Apparatus and method for heating water for infusion and the like

• US 5,183,998 A
• Filed: 05/30/1990
• Issued: 02/02/1993
• Est. Priority Date: 05/30/1990
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Sunbeam Products, Inc. d/b/a Jarden Consumer Solutions (Newell Brands Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Mr. Coffee, Inc. (Newell Brands Inc.)
• Inventors: Hoffman, Ronald J., Pillion, Lawrence M., Jewell, Paul L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Paschall, Mark H.
• Application Number:
  US07/529,900
• Time in Patent Office: 979 Days
• Field of Search: 219/491, 219/492, 219/497, 219/499, 219/501, 219/505, 219/506, 219/508, 219/441, 219/439, 219/452, 219/494, 392/478, 392/485, 99/279, 99/281, 99/285
• US Class Current: 219/492
• CPC Class Codes: A47J 31/52 Alarm-clock-controlled mechanisms for coffee- or tea-making apparatus ; Timers for coffee- or tea-making apparatus; Electronic control devices for coffee- or tea-making apparatus
• CPC Class Codes: A47J 31/5253 of temperature
• CPC Class Codes: G05D 23/1912 whose output amplitude can take more than two discrete values

Abstract

An automatic electric maker for coffee or the like, having user selectable AUTO, BREW, WARM or OFF modes. The temperature of the WARM mode is selectable by applying partial power to the heating element. Full power can be triggered using a phase controlled triggerable semiconductor. Monitoring devices measure temperature and time to control the operator of the apparatus and to detect malfunction. A temperature comparator is provided to determine if the water conduit should be cleaned and to determine if the BREW state of the machine should be converted to the WARM state, and to place the system in the OFF state if necessary.

Claims

1. Apparatus for heating water for infusing coffee or the like, said apparatus comprising:

heating means supplied by an A.C. power source;

power control means for connecting said A.C. power source to said heating means;

high power means for causing said power control means to apply full A.C. power to said heating means when a high power is required for the operation of said apparatus;

low power means for causing said power control means to apply a portion of subsequent AC cycles to said heating means when a lower power is required, said low power means comprising phase delay means for limiting the application of A.C. power to the portion of subsequent A.C. cycles; and

said power control means including triac means for receiving a control signal from either the high power means or the low power means for applying A.C. power from an A.C. power source to said heater means; and

trigger means having inputs operatively connected to said high power means and to said low power means and whose output is operatively connected to the gate of said triac means, said trigger means generating a current spike for enabling said triac means during each half of an A.C. voltage cycle.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said trigger means generates a negative current spike for enabling said triac means during each half of an A.C. voltage cycle.

3. Apparatus according to claim 2 and further comprising zero crossing detection means for detecting each sign change of the A.C. voltage line and operatively connected to said high power means and to said low power means;

and

trigger delay means included in said high power means and responsive to the output of said zero crossing detecting means for activating the trigger means with an adequate delay after each zero crossing to allow sufficient A.C. voltage to be applied across the triac to allow a stable activation of said triac.

4. Apparatus according to claim 2 and further comprising:

zero crossing detection means for detecting each sign change of the A.C. voltage line and operatively connected to said high power means and to said low power means; and

phase delay means included in said low power means and responsive to the output of said zero crossing detection means for delaying the activation of said trigger means to enable said triac to the latter half of each half of the A.C. voltage cycles.

5. Apparatus according to claim 4 further comprising user actuable phase adjustment means operatively connected to said phase delay means for continuously adjusting within a predetermined range the amount of delay to vary the heating means temperature.

6. Apparatus according to claim 5 wherein said phase delay means comprises:

resistor means and capacitor means operatively connected to each other for establishing a first variable voltage, said voltage being representative of the time elapsed after the detection of an A.C. line zero voltage crossing by said zero crossing detection means;

reference voltage continuously adjustable within a predetermined range, said reference voltage being representative of the phase delay required; and

phase voltage comparator means having an output activated when said first variable voltage crosses the value of said reference voltage, said output being operatively connected to said trigger means.

47. Apparatus according to claim 1 and further including means for holding a vessel for receiving liquid from said apparatus, and reset detector means for preventing said power control means from supplying A.C. power to said heating means when no vessel is detected in the vessel holding means.

48. Apparatus according to claim 47, wherein said vessel detector means includes magnetic switch means having open and closed states, said magnetic switch means enabling said power control means to operate when said switch means is in the closed state, and said vessel detector means further includes magnetic means for rendering said magnetic switch means in the closed state when a vessel is on said vessel holding means;

and wherein said magnetic switch means enters the open state when no vessel is on said vessel holding means.

7. Apparatus for monitoring the temperature of heating means in an electric coffee maker or the like, said apparatus comprising

temperature sensor means operatively connected to said heating means;

temperature comparator means connected to the output of said temperature sensor means, said temperature comparator means providing at least one output when the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor means passes a first higher pre-established temperature threshold and a second output when the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor means passes a second, relatively lower pre-established temperature threshold; and

state control means for controlling the operational sequence of said coffee maker, said state control means having at least two operative inputs and generating output signals for controlling the logical operational sequence of said coffee maker, the output of said temperature comparator means controlling the operation of said state control means.

8. Apparatus according to claim 7 wherein said temperature comparator means provides a third output when the temperature sensed by said temperature sensor means passes a third pre-established temperature threshold, said third threshold being intermediate to said first and second temperature thresholds.

9. Apparatus according to claim 8 wherein said temperature sensor means is a thermistor.

10. Apparatus according to claim 9 wherein said temperature comparator means comprises a differential, parallel resistor ladder network:

a first network consisting of resistors connected in series and supplied by a D.C. voltage to establish at the junction of said resistors reference voltages corresponding to said pre-established temperature thresholds,

a second network consisting of a resistor and the thermistor connected in series and supplied by the same D.C. voltage, the voltage at the junction of said resistor and said thermistor corresponding to the temperature sensed by the thermistor;

at least two voltage comparator means having each two inputs and one output with one of the inputs of each voltage comparator means connected to a corresponding junction of said first network and with the other input of each comparator means connected to the junction of said second network, wherein a change in sign of the output of a voltage comparator means is reflective of the crossing of the temperature sensed by the thermistor of the corresponding temperature threshold, to control the operational sequence of said state control means.

11. Apparatus according to claim 8 and further including trigger means having inputs operatively connected to said high power means and low power means, and whose output is operatively connected to the gate of said triac, said trigger means generating a current spike for enabling said triac during each half of an A.C. voltage cycle.

12. Apparatus according to claim 11 and further including trigger means having inputs operatively connected to said high and low power means, and an output operatively connected to the gate of said triac, said trigger means generating a negative current spike for enabling said, triac during each half of an A.C. voltage cycle.

13. Apparatus according to claim 12 and further comprising:

zero crossing detection means for detecting each sign change of the A.C. voltage line and operatively connected to said high power means and to said low power means; and

trigger delay means included in said high power means and responsive to the output of said zero crossing detection means for activating the trigger means with an adequate delay after each zero crossing to allow sufficient A.C. voltage to be applied across the triac to allow a stable activation of said triac.

14. Apparatus according to claim 12 and further comprising:

zero crossing detection means for detecting each sign change of the A.C. voltage line and operatively connected to said high power means and to said low power means; and

phase delay means included in said low power means and responsive to the output of said zero crossing detection means for delaying the activation of said trigger means to enable said triac to the latter half of each half of the A.C. voltage cycle.

15. Apparatus according to claim 14 further comprising user actuable phase adjustment means operatively connected to said phase delay means for continuously adjusting within a predetermined range the amount of delay to vary the heating means temperature.

16. Apparatus according to claim 15 wherein said phase delay means comprises:

resistor means and capacitor means operatively connected to each other for establishing a first variable voltage, said voltage being representative of the time elapsed after the detection of an A.C. line zero voltage crossing by said zero crossing detection means;

reference voltage means for establishing a reference voltage continuously adjustable within a predetermined range, said reference voltage being representative of the phase delay required; and

phase voltage comparator means having an output activated when said first variable voltage crosses the value of said reference voltage, said output being operatively connected to said trigger means.

17. Apparatus for heating a liquid for infusing coffee or the like, said apparatus having a BREW state during which hot water is infused over coffee or the like to brew a hot beverage and a WARM state to maintain the hot beverage at a desired drinking temperature, said apparatus comprising:

heating means for being power by an A.C. power source;

power control means for connecting said A.C. power source to said heating means;

high power means for causing said power control means to apply relatively full A.C. power to said heating means during the BREW state;

low power means for causing said power control means to apply a portion of subsequent A.C. cycles to said heating means during the WARM state;

temperature sensor means operatively connected to said heating means for continuously monitoring the temperature of said heating means;

temperature comparator means connected to the output of said temperature sensor means, said temperature comparator means providing at least one output when the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor means passes a first higher pre-established temperature and a second output when the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor means passes a second relatively lower pre-established temperature threshold, and

state control means responsive to the outputs of said temperature comparator means for controlling the status of the apparatus between a BREW state and a WARM state, said state control means activating the high power means during the BREW state and the low power means during the WARM state.

18. Apparatus according to claim 17 wherein said power control means is an electronic switch.

19. Apparatus according to claim 18 wherein said power control means is a triac.

20. Apparatus according to claim 19 wherein said temperature sensor means is a thermistor.

21. Apparatus according to claim 17 wherein said low power means comprise phase delay means limiting the application of A.C. power to a portion of subsequent A.C. cycles.

22. Apparatus according to claim 21 wherein said temperature comparator means provides a third output when the temperature sensed by said temperature sensor means passes a third pre-established temperature threshold, said third threshold being intermediate to said first and second temperature thresholds.

23. Apparatus according to claim 21 wherein said temperature comparator means comprises differential, parallel resistor ladder networks, said networks comprising:

a first network including resistor means connected in series and supplied by a D.C. voltage to establish at the junction of said resistor means reference voltages corresponding respectively to said pre-established temperature thresholds;

a second network including resistor means and the thermistor connected in series and supplied by the same D.C. voltage as the first network, the voltage at the junction of said resistor means and said thermistor corresponding to the temperature sensed by the thermistor at the heating means;

and wherein at least two voltage comparator means having each two inputs and one output with one of the inputs of each voltage comparator connected to a corresponding junction of said first network and with the other input of each comparator means connected to the junction of said second network, wherein a change in sign of the output of a voltage comparator is reflective of the crossing of the temperature sensed by the thermistor of the corresponding temperature threshold to control the operational sequence of the state control means.

24. Apparatus according to claim 23 wherein said temperature comparator means includes a first voltage comparator means having an output when the temperature sensor means crosses a first lower pre-established temperature (T_TAT);

a second voltage comparator means having an output when the temperature sensor means crosses a second intermediate pre-established temperature (T_LO); and

a third voltage comparator means having an output when the temperature sensor means crosses a third higher pre-established temperature (T_HI).

25. Apparatus according to claim 24 wherein the BREW state and the WARM state of said apparatus are included in the state control means, and wherein said state control further includes an OFF state and an ON state, and said apparatus further includes:

temperature sensor timer means operatively connected to said state control means and to said first voltage comparator means, said temperature sensor timer means being activated by the initiation of the BREW state of the state control means for causing the state control means to change to the OFF state after a predetermined period of time in the absence of an output by said first voltage comparator means within said predetermined period of time.

26. Apparatus according to claim 24 wherein the BREW state and the WARM state of said apparatus are included in the state control means, and wherein said state control further includes an OFF state and an ON state and said apparatus further includes:

clean indicator means for indicating the formation of water deposits in the heating means;

indicator drive means for activating said clean indicator means, said indicator drive means being operatively connected to said state control means;

clean timer means activated, during the BREW state, by second voltage comparator means output when the temperature sensed by temperature sensor means exceeds the pre-established intermediate temperature T_LO, said clean timer means activating said state control means for activating said indicator drive means and clean indicator means after a predetermined time period in the absence of an output by third voltage comparator means during said predetermined time period.

27. Apparatus according to claim 26 wherein the output of said second voltage comparator means and the predetermined time period of said clean timer means are set according to the temperature (T_LO)-time characteristics consistent with the formation of excessive water deposit built up in said heating means.

28. Apparatus according to claim 24 wherein the BREW state and the WARM state of said apparatus are included in the state control means, and wherein said state control means further includes an ON state and an OFF state and wherein said state control is further operatively connected to the output of said third voltage comparator means, said state control means changing from its BREW state to the WARM state in response to a first in time output by said third voltage comparator means.

29. Apparatus according to claim 28 wherein the state control means, in response to its change in state from the BREW state to the WARM state further deactivates the high power means.

30. Apparatus according to claim 29 wherein said low power means are activated by said state control means, said state controller means being responsive to an output, during the WARM state, of said second voltage comparator means.

31. Apparatus according to claim 30 wherein said apparatus further includes thermal shut-off means, said thermal shut-off means being operatively connected to said state control means, for changing the state of said state control means from the WARM state to the OFF state in response to an output of said third voltage comparator means.

32. Apparatus according to claim 31 said apparatus further including thermal shut-off activator means for enabling or disabling the operation of said thermal shut-off means.

33. Apparatus according to claim 30 wherein said apparatus further includes:

auto shut-off timer means for changing the state of the state control means from the WARM state to the OFF state after a preselected time period;

auto shut-off timer selector means for varying the length of the preselected time period;

said auto shut off timer means being activated by an output of the state control means at the initialization of the BREW state, and

said auto shut-off means having an output operatively connected to said state control means for changing the state of said state control means from the BREW state or the WARM state to the OFF state when said output of said auto shut-off means becomes active after a preselected time period.

34. Apparatus according to claim 25 wherein said apparatus further comprises change of state indicator means operatively connected to said state control means for indicating each change of state of said state control means.

35. Apparatus according to claim 34 wherein said change of state indicator means is a piezoelectric beeper.

36. Apparatus for heating water for infusing coffee or the like, said apparatus being connected to an electrical power source and having at least two electrically operated components, said apparatus having:

state control means having at least two inputs and at least one output for controlling the sequential operation of said apparatus, said state control means having at least two control states for controlling the respective components;

user means for a user to actuate at least one input to select the state of said state control means;

indicator means for indicating the state of said apparatus;

indicator drive means operatively connected to said state control means for activating said indicator means;

heating means supplied by an electrical power source for heating water at a high power level in the BREW state or at a relatively lower power level in the WARM state;

power control means operatively connected to said heating means for connecting the electrical power source to said heating means;

high power means for causing said power control means to apply relatively full electrical power to said heating means when the BREW state is active;

low power means for causing said power control means to apply a portion of the electrical power to said heating means when the WARM state is active;

temperature sensor means operatively connected to said heating means for monitoring the temperature of said heating means;

temperature comparator means operatively connected to said temperature sensor means for providing a first output to said state control means when the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor means exceeds a first pre-established temperature threshold, a second output when the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor means exceeds a second pre-established temperature threshold, and a third output when the temperature sensed by said temperature sensor means goes below a third pre-established temperature threshold intermediate to the first and second temperature thresholds;

said state control means changing from its BREW state to its WARM state in response to the first time a second output is received from the temperature comparator means and deactivating said power control means;

said state control means activating said power control means when said temperature comparator means detects a temperature sensed by said temperature sensor means going below the third pre-established temperature threshold;

temperature sensor timer means operatively connected to said state control means and to the first output of said temperature comparator means, said temperature sensor timer means being activated by the initiation of the BREW state of the state control means for causing the state control means to change to the OFF state after a first predetermined period of time in the absence of an output by said first output of said temperature comparator means within said first predetermined period of time;

clean timer means activated during the BREW state for a clean time period, by and during the third output of said temperature comparator means when the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor means exceeds the third pre-established temperature threshold, said clean timer means activating said state control means for activating said indicator drive means and clean indicator means, in the absence of a second output from said temperature comparator means during said clean time period;

system clock means for controlling the sequential operation of the components of said apparatus; and

power-up reset means for checking the operability of selected components of said apparatus when an A.C. power source is initially supplied to said apparatus, and for disabling said apparatus when one of said selected components is not operating properly.

37. Apparatus according to claim 36 and further including manually operable means operatively connected to said state control means for a user to override the state of said state controller and to implement a different state.

38. Apparatus according to claim 36 and further including automatic shut-off timer means operatively connected to said state control means for changing the state of said state control means from the BREW state or the WARM state to the OFF state after a predetermined period of time.

39. Apparatus according to claim 36 and further including means for holding a vessel for receiving liquid from said apparatus, and vessel detector means for preventing power from energizing said heating means when no vessel is held by said vessel holding means.

40. Apparatus according to claim 36 wherein said state control means further includes an AUTO state.

41. Apparatus according to claim 36 and further including input means operatively connected to external control means to change the state controller means to implement a different state.

42. Apparatus according to claim 36 and further including latched cleaning indicator means, said latched means being latched in response to an output of said clean timer means, said latched means being unlatched by the deactivation of said power source or the change of state of said state control means to the BREW state.

43. Apparatus according to claim 36 wherein said power source reset means further sets the apparatus to the OFF state when said power source means would cause the operating voltage of said apparatus to go below a pre-determined low level.

44. Apparatus according to claim 36 and further including automatic shut-off timer means operatively connected to said state control means for changing the state of said state control means from the BREW state to the OFF state after a pre-determined period of time.

45. Apparatus according to claim 36 and further including means for receiving cleaning liquid, and adjusting means for adjusting the low power means to supply adequate electrical power to clean the apparatus.

46. Apparatus according to claim 45 and further including thermal shut-off means to set the state controller to the OFF state when all of the cleaning liquid has been discharged.

49. Apparatus for heating a liquid for infusing coffee or the like, said apparatus having a BREW state during which hot water is infused over coffee or the like to brew a hot beverage and a WARM state to maintain the hot beverage at a desired drinking temperature, said apparatus comprising:

heating means being powered by an A.C. power source;

power control means for connecting said A.C. power source to said heating means;

high power means for causing said power control means to apply full A.C. power to said heating means during the BREW state and low power means for causing said power control means to apply partial power to said heating means during the WARM state;

temperature sensor means operatively connected to said heating means for continuously monitoring the temperature of said heating means;

temperature comparator means connected to the output of said temperature sensor means, said temperature comparator means providing at least one output when the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor means exceeds a temperature T_HI and a second output when the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor means goes below a temperature T_LO ; and

state control means responsive to the outputs of said temperature comparator means for controlling the status of the apparatus between a BREW state and a WARM state;

wherein said temperature comparator means comprises differential, parallel resistor ladder networks, said networks comprising;

a first network including resistor means connected in series and supplied by a D.C. voltage to establish at the junction of said resistor means reference voltages corresponding respectively to said pre-established temperatures T_LO and T_HI ;

a second network including resistor means and thermistor means connected in series and supplied by the same D.C. voltage as the first network, the voltage at the junction of said resistor means and said thermistor means corresponding to the temperature sensed by the thermistor means at the heating means; and

and wherein at least two voltage comparator means, each having two inputs and one output, with one of the inputs of each voltage comparator connected to a corresponding junction of said first network, and with the other input of each comparator means connected to the junction of said second network, wherein a change in sign of the output of a voltage comparator is reflective of the crossing of the temperature sensed by the thermistor means of the corresponding temperature T_LO or T_HI to control the operational sequence of the state control means.

50. Apparatus for heating a liquid for infusing coffee or the like, said apparatus having a BREW state during which hot water is infused over coffee or the like to brew a hot beverage and a WARM state to maintain the hot beverage at a desired drinking temperature, said apparatus comprising:

heating means being powered by an A.C. power source;

power control means for connecting said A.C. power source to said heating means;

power means for causing said power control means to apply full A.C. power to said heating means during the BREW state and for causing said power control means to apply partial power to said heating means during the WARM state;

temperature sensor means operatively connected to said heating means for continuously monitoring the temperature of said heating means;

T_HI temperature comparator means connected to the output of said temperature sensor means for generating an output when the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor means exceeds a temperature T_HI, and T_LO temperature comparator means connected to the output of said temperature sensor means for generating an output when the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor means goes below a temperature T_LO, and

state control means responsive to the outputs of said temperature comparator means for controlling the status of the apparatus between a BREW state and a WARM state.

51. Apparatus for heating a liquid for infusing coffee or the like, said apparatus having a BREW state during which hot water is infused over coffee or the like to brew a hot beverage and a WARM state to maintain the hot beverage at a desired drinking temperature, said apparatus comprising:

heating means being powered by an A.C. power source;

power control means for connecting said A.C. power source to said heating means;

power means for causing said power control means to apply full A.C. power to said heating means during the BREW state and for causing said power control means to apply partial power to said heating means during the WARM state;

temperature sensor means operatively connected to said heating means for continuously monitoring the temperature of said heating means;

temperature comparator means connected to the output of said temperature sensor means, said temperature comparator means providing at least one output when the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor means exceeds a temperature T_HI and a second output when the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor means goes below a temperature T_LO ;

state control means responsive to the outputs of said temperature comparator means for controlling the status of the apparatus between a BREW state and a WARM state, and between an OFF state and an ON state;

clean indicator means for indicating the formation of mineral deposits in the heating means;

indicator drive means for activating said clean indicator means, said indicator drive means being operatively connected to said state control means; and

clean timer means activated, during the BREW state, by said temperature comparator means output when the temperature sensed by temperature sensor means exceeds the temperature T_LO, said clean timer means activating said state control means for activating said indicator drive means and said clean indicator means after a predetermined time period in the absence of an output by said temperature comparator means when the temperature sensed by said temperature sensor means exceeds the temperature T_HI during said predetermined time period.

52. Apparatus according to claim 51 wherein the activated indicator drive means remains activated until said state control means initiates the next BREW state or until the A.C. power source to said apparatus is interrupted.

53. Apparatus for heating a liquid for infusing coffee or the like, said apparatus having a BREW state during which hot water is infused over coffee or the like to brew a hot beverage and a WARM state to maintain the hot beverage at a desired drinking temperature, said apparatus comprising:

heating means being powered by an A.C. power source;

power control means for connecting said A.C. power source to said heating means;

power means for causing said power control means to apply full A.C. power to said heating means during the BREW state and for causing said power control means to apply partial A.C. power to said heating means during the WARM state;

temperature sensor means operatively connected to said heating means for continuously monitoring the temperature of said heating means;

temperature comparator means connected to the output of said temperature sensor means and providing at least one output when the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor means exceeds a temperature T_HI, and a second output when the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor means goes below a temperature T_LO ; and

state control means for setting said power control means to an ON state and to an OFF state, said state control means being responsive to a first-in-time output of said temperature comparator means that the temperature sensed by said temperature sensor means exceeds temperature T_HI for changing the status of the apparatus from its BREW state to its WARM state and to set said power control means to the OFF state; and

being responsive to a second-in-time output, during the WARM state, of said temperature comparator means when the temperature sensor means goes below the temperature T_LO to set said power control means to the ON state, for supplying partial A.C. power to said heating means; and

thermal shut-off means operatively connected to said state control means, for changing the state of said state control means from the WARM state to the OFF state in response to a third-in-time output of said temperature comparator means when the temperature sensed by said temperature sensor means exceeds temperature T_HI.

54. Apparatus according to claim 53 wherein said apparatus further includes thermal shut-off activator means for enabling or disabling the operation of said thermal shut-off means.

55. Apparatus for heating a liquid for infusing coffee or the like, said apparatus having a BREW state during which hot water is infused over coffee or the like to brew a hot beverage and a WARM state to maintain the hot beverage at a desired drinking temperature, said apparatus comprising:

heating means for being powered by an A.C. power source;

power control means for connecting said A.C. power source to said heating means;

high power means for causing said power control means to apply full A.C. power to said heating means during the BREW state;

low power means for causing said power control means to apply partial A.C. power to said heating means during the WARM state;

temperature sensor means operatively connected to said heating means for continuously monitoring the temperature of said heating means;

T_HI temperature comparator means connected to the output of said temperature sensor means, said temperature comparator means providing at least one output when the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor means exceeds a temperature T_HI, and T_LO temperature comparator means connected to the output of said temperature sensor means for generating an output when the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor means goes below a pre-established temperature T_LO ;

state control means having a BREW state, a WARM state and an OFF state, said state control means being responsive to a first-in-time output of said temperature comparator means that the temperature sensed by said temperature sensor means exceeds temperature T_HI for changing the status of the apparatus from its BREW state to its WARM state, and being responsive to a second-in-time output, during the WARM state, of said temperature comparator means when the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor means goes below temperature T_LO to activate said low power means for applying partial A.C. power to said heating means;

thermal shut-off means which are operatively connected to said state control means, for changing the state of said state control means from the WARM state to the OFF state in response to a third-in-time output of said comparator means when the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor means goes below temperature T_LO ;

auto shut-off timer means for changing the state of the state control means from the WARM state or the BREW state to the OFF state after a preselected auto shut-off time period;

auto shut-off timer selector means for varying the length of the preselected auto shut-off time period; and

said auto shut-off timer means being activated by an output of the state control means at the initiation of the BREW state.