Implantable drug delivery system with piston acutation

• US 5,196,002 A
• Filed: 06/18/1991
• Issued: 03/23/1993
• Est. Priority Date: 10/09/1990
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: University of Utah Research Foundation (State of Utah)
• Original Assignee: University of Utah Research Foundation (State of Utah)
• Inventors: Petelenz, Tomasz, Mladejovsky, Michael G., Jacobsen, Stephen C., Simon, Eric M., Hanover, Barry K.
• Primary Examiner(s): Green, Randall L.
• Assistant Examiner(s): REICHLE, KARIN M
• Application Number:
  US07/716,926
• Time in Patent Office: 644 Days
• Field of Search: 128/202.26, 604/890.1, 604/891.1, 604/27, 604/28, 604/30, 604/31, 604/141, 604/142, 604/143, 604/145, 604/246, 604/131, 604/134, 604/135, 604/207, 604/208, 604/114
• US Class Current: 604/891.1
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/0024 Solid, semi-solid or solidifying implants, which are implanted or injected in body tissue compositions for intravenous administration, normal injectable solutions or dispersions for, e.g. subcutaneous administration A61K9/0019; brain implants A61K9/0085; (coated) prostheses, catheters or stents A61L
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 31/002 Devices for releasing a drug at a continuous and controlled rate for a prolonged period of time artificial gland structures or devices A61F2/022; intra-uterine contraceptive devices A61F6/14; tampons for introducing into the vagina A61F13/20, A61L15/00; suppositories or bougies for intra-vaginal or intra-uterine application A61K9/02; physical forms of medicinal preparations for sustained or differential drug release A61K9/20, A61K9/50
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/14276 specially adapted for implantation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/1452 pressurised by means of pistons

Abstract

An implantable drug delivery system includes a housing having a base end and a discharge end, for holding drug solution at the discharge end, a valve disposed at the discharge end to allow a drug solution to flow from inside the housing, through the valve and out of the housing when solution pressure is applied to the valve, a piston slidably disposed in the housing to slide between the base end and discharge end to force solution toward the discharge end and out the valve, and a spring disposed in the housing between the piston and the base end thereof for urging the piston toward the discharge end. A plurality of different length tethers are connected at one end to the piston and at the other end to a respective release node located at the base end of the housing. Each release node holds the other end of a respective one of the tethers until a release signal is received at which time it releases the tether. A timing circuit is disposed in the housing at the base end to supply release signals sequentially to the nodes in order of the shortest tether node to the longest tether node so that as a tether is released, the piston is allowed to move toward the discharge end of the housing to thereby discharge or bolus of drug solution from the housing, until the next shortest unreleased tether stops further movement of the piston.

Claims

1. An implantable drug delivery system comprising

a housing having a base end and a discharge end for holding drug solution at the discharge end,

valve means disposed at the discharge end of the housing to allow the drug solution to flow out of the valve means and out of the housing when the drug solution pressure is applied to the valve means,

piston means slidably disposed in the housing to slide between the base end and discharge end to force the drug solution toward the discharge end and out the valve means,

biasing means for urging the piston means toward the discharge end of the housing,

movement control means, connected to the piston means, for allowing successive step-wise movement of the piston means toward the discharge end of the housing in response to a plurality of release signals, and for otherwise restraining movement of the piston means, wherein said movement control means comprises

a plurality of different length tethers each having a first and second end, the different length tethers being connected at a first end to the piston means,

a plurality of release nodes located in the housing near the base end thereof, each for holding the second end of a different one of the tethers and for releasing said second end in response to a release signal, and

means for supplying release signals in a predetermined sequence to said movement control means

wherein said release signal supplying means comprises means for sequentially supplying release signals to the release nodes in the order of the shortest tether node to the longest tether node so that as a tether is released, the piston means is moved toward the discharge end of the housing to thereby discharge a bolus of drug solution from the housing, until the next shortest unreleased tether stops further movement of the piston means.

2. A system as in claim 1 wherein said release nodes are comprised of a pyrotechnic material responsive to electrical signals for combusting, and wherein said release signal supplying means generates said electrical signals.

3. A system as in claim 1 further comprising an additional release node disposed on the piston means for holding all of said first ends of the tethers and for releasing all of said first ends in response to a completion release signal, and wherein said release signal supplying means is connected to said additional release node to supply a completion release signal thereto after release signals have been supplied to the other release nodes.

4. A system as in claim 1 wherein said biasing means comprises a coil spring.

5. An implantable drug delivery system comprising

a housing having a base end and a discharge end, for holding drug solution at the discharge end,

valve means disposed at the discharge end of the housing to allow the drug solution to flow out of the valve means and out of the housing when the drug solution pressure is applied to the valve means,

piston means slidably disposed in the housing to slide between the base end and discharge end to force the drug solution toward the discharge end and out the valve means,

biasing means for urging the piston means toward the discharge end of the housing,

movement control means, connected to the piston means, for allowing successive step-wise movement of the piston means toward the discharge end of the housing in response to a plurality of release signals, and for otherwise restraining movement of the piston means, wherein said movement control means comprises

a tether having first and second ends, the tether connected at the first end to the piston means and at the second end to the base end of the housing,

a plurality of release elements joining together respective pairs of adjacent points along the tether to form a succession of loops in the tether which serve to shorten the effective length of the tether by increments corresponding to the loop length, said release elements being responsive to said release signals for releasing the joinder of respective pairs of points to thus allow incremental lengthening of the effective length of the tether, and

means for supplying release signals in a predetermined sequence to said movement control means,

wherein said release signal supplying means comprises means for sequentially supplying release signals to the release elements to allow successive effective lengthening of the tether so that the piston means is allowed to move toward the discharge end of the housing in increments to thereby successively discharge boluses of drug solution from the housing.

6. A system as in claim 5 wherein said release elements are comprised of a pyrotechnic material responsive to electrical signals for combusting, and wherein said release signal supplying means generates said electrical signals.

7. A system as in claim 5 wherein said biasing means comprises a coil spring.