Gated programmable ventilator

• US 5,183,038 A
• Filed: 11/04/1991
• Issued: 02/02/1993
• Est. Priority Date: 11/04/1991
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania (University of Pennsylvania)
• Original Assignee: Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania (University of Pennsylvania)
• Inventors: Hoffman, Eric A., Hanson, C. William III, Ward, Charles F. III
• Primary Examiner(s): Grieb, William H.
• Application Number:
  US07/787,510
• Time in Patent Office: 456 Days
• Field of Search: 128/204.21, 128/204.23, 128/204.18, 128/205.23
• US Class Current: 128/204.21
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/0009 with sub-atmospheric pressure, e.g. during expiration
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/024 including calculation means, e.g. using a processor
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2016/0036 in the breathing tube and used in both inspiratory and expiratory phase
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2230/005 Parameter used as control input for the apparatus
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2230/04 Heartbeat characteristics, e.g. ECG, blood pressure modulation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/191 mechanically acting upon the outside of the patient's native heart, e.g. compressive structures placed around the heart
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/289 Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation assisting the residual heart function by means mechanically acting upon the patient's native heart or blood vessel structure, e.g. direct cardiac compression [DCC] devices
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/515 Regulation using real-time patient data
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/585 User interfaces

Abstract

A ventiltor for ventilating the lungs of a patient is described as including a valve member connected to a fluid source and to the patient. The valve member controls the flow of fluid to the patient in response to a control signal. A programmable controller, connected to the valve member, generates the control signal for the valve member. The programmable controller includes a memory in which fluid flow rate information has been stored and a microprocessor. The controller is operative to determine a desired fluid flow rate in relation to the flow rate information and for generating the control signal in relation to the flow rate signal. In a preferred embodiment the valve member includes a plurality of first and second valves, wherein each of the second valves are operative to allow fluid to pass therethrough at flow rates which are multiples of a master flow rate. It is especially preferred for the multiple for each second valve to be equal to the value 2^M, where M is an integer from zero to one less than the number of second valves. If the memory further has stored therein pressure information it is desireable to include a first monitor for generating a heart signal, a second monitor for generating a lung flow rate and a third monitor for generating a lung pressure signal. In such a situation it is preferred for the controller to be connected to receive the heart signal, the flow rate signal and the pressure signal, and for the control signal to be generated in response to such signals.

Claims

1. A ventilator for ventilating the lungs of a patient with a fluid from a source of pressurized fluid, comprising:

valve means, adaptable for connection to said source and to said patient, for controlling the flow of said fluid therethrough in response to a control signal; and

a programmable controller, connected to said valve means, for generating said control signal, said programmable controller comprising a memory in which fluid flow rate information has been stored and a microprocessor connected to said memory, said controller being operative for determining a desired flow rate of said fluid in relation to said flow rate information and for generating said control signal in relation to said flow rate.

2. The ventilator of claim 1, wherein said control signal is a digital word of M bits in length.

3. The ventilator of claim 2, wherein M is equal to 8.

4. The ventilator of claim 1, wherein said memory further has stored therein pressure information, further comprising:

a first monitor for generating a heart signal representative of the action of the heart of said patient;

a second monitor for generating a flow rate signal representative of the rate of flow of fluid into and out of said lungs;

a third monitor for generating a pressure signal representative of the air pressure in said lungs;

wherein said controller is connected to receive said heart signal, said flow rate signal and said pressure signal, and wherein said control signal is generated in response to said heart signal, said flow rate signal and said pressure signal.

5. The ventilator of claim 1, wherein said valve means comprises a first valve connected to said source and operative to open and close in response to said control signal and a second valve connected to said first valve and to said patient and operative to allow said fluid to pass therethrough at a fixed flow rate.

6. The ventilator of claim 5, further comprising a plurality of said first and second valves, wherein each of said second valves are operative to allow said fluid to pass therethrough at flow rates which are multiples of a master flow rate.

7. The ventilator of claim 6, wherein each of said multiples are equal to the value 2^M, where M is an integer from zero to one less than the number of said second valves.

8. The ventilator of claim 7, wherein said master flow rate equals 0.1 liters/minute.

9. The ventilator of claim 5, wherein said first valve is a solenoid valve and said second valve is a needle valve.

10. The ventilator of claim 1, further comprising a monitor for generating a flow rate signal representative of the fluid flow into said lungs during inspiration, wherein said flow rate information stored in said memory comprises a reference value and wherein said microprocessor compares said flow rate signal to said reference value and adjusts said control signal when said flow rate signal exceeds said reference value.

11. The ventilator of claim 1, wherein said control signal is generated such that inspiration pulses are superimposed during ventilation.