Folded broadband antenna with a symmetrical pattern

• US 5,191,351 A
• Filed: 12/29/1989
• Issued: 03/02/1993
• Est. Priority Date: 12/29/1989
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Raytheon Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Texas Instruments, Inc.
• Inventors: Pecak, Matthew L., Hofer, Dean A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hille, Rolf
• Assistant Examiner(s): LE, HOANGANH T
• Application Number:
  US07/458,877
• Time in Patent Office: 1,159 Days
• Field of Search: 343/705, 343/708, 343/872, 343/803, 343/804, 343/895, 343/806, 343/807, 343/873, 343/828, 343/905, 343/821
• US Class Current: 343/895
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/36 Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewithH01Q1/08, H01Q1/14 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/40 Radiating elements coated with or embedded in protective material
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 9/27 Spiral antennas

Abstract

A folded broadband antenna provides a symmetrical radiation pattern comparable to corresponding planar antennas (such as a planar spiral). The folded antenna can be integrated into a leading edge radome, eliminating the forward antenna cavity, and thereby, eliminating the internal wall reflections that cause radiation pattern distortion. A broadband antenna (61/62), such as an archimedean spiral, is folded at an apex area (64) that includes a fold-slot (66). The fold-slot enhances flexure, and allows a center-feed balun shielding tube (84) to extend into close proximity to the antenna aperture (61) for increased balun shielding.

Claims

1. A folded broadband antenna, having a substantially symmetrical, broadband radiation pattern, comprising:

(a) a substrate;

(b) a folded antenna aperture including a radiating element that exhibits broadband substantially symmetrical radiation pattern performance disposed on said substrate;

(c) said folded antenna aperture and substrate having a fold along an apex in a wedge shaped geometry with a selected profile, said apex forming a line of symmetry for said folded antenna aperture;

(d) said substrate having a reduced thickness in the region along said fold; and

(e) a feed element shield disposed in said folded antenna and extending to said fold at said region of reduced thickness.

2. The folded antenna of claim 1, further comprising a cavity behind said folded antenna aperture, and an absorber material disposed in the cavity behind said folded antenna aperture to provide a radiation pattern for said folded antenna aperture which is substantially unidirectional.

3. The folded antenna of claim 2, wherein:

said absorber material forms a wedge-shaped geometry with substantially the same profile as said folded antenna aperture;

said folded antenna aperture being folded over said cavity to provide said folded antenna aperture.

4. The folded antenna of claim 2, further comprising an air spacer disposed between said absorber material and said folded antenna aperture.

5. The folded antenna of claim 4 wherein said air spacer is a foam.

6. The folded antenna of claim 2 wherein said absorber material provides a transition in a direction extending away from said folded antenna aperture from relatively low dielectric constant and low loss to relatively high dielectric contant and high loss.

7. The folded antenna of claim 6 wherein said absorber material comprises in a direction extending away from said folded antenna aperture a layer of relatively low dielectric constant and low loss followed by a layer of relatively medium dielectric constant and medium loss followed by a layer of relatively high dielectric constant and high loss.

8. The folded antenna of claim 1, wherein said folded antenna aperture is a log periodic configuration.

9. The folded antenna of claim 1, wherein said folded antenna aperture is an archimedean spiral configuration.

10. A folded broadband antenna that is center fed, having a substantially symmetrical radiation pattern, comprising:

(a) an antenna aperture that exhibits broadband substantially symmetrical performance;

(b) said antenna aperture including a center feedpoint;

(c) said antenna aperture being folded along an apex into a wedge-shaped geometry with a selected profile and providing a cavity behind said antenna aperture;

(d) said apex forming a lone of symmetry for said folded aperture, including said center feedpoint; and

(e) a transmission line coupled to said center feedpoint of injecting-extracting RF energy into/from said antenna aperture;

(f) a conductive shielding the cavity behind said folded antenna line and extending through the cavity behind said folded antenna aperture to a terminus adjacent to said center feedpoint on said apex; and

(g) a balun extending through said shielding tube, and coupled to said center feedpoint.

11. The center-fed folded antenna of claim 10, wherein said antenna aperture is a spiral configuration.

12. The center-fed folded antenna of claim 11, wherein said antenna aperture is an archimedean spiral configuration.

13. The center-fed folded antenna of claim 10, further including a gap between the terminus of said shielding tube and said antenna aperture wherein said gap is selected to minimize the length of unshielded balun extending between such terminus and said antenna aperture to obtain uniform broadband radiation pattern performance.

14. The center-fed folded antenna of claim 10, further comprising a substrate, said folded antenna aperture being disposed on said substrate, with the combination being designated an antenna.

15. The center-fed folded antenna of claim 14, wherein said antenna includes a fold slot formed in said substrate along said apex to increase flexure of said antenna at said apex.

16. The center-fed folded antenna of claim 15, wherein said shielding tube extends to a terminus within said fold slot.

17. The center-fed folded antenna of claim 16, further including a gap between the terminus of said shielding tube and said antenna aperture wherein the gap is selected to minimize the length of unshielded balun extending between such terminus and said antenna aperture commensurate with selected pattern and gain performance.

18. The center-fed folded antenna of claim 10, further comprising:

a cavity behind said antenna aperture; and

an absorber material disposed in the cavity behind said antenna aperture, such that the radiation pattern for said antenna aperture is substantially unidirectional;

said shielding tube extending through said absorber.

19. A folded broadband antenna, having a substantially symmetrical, broadband radiation pattern, comprising:

(a) a substrate;

(b) a folded antenna aperture including a radiant element that exhibits broadband substantially symmetrical performance disposed on said substrate;

(c) said folded antenna aperture and substrate having a fold along an apex in a wedge shaped geometry with a selected profile, said apex forming a line of symmetry for said folded antenna aperture and a cavity behind said folded antenna aperture; and

(d) an absorber disposed in the cavity behind said folded antenna aperture.

20. The folded antenna of claim 19 wherein said absorber is in a wedge-shaped geometry with substantially the same profile as said folded aperture.

21. The folded antenna of claim 20 wherein said absorber provides a transition in a direction extending away from said folded antenna aperture from relatively low dielectric constant and low loss to relatively high dielectric constant and high loss.

22. The folded antenna of claim 21 wherein said absorber comprises in a direction extending away from said folded antenna aperture a layer of relatively low dielectric constant and low loss followed by a layer of relatively medium dielectric constant and medium loss followed by a layer of relatively high dielectric constant and high loss.

23. The folded antenna of claim 22, further comprising an air spacer disposed between said absorber and said folded antenna aperture.

24. The folded antenna of claim 23 wherein said air spacer is a foam.

25. The folded antenna of claim 21, further comprising an air spacer disposed between said absorber and said folded antenna aperture.

26. The folded antenna of claim 20, further comprising an air spacer disposed between said absorber and said folded antenna aperture.

27. The folded antenna of claim 19, further comprising an air spacer disposed between said absorber and said folded antenna aperture.

28. The folded antenna of claim 27 wherein said air spacer is a foam.

29. A radome/antenna structure with folded broadband antenna having a substantially symmetrical radiation pattern, comprising:

(a) a radome formed into a wedge-shaped geometry with a selected profile; and

(b) a folded broadband antenna, having a substantially symmetrical, broadband radiation pattern, comprising;

(i) a substrate;

(ii) a folded antenna aperture including a radiating element that exhibits broadband substantially symmetrical radiation performance disposed on said substrate;

(iii) said folded antenna aperture and substrate having a fold along an apex in a wedge shaped geometry with the same profile as said radome, said apex forming a line of symmetry for said folded antenna aperture;

(iv) said substrate having a reduced thickness in the region along said fold; and

(v) a feed element shield disposed in said folded antenna aperture and extending to said fold at said region of reduced thickness.

30. The radome/antenna of claim 29, further comprising a cavity behind said folded antenna aperture, and an absorber material disposed in said cavity behind said folded antenna aperture to provide a radiation pattern for said antenna aperture which is substantially unidirectional.

31. The radome/antenna of claim 30, wherein:

said absorber forms a wedge-shaped geometry with substantially the same profile as said folded antenna aperture, said folded antenna aperture being folded over said cavity.

32. The radome/antenna of claim 30, further comprising an air spacer disposed over between said absorber and said folded antenna aperture.

33. The radome/antenna of claim 30 wherein said absorber material provides a transition in a direction extending away from said folded antenna aperture form relatively low dielectric constant and low loss to relatively high dielectric constant and high loss.

34. The radome/antenna of claim 30 wherein said absorber material comprises in a direction extending away from said folded antenna aperture a layer of relatively low dielectric constant and low loss followed by a layer of relatively medium dielectric constant and medium loss followed by a layer of relatively high dielectric constant and high loss.

35. The radome/antenna of claim 29 wherein said folded antenna aperture is a log periodic configuration.

36. The radome/antenna of claim 29 wherein said folded antenna aperture is an archimedean spiral configuration .

37. A broadband radome/antenna structure wherein the antenna is center fed, having a substantially symmetrical radiation pattern, comprising:

(a) a radome formed into a wedge-shaped geometry with a selected profile; and

(b) an antenna aperture that, in a planar configuration, exhibits broadband substantially symmetrical radiation pattern performance, said aperture including;

(i) a center feedpoint;

(ii) said antenna aperture being folded along an apex into a wedge-shaped geometry with substantially the same profile as said radome;

(iii) said apex forming a line of symmetry for said folded antenna aperture, including said center feedpoint; and

(iv) a transmission line coupled to said center feedpoint for injecting/extracting RF energy into/from said antenna aperture;

(v) a cavity behind said antenna aperture;

(vi) a conductive shielding tube surrounding said transmission line and extending through the cavity behind said antenna aperture to a terminus adjacent said center feedpoint on said apex; and

(vii) a balun extending through said shielding tube, and coupled to said center feedpoint.

38. A radome/antenna structure of claim 37 wherein said antenna aperture is a spiral configuration.

39. The radome/antenna structure of claim 38 where said antenna aperture is an archimedean spiral configuration.

40. The radome/antenna structure of claim 37 wherein the gap between the terminus of said shielding tube and said antenna aperture is selected to minimize the length of unshielded balun extending between such terminus and said aperture without excessive attenuation of RF energy.

41. The radome/antenna structure of claim 37 further comprising a substrate, said folded antenna aperture being disposed on said substrate, with the combination being designated an antenna.

42. The radome/antenna structure of claim 41 wherein said antenna includes a fold slot formed in said substrate along said apex to increase flexure of said antenna at said apex.

43. The radome/antenna structure of claim 42 wherein said shielding tube extends to a terminus within said folded slot.

44. The radome/antenna structure of claim 43 wherein the gap between the terminus of said shielding tube and said antenna aperture is selected to minimize the length of unshielded balun extending between such terminus and said antenna aperture commensurate with selected pattern and gain performance.

45. The radome/antenna structure of claim 37, further comprising:

a cavity behind the folded antenna aperture; and

an absorber material disposed in the cavity behind said folded antenna aperture, such that the radiation pattern for said antenna aperture is substantially unidirectional;

said shielding tube extending through said absorber.

46. A radome/antenna system having a folded broadband antenna, having a substantially symmetrical, broadband radiation pattern, comprising:

(a) a radome formed into a wedge-shaped geometry with a selected profile; and

(b) an antenna comprising;

(i) a substrate;

(ii) a folded antenna aperture including a radiant element that exhibits broadband substantially symmetrical performance disposed on said substrate;

(iii) said folded antenna aperture and substrate having a fold along an apex in a wedge geometry with substantially the same profile as said radome;

(iv) said apex forming a line of symmetry for said folded antenna aperture;

(v) a cavity behind said folded antenna aperture; and

(vi) an absorber disposed in the cavity behind said folded antenna aperture.

47. The radome/antenna of claim 46 wherein said absorber is formed into a wedge-shaped geometry with substantially the same profile as said folded antenna aperture.

48. The radome/antenna of claim 47 wherein said absorber provides a transition in a direction extending away from said folded antenna aperture from relatively low dielectric constant and low loss to relatively high dielectric constant and high loss. PG,60

49. The radome/antenna of claim 48 wherein said absorber comprises, in a direction extending away from said folded antenna aperture, a layer of relatively low dielectric constant and low loss followed by a layer of relatively medium dielectric constant and medium followed by a layer of relatively high dielectric constant and high loss.

50. The radome/antenna of claim 49, further comprising an air spacer disposed over between said absorber and said folded antenna aperture.

51. The folded antenna of claim 50 wherein said air spacer is a foam.

52. The radome/antenna of claim 48, further comprising an air spacer disposed over between said absorber and said folded antenna aperture.

53. The radome/antenna of claim 47, further comprising an air spacer disposed over between said absorber and said folded antenna aperture.

54. The radome/antenna of claim 46, further comprising an air spacer disposed over between said absorber and said folded antenna aperture.

55. The folded antenna of claim 54 wherein said air spacer is a foam.