Method and system for electricity storage and discharge

• US 5,184,058 A
• Filed: 05/20/1991
• Issued: 02/02/1993
• Est. Priority Date: 05/20/1991
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Science Applications International Corporation
• Original Assignee: The Fleming Group
• Inventors: Hesse, Bradley J., Gentile, Philip J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Stephan, Steven L.
• Assistant Examiner(s): DAVIDSON, BEN
• Application Number:
  US07/703,231
• Time in Patent Office: 624 Days
• Field of Search: 320/4, 320/15, 320/28, 320/43, 320/59, 320/56, 320/61, 363/59
• US Class Current: 320/109
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2200/26 Rail vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/14 Conductive energy transfer
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/64 Optimising energy costs, e.g. responding to electricity rates
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/65 involving identification of vehicles or their battery types
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 15/00 Systems for storing electric energy mechanical systems therefor F01-F04; in chemical form H01M
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2310/48 for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0013 acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially H02J7/1423 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 Plug-in electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/16 Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/167 Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 30/14 Details associated with the interoperability, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing

Abstract

The present invention features a method and system for storing electrical energy, and then using the stored energy to recharge automobiles. The system of the invention features a number of storage and recharging facilities that are connected to a main power generating station. Power is generally demanded from the power station in the evening or during off-peak power demand periods, in order to obtain lower rates from the power utility. Also, off-peak power loading does not put a strain on the power system. The energy obtained from the power utility company is then stored at each recharging facility in a bank of capacitors. A high voltage transformer and rectifier arranged ahead of the capacitor banks converts the incoming AC high voltage power from the utility to the required DC voltage for capacitor storage. The controller distributes power to a number of charging bays that are connected to the capacitor bank. A vehicle needing charging pulls into an individual bay in the recharging facility, and is connected to a metering device having feedback control. A sensing unit interrogates the power remaining in the batteries of the vehicle, and passes this information onto a controller. In this manner, the exact amount of required energy is transferred to the vehicle.

Claims

1. A recharging system for electrically powered vehicles comprising:

a plurality of recharging facilities for electrically recharging electrically driven vehicles, each recharging facility being located along any travel route of said driven vehicles and drawing its power from a main power generating plant during off-peak hours for recharging said vehicles at any time;

a bank of capacitors disposed at each of said recharging facilities for storing said power drawn from the main power generating plant, and having the capability of discharging said power to vehicles in need of electrical recharge;

a number of recharging bays disposed at each recharging facility having plug-in receptacles for recharging said electrically driven vehicles; and

a controller disposed between each plug-in receptacle and said bank of capacitors for controlling the discharge of energy to a vehicle being electrically recharged.

2. The recharging system for electrically powered vehicles in accordance with claim 1, further comprising a transformer and rectifier connected ahead of said bank of capacitors for converting power drawn from said power generating plant to power at capacitor voltage levels.

3. The recharging system for electrically powered vehicles in accordance with claim 1, further comprising an inverter operatively connected to each plug-in receptacle for converting capacitive power to household current.

4. The recharging system for electrically powered vehicles in accordance with claim 1, wherein a size of a capacitor in said bank of capacitors is determined according to the formula:

##EQU2## where;

P_o =output power of storage system

E_o =output voltage of storage system

t=system operation time in seconds

C=capacitance expressed in Farads.

5. The recharging system for electrically powered vehicles in accordance with claim 1, further comprising a pair of transfer switches operatively connected to said bank of capacitors for by-passing power drawn from said power generating plant.

6. A method of recharging electrically driven vehicles, comprising the steps of:

a) drawing power from a main power generating plant during hours of off-peak demand;

b) transforming and rectifying said power for storage in a bank of capacitors each located at one of a plurality of recharging facilities disposed along travelled routes of said electrically driven vehicles, said recharging facilities having a number of recharging bays for recharging individual electrically driven vehicles; and

c) discharging the power stored in said bank of capacitors to electrically driven vehicles each disposed in respective ones of said recharging bays.

7. The method of recharging electrically driven vehicles in accordance with claim 6, further comprising the step of:

d) measuring the amount of electricity discharged from said bank of capacitors to each of said electrically driven vehicles.

8. The method of recharging electrically driven vehicles in accordance with claim 7, further comprising the step of:

e) calculating the billing fee from said measured amount of electricity discharged from said bank of capacitors.

9. The method of recharging electrically driven vehicles in accordance with claim 6, wherein said discharging step (c) comprises the additional step of inverting capacitor power to household current.

10. The method of recharging electrically driven vehicles in accordance with claim 6, wherein said discharging step (c) comprises the additional step of sensing the state-of-charge of each electrically driven vehicle being recharged.

11. A recharging system for electrically powered vehicles comprising:

a plurality of recharging facilities for electrically recharging electrically driven vehicles, each recharging facility being located along any travel route of said driven vehicles and drawing its power from a main power generating plant during off-peak hours for recharging said vehicles at any time;

electricity storage means disposed at each of said recharging facilities for storing said power drawn from the main power generating plant, and having the capability of discharging said power to vehicles in need of electrical recharge;

a number of recharging bays disposed at each recharging facility having plug-in receptacles for recharging said electrically driven vehicles; and

a controller disposed between each plug-in receptacle and said electricity storage means for controlling the discharge of energy to a vehicle being electrically recharged; and

12. The recharging system for electrically powered vehicles in accordance with claim 11, further comprising a transformer and rectifier connected ahead of said electricity storage means for converting power drawn from said power generating plant to power at capacitor voltage levels.

13. The recharging system for electrically powered vehicles in accordance with claim 11, further comprising an inverter operatively connected to each plug-in receptacle for converting capacitive power to household current.

14. A recharging system for electrically powered vehicles comprising:

a plurality of recharging facilities for electrically recharging electrically driven vehicles, each recharging facility being located along any travel route of said driven vehicles and drawing its power from a main power generating plant during off-peak hours for recharging said vehicles at any time;

a bank of capacitors disposed at each of said recharging facilities for storing said power drawn from the main power generating plant, and having the capability of discharging said power to vehicles in need of electrical recharge;

a pair of transfer switches operatively connected to said bank of capacitors for by-passing power drawn from said power generating plant;

a number of recharging bays disposed at each recharging facility having plug-in receptacles for recharging said electrically driven vehicles; and

a controller disposed between each plug-in receptacle and said bank of capacitors for controlling the discharge of energy to a vehicle being electrically recharged.