Antialiasing apparatus and method for computer printers

• US 5,185,852 A
• Filed: 05/31/1991
• Issued: 02/09/1993
• Est. Priority Date: 05/31/1991
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. (HP Inc.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Original Assignee: Digital Equipment Corporation (HP Inc.)
• Inventors: Mayer, Christopher M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Evans, Arthur G.
• Application Number:
  US07/708,482
• Time in Patent Office: 620 Days
• Field of Search: 364/518-520, 358/298, 358/455-459, 346/157, 355/246, 395/101, 395/109, 395/115, 400/191, 400/201
• US Class Current: 358/1.9
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 15/128 generating or processing printable items, e.g. characters
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 2215/006 Anti-aliasing raster data
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 2215/0071 Post-treatment of the composed image, e.g. compression, rotation

Abstract

Printer apparatus provides a grayscale bitmap from a bitonal bitmap of desired output data. The apparatus includes a mapping function implemented as a lookup table for assigning predetermined grayscale values to bitonal bitmap pixels according to the neighborhood or subset of bitonal bitmap pixels including the subject pixel. From the grayscale values the laser of the laser printer is modulated to produce shades of gray during the printing of the desired data.

Claims

1. In a computer system having a digital processor, a printer, and means for generating a bitonal bitmap to support printer printout of processor output, the bitonal bitmap having a plurality of pixels, each pixel having a value, printer apparatus comprising:

a plurality of predetermined grayscale values derived from a learning pattern, the learning pattern representing typical continuous data; and

a mapping member coupled between means for generating a bitonal bitmap and the printer for forming a grayscale bitmap from the bitonal bitmap, the grayscale bitmap having a plurality of pixels, each pixel of the grayscale bitmap corresponding to a respective pixel of the bitonal bitmap, the mapping member receiving the bitonal bitmap from the generating means and for each pixel of the bitonal bitmap, assigning a predetermined grayscale value to the corresponding pixel in the grayscale bitmap.

2. Printer apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the mapping member assigns predetermined grayscale values to corresponding pixels in the grayscale bitmap according to a predefined mapping function, the predefined mapping function including, for each subject pixel of the bitonal bitmap, mapping a subset of pixels of the bitonal bitmap including the subject pixel to a predetermined grayscale value.

3. Printer apparatus as claimed in claim 2 wherein the predefined mapping function further includes a mapping of each possible subset, of a certain size, of pixels of a bitonal bitmap to a different grayscale value.

4. Printer apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the mapping member further includes a working memory having a plurality of memory addresses and holding the predetermined grayscale values, one at each memory address of the working memory, for each subject pixel of the bitonal bitmap, the mapping member (a) establishing a subset of pixels of the bitonal bitmap including the subject pixel, (b) defining a memory address to the working memory from pixel values of the established subset of pixels, and (c) using the defined memory address to the working memory, accessing the predetermined grayscale value held at the defined memory address, the mapping member assigning the accessed predetermined grayscale value to the pixel in the grayscale bitmap corresponding to the subject pixel of the bitonal bitmap.

5. Printer apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the plurality of predetermined grayscale values further comprises averages between working grayscale values.

15. Printer apparatus as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a plurality of predetermined grayscale values including values established from non-linear functions of working grayscale values.

16. Printer apparatus as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a plurality of predetermined grayscale values including weighted sums of working grayscale values.

17. Printer apparatus as claimed in claim 2 wherein the predefined mapping function is established from the learning pattern.

6. Printer apparatus for use in a computer system comprising:

bitmap generating means for receiving from a digital processor a desired data and for generating a bitonal bitmap to support printout of the desired data, the bitonal bitmap having a plurality of pixels each having a respective pixel value;

a plurality of predetermined grayscale values derived from a learning pattern, the learning pattern representing typical continuous data;

a mapping member coupled to receive the bitonal bitmap from the bitmap generating means, the mapping member forming a grayscale bitmap from the bitonal bitmap according to a predefined mapping function, the grayscale bitmap having a plurality of pixels, each pixel of the grayscale bitmap corresponding to a respective pixel of the bitonal bitmap and having a grayscale value, the predetermined mapping function including for each subject pixel of the bitonal bitmap, mapping a subset of pixels of the bitonal bitmap including the subject pixel to a predetermined grayscale value; and

print means coupled to the mapping member for receiving therefrom the formed grayscale bitmap, the print means being capable of grayscale printing and the formed grayscale bitmap enabling the print means to printout, in grayscale, the desired data.

7. Printer apparatus as claimed in claim 6 wherein the predefined mapping function further includes a mapping of each possible certain sized subset of pixels of a bitonal bitmap to a different grayscale value.

8. Printer apparatus as claimed in claim 6 wherein the mapping member includes a working memory having a plurality of memory addresses and holding the predetermined grayscale values, one at each memory address of the working memory, for each subject pixel of the bitonal bitmap, the mapping member (a) establishing a subset of pixels of the bitonal bitmap including the subject pixel, (b) defining a memory address to the working memory from pixel values of the established subset of pixels, and (c) using the defined memory address to the working memory, accessing the predetermined grayscale value held at the defined memory address, the mapping member assigning the accessed predetermined grayscale value to the pixel in the grayscale bitmap corresponding to the subject pixel of the bitonal bitmap.

9. Printer apparatus as claimed in claim 6 wherein the plurality of predetermined grayscale values further comprises averages of at least two working grayscale values.

18. Printer apparatus as claimed in claim 6 further comprising a plurality of predefined grayscale values including values established from non-linear functions of working grayscale values.

19. Printer apparatus as claimed in claim 6 further comprising a plurality of predetermined grayscale values including weighted sums of working grayscale values.

20. Printer apparatus as claimed in claim 6 wherein the predefined mapping function is established from the learning pattern.

10. In a computer network having a digital processor, a printer, and means for generating a bitonal bitmap to support printer printout of desired processor output data, the bitonal bitmap having a plurality of pixels each pixel having a respective value, a method of printing desired processor output data comprising the steps of:

providing a plurality of predetermined grayscale values;

forming a grayscale bitmap of the desired processor output data from the bitonal bitmap of the desired processor output data, the grayscale bitmap having a plurality of pixels, each pixel of the grayscale bitmap corresponding to a respective pixel of the bitonal bitmap and having a grayscale value, said step of forming a grayscale bitmap including, for each pixel of the bitonal bitmap assigning a predetermined grayscale value to the corresponding pixel in the grayscale bitmap; and

providing the grayscale bitmap to print means capable of grayscale printing, the grayscale bitmap enabling the print means to printout in grayscale the desired processor output data.

11. A method as claimed in claim 10 wherein the step of forming a grayscale bitmap further includes, for each subject pixel of the bitonal bitmap, mapping a subset of pixels of the bitonal bitmap including the subject pixel to a predetermined grayscale value.

12. A method as claimed in claim 11 wherein the mapping includes:

defining a memory address to a working memory from pixel values of the subset of pixels of the bitonal bitmap including the subject pixel, the working memory holding a different value at each of a plurality of memory address; and

using the defined memory address to the working memory, accessing the value stored at the defined memory address and assigning the accessed value as the predetermined grayscale value to the pixel in the grayscale bitmap corresponding to the subject pixel of the bitonal bitmap.

13. A method as claimed in claim 10 wherein the step of forming a grayscale bitmap is according to a predetermined mapping function defined by a mapping of each possible subset, of a certain size, of pixels of a bitonal bitmap to a different grayscale value in the plurality of predetermined grayscale values.

14. A method as claimed in claim 13 wherein the plurality of grayscale values includes averages between working grayscale values.

21. A method as claimed in claim 10 wherein the step of forming a grayscale bitmap further includes providing a working memory holding a plurality of grayscale values, one at each of a plurality of memory addresses, the working memory being established by:

(i) generating from a learning pattern representative processor output data;

(ii) converting the generated data into a working bitonal bitmap comprising a plurality of pixels, each having a pixel value;

(iii) converting the generated data into a working grayscale bitmap comprising a plurality of pixels, each corresponding to a different pixel of the working bitonal bitmap, and each having a grayscale value; and

(iv) for each subject pixel of the working bitonal bitmap, forming a memory address to the working memory from a subset of the pixels of the working bitonal bitmap including the subject pixel, and at the formed memory address storing grayscale value of the working grayscale bitmap pixel corresponding to the subject pixel of the working bitonal bitmap,

such that for each pixel of the bitonal bitmap, one of the memory addresses of the working memory is accessed and the grayscale value stored at the memory address is assigned to the corresponding pixel in the grayscale bitmap to form the grayscale bitmap.

22. A method as claimed in claim 21 wherein the working memory is established further by averaging grayscale values of working grayscale bitmap pixels stored at a formed memory address where corresponding working bitonal bitmap pixels form the same memory address to the working memory.

23. A method as claimed in claim 21 wherein the working memory is established further by computing a weighed sum of grayscale values of working grayscale bitmap pixels stored at a formed memory address where corresponding working bitonal bitmap pixels form the same memory address to the working memory.

24. A method as claimed in claim 21 wherein the working memory is established further by non-linearly combining grayscale values of the learning pattern for a memory address to the working memory, commonly formed by different subsets of working bitonal bitmap pixels.

25. A method as claimed in claim 21 wherein the working memory is established further by the steps of:

after storing grayscale values at memory addresses formed for each of the subject pixels of the working bitonal bitmap, identifying remaining memory addresses of the working memory; and

for each remaining memory address, calculating a grayscale value as a function of grayscale values stored at similar memory addresses of the working memory, and storing the calculated grayscale value at the remaining memory address,

such that a grayscale value is stored at each of the plurality of memory addresses of the working memory.