Blood gas parameter measuring system

• US 5,184,618 A
• Filed: 01/23/1991
• Issued: 02/09/1993
• Est. Priority Date: 04/25/1990
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Hewlett-Packard Company (HP Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Hewlett-Packard Company (HP Inc.)
• Inventors: Blank, Michael, Wider, Bernhard, Vester, Joachim
• Primary Examiner(s): Cohen, Lee S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): PONTIUS, KEVIN LANE
• Application Number:
  US07/645,595
• Time in Patent Office: 748 Days
• Field of Search: 128/633, 128/634, 128/665, 128/666, 356/40, 356/41
• US Class Current: 600/317
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1455 using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/6419 Excitation at two or more wavelengths
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/6432 Quenching
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/6408 with measurement of decay time, time resolved fluorescence

Abstract

A system for invasive measuring of blood gas parameters, such as pH, pO₂ or pCO₂ , or for measuring other parameters influencing the time constant of the excited state of a fluorescent dye, comprises a light generation device including a generator (2), a delay device (4) and a light source (6), a fluorescent measuring probe (1), a light reception device (16), a light guide device, which is adapted to be switched over and which, in its first switching state, optically connects the light source (6) to the fluorescent measuring probe (1) and said probe (1) to the light reception device (16) and which, in its second switching state, establishes an optical connection between the light source (6) and the light reception device (16), a phase metering device (17to 20, 23 to 27) as well as an evaluation device (28), which, in the second switching state of the light guide device (7), determines the transfer characteristic of the blood gas parameter measuring system and which, in the first switching state of the light guide device (7), determines the measuring value of the blood gas parameter on the basis of the transfer characteristic, the output signal of the phase metering device (17 to 20, 23 to27) and a correlation between the respective values of the blood gas parameter and the associated values of the time constant of the fluorescent measuring probe (1), said correlation being predetermined for the fluorescent measuring probe (1).

Claims

1. A system for invasive measurement of blood gas parameters, including pH, pO₂ or pCO₂, or for measuring other parameters influencing the time constant of an excited state of a fluorescent dye, comprising:

(a) a light generation device including

(a1) a generator having an outer signal (2),

(a2) a controllable delay device (4) having at least two delay states and

(a3) a light source means (6) coupled to said generator (2) via said delay device (4) for producing excitation light of a first wavelength;

(b) a fluorescent measuring probe (1) provided with

(b1) a fluorescent dye that is positionable in ion exchange connection with blood;

(b2) said fluorescent dye adapted to be brought to an excited state by means of light of a first wavelength and returning, while emitting light of a second wavelength, from the excited state to a ground state with a time constant depending on the blood gas parameter to be measured,

(c) a light reception device (16) for converting light of said first and second wavelengths into a received signal;

(d) a switchable light guide means (7)

(d1) having at least two states and optically coupled between said light source (6);

said light reception means (16) and said fluorescent measuring probe (1), for coupling, in a first switched state, light of the first wavelength from the light source (6) to the fluorescent measuring probe (1) and light of the second wavelength from the fluorescent measuring probe (1) to the light reception means (16), and

(d2) for guiding light of the first wavelength from the light source means (6) to the light reception means (16) in a second switched state;

(e) a phase metering means (17 to 20, 23 to

     27), coupled to said generator (2) and said light reception means (16)

(e1) for producing a phase reference signal phaselocked to the output signal of the generator (2) and responsive to the received signal from the light reception means (16),

(e2) to produce a phase metering signal indicative of the phase difference between said output and receive signals;

(f) an evaluation means (28) connected to said phase metering means,

(f1) and responsive to phase metering signals in the at least two delay states of said controllable delay device (4), when said switchable light guide means (7) is

(f2) in the second switched state, for determining the transfer characteristic of the blood gas parameter measuring system, and

(f3) which, in the first switched state of the light guide device (7), determines a value of the blood gas parameter on the basis of the transfer characteristic, the phase metering signal and a correlation between the respective values of the blood gas parameter and dependent values of said time constant, said correlation being predetermined for the fluorescent measuring probe (1).

2. A system according to claim 1, wherein the phase metering means (17 to 20, 23 to 27) comprises:

(e3) a first frequency dividing stage (3) connected between the generator (2) and the delay device (4) and used for producing a control signal for the light source means (6) and having a first frequency which corresponds to the first wavelength,

(e4) a second frequency dividing stage (23) connected to the generator (2) and used for producing a signal having a second frequency,

(e5) a first mixer means (25), which has supplied thereto the control signal of said first frequency and the signal of said second frequency and for producing the phase reference signal having a third frequency which is low in comparison with said first and second frequencies,

(e6) a second mixer means (18) connected to said second frequency dividing stage (23) and to the light reception means (16) for mixing down the frequency of the received signal by means of the signal having said second frequency thus producing an output, and

(e7) a phase comparison circuit means (26), responsive to a phase difference between the output signal of the second mixer means (18) and the phase reference signal, for producing the phase metering signal indicative of the phase difference between these signals.

3. A system according to claim 2,

(e5) wherein the first mixer means produces an

(e5.1) output signal that is a square-wave signal, and

(e7) wherein the phase comparison circuit (26, 27) comprises:

(e7.1) a first band-pass filter (19) connected downstream of the second mixer (18) and having a center frequency in the range of said third frequency.

(e7.2) a comparator (20) connected downstream of the band-pass filter (19) and used for converting the band-pass filter output signal into a square-wave signal,

(e7.3) an EXOR gate (26) connected downstream of the comparator (20) and the digital first mixer (25), and

(e7.4) a low-pass filter (27) connected downstream of the EXOR gate (26) and having a cut-off frequency below that of the first band-pass filter (19).

4. A system according to claim 1,

(c) wherein the light reception means comprises:

(c1) an avalanche photodiode (16),

(c2) a temperature sensor means (21) for measuring the temperature of the avalanche photodiode (16), and

(c3) a power supply means (22) connected to said temperature sensor (21) for producing a supply voltage for the avalanche photodiode (16) in response to an output signal of the temperature sensor means (21).

5. A system according to claim 1,

(d) wherein the switchable light guide means (7) comprises:

(d3) an optical switch (8) coupled to the light source (6) and

(d4) a second optical switch (9) coupled to the light reception device (16) and actuable in conjunction with said first optical switch (8).

6. A system according to claim 1,

(d) wherein the light guide means (7) comprises:

(d5) an optical filter (10), arranged in the light path between the fluorescent measuring probe (1) and the light reception means (16) and which, in the first switched state of the light guide means (7), enables light of the second wavelength to reach light reception device (16), and prevents light of the first wavelength from reaching said light reception device (16).

7. A system according to claim 1, wherein

(a2.1) said controllable delay device (4) is connected between said generator (2) and said light source means (6).

8. A system according to claim 1, wherein

(a2.2) said controllable delay device (4) is connected between said light reception means (16) and said phase metering means (17 to 20, 23 to 27).

9. A system for invasive measuring of blood gas parameters, such as pH, pO₂, pCO₂, and other parameters influencing the time constant of the excited state of a fluorescent dye, comprising

(a) a first light source means (44) for producing excitation light of a first wavelength;

(b) a second light source means (45) for producing excitation light of a second wavelength,

(c) a fluorescent measuring probe (40) provided with

(c1) a fluorescent dye positionable in ion exchange connection with blood,

(c2) said fluorescent dye being adapted to be brought to an excited state by means of light of a first wavelength and returning, while emitting light of a second wavelength, from the excited state to a ground state with a time constant depending on the blood gas parameter to be measured;

(d) a first light reception means (46) for converting light of said second wavelength into a first reception signal;

(e) a second light reception means (47) for converting light of said first and second wavelengths into a second reception signal;

(f) a light guide means (48);

(f1) for coupling light of the first wavelength from the first light source means (44) to the fluorescent measuring probe (40) and to the second light reception means (47), and for coupling light of the second wavelength from the fluorescent measuring probe (40) to the first light reception device (46) and

(f2) for further coupling light of the second wavelength from said second light source means (45) to said first and second light reception means (46,

     47);

(g) a controllable delay device (61) connected to one of the light reception means (46,

     47);

(h) a phase metering means (62,

     63), which is connected downstream of the delay means (61) and the other light reception device (46), for producing a phase metering signal indicative of the phase difference between the reception signals supplied therefrom,

(i) an evaluation means (64);

(i1) coupled to said phase metering means;

(i2) which, when the second light source means (45) is activated is responsive to respective phase metering signals that result during at least two control states of the delay device (61), for determining the transfer characteristic of the blood gas parameter measuring system, and

(i3) when the first light source means (44) is activated, determining a value of the blood gas parameter on the basis of the transfer characteristic, the phase metering signal and a correlation between the respective values of the blood gas parameter and the dependent values of the time constant, said correlation being predetermined for the fluorescent measuring probe (40).

10. A system according to claim 9,

(f) wherein the light guide means (48) comprises:

(f3) first, second, third and fourth Y-shaped optical coupler (49, 50, 51,

     52),

the first coupler having its only input connected to the first light source means (44),

the second coupler having its only input connected to the second light source means (45),

the third coupler having its only output connected to the first light reception means (46) and

the fourth coupler having its only output connected to the second light reception means (47);

(f4) one output of said first coupler (49) being connected to the fluorescent measuring probe (40),

the other output of said first coupler (49) being connected to one of the inputs of the fourth coupler (52).

one output of the second coupler (50) being connected to one of the outputs of the third coupler (51),

the other output of the second coupler (50) being connected to the other input of the fourth coupler (52) and

the fluorescent measuring probe (40) being connected to the other input of the third coupler (51).

11. A system according to claim 9,

(f) wherein the light guide means (48) comprises:

(f4) a filter (54), which is arranged between the fluorescent measuring probe (40) and the first light reception means (46) and which permits light of the second wavelength to pass and to fall on the first light reception device (46), but does not permit a passage of light of the first wavelength.

12. A system according to claim 11,

(f) wherein the light guide means (48) comprises:

(f5) an optical damping unit (53), which is arranged between the second light source means (45) and the second Y-shaped optical coupler (50), the damping ratio of which corresponds to the ratio between the light intensity of the excitation light for the fluorescent measuring probe (40) and the light intensity of the fluorescent light emitted by said fluorescent measuring probe.

13. A system according to claim 9,

(h) wherein the phase metering means (62, 63) comprises:

(h1) a first band-pass filter (57) connected downstream of the first light reception means (46),

(h2) a second band-pass filter (58) connected downstream of the second light reception means (47),

(h3) a first comparator (59) connected downstream of the first band-pass filter (57), and

(h4) a second comparator (60) connected downstream of said second band-pass filter (58) and having connected thereto the delay device (61).

14. A system according to any one of the claims 9 to 13,

(h) wherein the phase metering means (62, 63) comprises:

(h5) an EXOR gate (62) connected downstream of the first band-pass filter (57) and the delay device (61) and

(h6) a low-pass filter (63) connected downstream of the EXOR gate (62).