Processes for custom color encapsulated toner compositions

• US 5,204,208 A
• Filed: 10/07/1991
• Issued: 04/20/1993
• Est. Priority Date: 10/07/1991
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Xerox Corporation (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Original Assignee: Xerox Corporation (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Inventors: Moffat, Karen A., Mychajlowskij, Walter, Paine, Anthony J., Martin, Trevor I., Martins, Lurdes M.
• Primary Examiner(s): MARTIN, ROLAND E
• Application Number:
  US07/772,307
• Time in Patent Office: 561 Days
• Field of Search: 430/45, 430/137, 430/138
• US Class Current: 430/137.12
• CPC Class Codes: G03G 9/09 Colouring agents for toner particles
• CPC Class Codes: G03G 9/093 Encapsulated toner particles

Abstract

A process for obtaining custom color toner compositions which comprises admixing at least two encapsulated toners wherein each toner is comprised of a core comprised of a polymer binder, pigment, dye, or mixtures thereof, and a polymeric shell; and wherein the pigment, dye, or mixtures thereof is different for each toner, thereby resulting in a toner with a color different than each of said encapsulated toners.

Claims

1. A process for obtaining custom color toner compositions which comprises admixing at least two encapsulated toners wherein each toner is comprised of a core comprised of a polymer binder, pigment, dye, or mixtures thereof, and a polymeric shell prepared by interfacial polycondensation polymerization;

and wherein the pigment, dye or mixtures thereof is different for each toner, thereby resulting in a custom color toner with a color different than each of said encapsulated toners, and containing an effective proportion of intact polymeric shells which results in the triboelectric charge on the custom color toner being substantially equal to the triboelectric charge on the encapsulated toners.

2. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein there are selected from about 2 to about 10 encapsulated toners.

3. A process in accordance with claim 2 wherein two passivated encapsulated toners are selected and the first toner is comprised of a core comprised of a polymer, and a cyan, yellow, or magenta pigment, and the second toner is comprised of a core comprised of a polymer, and a cyan, yellow, or magenta pigment;

and wherein the pigment for the second toner is dissimilar to the pigment for the first toner.

4. A process in accordance with claim 3 wherein the pigment for the first toner is cyan, and the pigment for the second toner is magenta.

5. A process in accordance with claim 3 wherein the pigment for the first toner is magenta, and the pigment for the second toner is yellow.

6. A process in accordance with claim 3 wherein the pigment for the first toner is cyan, and the pigment for the second toner is yellow.

7. A process in accordance with claim 3 wherein the pigment for the first toner is yellow present in an amount of from about 60 to about 10 weight percent, and the pigment for the second toner is magenta present in an amount of from about 40 to about 90 weight percent.

8. A process in accordance with claim 7 wherein there results a red toner.

9. A process in accordance with claim 3 wherein the pigment for the first toner is yellow present in an amount of from about 95 to about 60 weight percent, and the pigment for the second toner is magenta present in an amount of from about 5 to about 40 weight percent.

10. A process in accordance with claim 3 wherein the pigment for the first toner is yellow, and the pigment for the second toner is cyan thereby providing a green toner.

11. A process in accordance with claim 3 wherein the pigment for the first toner is cyan, and the pigment for the second toner is magenta thereby providing a blue toner.

12. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the pigment for one toner is yellow, the pigment for a second toner is magenta, and the pigment for a third toner is cyan thereby providing a brown toner.

13. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the pigment for a first toner is a yellow pigment selected from the group consisting of Pigment Yellow GFL, Sicofast Yellow, Luna Yellow, and Pigment Yellow 17;

the pigment for a second toner is a cyan selected from the group consisting of Pigment Blue 15;

3 (copper phthalocyanine), Neopen Blue, PV Fast Blue, Heliogen Blue, and anthraquinione blue; and

the pigment for a third toner is a magenta pigment selected from the group consisting of rhodamines, quinacridones, and Fanal Pink.

14. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the shell is comprised of the reaction product of a diisocyanate and diamine, or a polyisocyanate and an amine.

15. A process in accordance with claim 14 wherein the polyisocyanate is selected from the group consisting of benzene diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, bis(4-isocyanatocyclohexyl)methane, and polyether isocyanate prepolymers.

16. A process in accordance with claim 14 wherein the amine is methylpentamethylene diamine.

17. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the core binder is an acrylate polymer, a methacrylate polymer, or a styrene polymer.

18. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the core binder is an acrylate polymer, a methacrylate polymer, or a styrene polymer.

19. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the core binder is a poly(styrene-co-stearyl methacrylate).

20. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the core binder is derived from polymerization of addition monomers selected from the group consisting of methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl acrylate, propyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, pentyl acrylate, pentyl methacrylate, hexyl acrylate, hexyl methacrylate, heptyl acrylate, heptyl methacrylate, octyl acrylate, octyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, lauryl acrylate, lauryl methacrylate, stearyl acrylate, stearyl methacrylate, benzyl acrylate, benzyl methacrylate, ethoxypropyl acrylate, ethoxypropyl methacrylate, methylbutyl acrylate, methylbutyl methacrylate, ethylhexyl acrylate, ethylhexyl methacrylate, methoxybutyl acrylate, methoxybutyl methacrylate, cyanobutyl acrylate, cyanobutyl methacrylate, tolyl acrylate, tolyl methacrylate, styrene, and substituted styrenes.

21. A process in accordance with claim 2 wherein the pigment for one toner is carbon black, magnetite, or mixtures thereof.

22. A process in accordance with claim 2 wherein the pigment for a first encapsulated toner is cyan, yellow, magenta, red, green, blue, brown or mixtures thereof.

23. A process in accordance with claim 22 wherein the pigment for a second toner is carbon black, magnetite, or mixtures thereof.

24. A process in accordance with claim 2 wherein the pigment for a first toner or a second toner is Heliogen Blue, Pylam Oil Blue, Pylam Oil Yellow, Pigment Blue 1, Pigment Violet 1, Pigment Red, Lemon Chrome Yellow, E.D. Toluidine Red, Bon Red C, Novaperm Yellow FGL, Hostaperm Pink E, Cinquasia Magenta, Oil Red anthraquinone dye, Cl Dispersed Red 15, diazo dye, Cl Solvent Red 19, copper tetra-4-(octadecyl sulfonamido) phthalocyanine, X-copper phthalocyanine pigment, Cl Pigment Blue, Anthrathrene Blue, diarylide yellow 3,3-dichlorobenzidene acetoacetanilides, Cl Solvent Yellow, a nitrophenyl amine sulfonamide, Cl Dispersed Yellow 33, 2,5-dimethoxy-4-sulfonanilide phenylazo-4'"'"'-chloro-2,5-dimethoxy acetoacetanilide, or Permanent Yellow FGL;

and wherein the pigment for the first and second toner are unequivalent.

25. A process in accordance with claim 2 wherein the toners contain surface additives.

26. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the polymeric shell is selected from the group consisting of a polyester, a polyurea, or a polyurethane.

28. A process for the preparation of developer compositions which comprises admixing the toner compositions of claim 1 with carrier particles.

29. A process in accordance with claim 28 wherein the carrier particles are comprised of a core with a polymeric coating.

30. A process in accordance with claim 28 wherein the carrier particles are selected from the group consisting of a ferrite core spray coated with a thin layer of a methyl terepolymer comprising 81 percent of methyl methacrylate, 14 percent of styrene and 5 percent of vinyl triethoxysilane;

a nonround, oxidized steel shot core coated with a thin layer of a polymer comprising 65 percent of trifluorochloroethylene and 35 percent of vinyl chloride blended with carbon black;

a steel shot core coated with polyvinylidene fluoride;

a steel shot core coated with a polymer of 35 percent by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride and 65 percent by weight of polymethylmethacrylate;

a ferrite core coated with a methyl terepolymer comprising 81 percent of methyl methacrylate, 14 percent of styrene and 5 percent of vinyltriethoxysilane blended with carbon black and mixtures thereof.

31. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein a surface charge control agent is incorporated into said polymeric shells.

32. A process in accordance with claim 31 wherein the surface charge control agent is selected from the group consisting of fumed or colloidal silicas, aluminas, talc powders, metal salts, metal salts of fatty acids, alkylpyridinium salts, distearyl dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate and mixtures thereof.

27. A process for preparing passivated custom color toner compositions which comprises (1) preparing a first core material which comprises first pigment particles and core monomer and optional polymer components, and preparing a second core material which comprises second pigment particles and core monomer and optional polymer components, said second pigment particles being of a different color from that of the first pigment particles;

(2) dispersing the core materials into an aqueous phase containing a surfactant or emulsifier;

(3) encapsulating said first core material and said second core material within polymeric shells by interfacial polymerization reactions between at least two shell monomers, wherein the first shell monomer is soluble in organic media and the second shell monomer is soluble in aqueous media;

(4) polymerizing the core monomers via free radical polymerization at a temperature of from about 50°

C. to about 130°

C. for about 8 hours to about 24 hours;

(5) thereafter washing the toner thus formed to remove the stabilizing materials;

(6) subsequently drying the final toner product, thereby producing two encapsulated heat fusible toner compositions of different colors and having similar triboelectric charging characteristics; and

(7) admixing the formed two encapsulated toners thereby resulting in a custom color toner with a color different than each of said encapsulated toners, and containing an effective proportion of intact polymeric shells which results in the triboelectric charge on the custom color toner being substantially equal to the triboelectric charge on the encapsulated toners.