wherein the method still further includes the step of combining the address of the storage medium unit designated to store the data with the error detection symbols associated with the data before encoding the symbols using the error detection code.

16. The method of transmitting data of claim 15, wherein the method further includes

A. in the step of calculating a check sum, calculating the check sum for only the data requested by a receiving device;

B. in the step of transmitting the data packet, transmitting as part of the packet the requested data and not transmitting as part of the packet the remaining data retrieved from the storage unit.