Process and device for the reproducible optical representation of a surgical operation

• US 5,186,174 A
• Filed: 01/29/1990
• Issued: 02/16/1993
• Est. Priority Date: 05/27/1987
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Prof. Dr. Schlondorff, George
• Original Assignee: G. M. Piaff
• Inventors: Mosges, Ralph, Moll, Philipp, Schlondorff, Georg, Meyer-Ebrecht, Dietrich
• Primary Examiner(s): Howell, Kyle L.
• Assistant Examiner(s): ZELE, KRISTA MICHELLE
• Application Number:
  US07/445,838
• Time in Patent Office: 1,114 Days
• Field of Search: 128/653 R, 128/653.1, 606/130, 378/4, 378/20, 378/205
• US Class Current: 600/426
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 34/20 Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/501 for diagnosis of the head, e.g. neuroimaging or craniography
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 90/10 for stereotaxic surgery, e.g. frame-based stereotaxis
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 90/36 Image-producing devices or illumination devices not otherwise provided for

Abstract

The process comprises the steps of creating three reference points at an object and taking a tomogram of the object such that the three reference points define a first set of positional data in the tomogram. The object is then non-rigidly placed on a support for operation thereupon by an instrument which is mounted at a flexible arm containing sensors for sensing the movements of an instrument tip. The instrument tip is placed at the three reference points in order to create a second set of positional data which are in a fixed relationship to the first set of positional data. When the instrument is inserted into the object placed on the support, the positional data of the instrument tip during the insertion movement are sensed and related to the first set of positional data via the fixed relationship between the first and second sets of positional data. The positions of the inserted instrument within the object are thus reproduced in the tomogram for indicating and displaying, monitoring and recording purposes.

Claims

1. A process for representing on a tomogram positions of an instrument located in an object represented by the tomogram, the process comprising the steps of:

creating three reference points on the object;

creating a tomogram of the object, said tomogram encompassing a predetermined number of tomogram slices, at least one of said tomogram slices containing said three reference points;

storing a first set of positional data associated with said three reference points included in said at least one tomogram slice;

placing said object in a non-rigid manner on a support;

positioning an instrument at said three reference points on said object which is placed on said support, and defining a second set of positional data associated with said three reference points on said object placed on said support, said defining being done by said positioning;

establishing a relationship between said first set of positional data and said second set of positional data;

inserting said instrument into said object placed on said support;

sensing positions of said instrument along a path of insertion movement into said object in relation to said second set of positional data, said sensing being performed during said step of inserting said instrument into said object;

using said relationship established between said first and second sets of positional data for transforming said positions of said instrument along said path of insertion movement into said object in relation to said second set of positional data into corresponding positions in relation to said first set of positional data;

superimposing an indication of said corresponding position of said instrument on said tomogram slices of said tomogram; and

displaying said tomogram slices containing said superimposed indication of said corresponding positions of said instrument during said step of inserting said instrument into said object in order to indicate in said tomogram slices said corresponding positions of said instrument located in said object represented by said tomogram.

2. A process in accordance with claim 1, wherein:

said step of creating the tomogram includes creating said tomogram in substantially horizontal and vertical planes with respect to said object; and

said step of displaying said tomogram slices entails simultaneously displaying all of said tomogram slices containing said indication of said corresponding positions of the instrument.

3. A process in accordance with claim 1, further comprising:

storing said tomogram slices containing said superimposed indication of said corresponding positions of said instrument located in the object for retrieval at a later time.

4. A process in accordance with claim 1, further comprising:

periodically checking said three reference points on said object placed on said support;

redefining said second set of positional data associated with said three reference points on said object placed on said support by said periodically checking;

reestablishing said relationship between said first and redefined second sets of positional data;

using said relationship reestablished between said first and redefined second sets of positional data for transforming said positions of said instrument along said path of insertion movement into said object in relation to said redefined second set of positional data into corresponding positions in relation to said first set of positional data; and

said step of displaying said tomogram slices entailing a step of displaying tomogram slices containing said superimposed indications of said corresponding positions of the instrument based on said reestablished relationship between said first and said redefined second sets of positional data.

5. A process in accordance with claim 1, further comprising:

defining and representing a predetermined area of operation in at least one of said tomogram slices;

sensing movements of the instrument inserted into said object and defining an area of operation which is operated upon by said instrument in the object;

recording said movements of the instrument inserted into said object and recording said area of operation; and

comparing said recorded area of operation defined by said movements of the instrument with said predetermined area of operation represented in said at least one of said tomogram slices.

6. A process in accordance with claim 5, further comprising:

modifying said predetermined area of operation defined and represented in said at least one tomogram slice as a result of said step of comparing said recorded area of operation defined by said movements of the instrument with said predetermined area of operation defined and represented in said at least one of said tomogram slices.

7. A process in accordance with claim 5, further comprising:

forming a cavity in said object as a result of said sensed movements of said instrument inserted into said object;

representing said cavity as an envelope curve;

superimposing said envelope curve onto said at least one tomogram slice containing said predetermined area of operation; and

storing said at least one tomogram slice containing said predetermined area of operation and said envelope curve superimposed on said predetermined area of operation;

storing said envelope curve;

creating another tomogram of the object at a later date;

combining said stored envelope curve with said another tomogram.

8. A process in accordance with claim 7, further comprising:

comparing the initially created tomogram with said another tomogram combined with said stored envelope.

9. A process in accordance with claim 1, wherein:

said step of sensing said positions of the instrument along said path of insertion movement into said object entails continuously sensing said positions of said instrument in said object; and

said step of displaying said tomogram slices entails continuously indicating in said tomogram slices said positions of said instrument located in said object.

10. A process for representing on a tomogram a position of an instrument located in an object represented by the tomogram, the process comprising the steps of:

creating three reference points on the object;

creating the tomogram of the object, the tomogram including a predetermined number of tomogram slices, one of said tomogram slices containing said three reference points;

identifying locations of said three reference points on said one tomogram slice;

storing a first set of positional data describing said locations of said three reference points on said one tomogram slice;

placing the object in a supple manner on a support;

positioning the instrument at said three reference points on the object placed on said support;

recording a second set of positional data from the instrument defining locations of said three reference points;

establishing a relationship between said first set of positional data and said second set of positional data;

inserting a tip of the instrument into said object placed on said support;

sensing a position of said tip of the instrument along a path of said inserting, said sensing of said position being in relation to said second set of positional data and being performed during said inserting;

mapping said sensed position of said tip of the instrument along said path into a coordinate frame of the tomogram;

superimposing an indication of said sensed position of said tip of instrument on said tomogram slices of said tomogram; and

displaying said tomogram slices containing said superimposed indication of said sensed position of the tip of the instrument during said step of inserting the instrument into the object in order to indicate in said tomogram slices said sensed position of the tip of the instrument located in the object represented by the tomogram.