Electric vehicle

• US 5,212,431 A
• Filed: 05/21/1991
• Issued: 05/18/1993
• Est. Priority Date: 05/23/1990
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
• Inventors: Irie, Namio, Horie, Hideaki, Origuchi, Masato, Fukino, Masato
• Primary Examiner(s): Ro, Bentsu
• Application Number:
  US07/703,514
• Time in Patent Office: 728 Days
• Field of Search: 318/139, 180/65.1, 180/65.2, 180/65.3, 180/65.4
• US Class Current: 318/139
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 1/14 to electric lighting circuits
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 15/2045 for optimising the use of energy
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2220/12 Induction machines
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2260/54 Energy consumption estimation
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/61 by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/66 Arrangements of batteries
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/71 Arrangement of fuel cells within vehicles specially adapted for electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/33 by cooling
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/40 for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/44 Methods for charging or discharging circuits for charging H02J7/00
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/1415 with a generator driven by a prime mover other than the motor of a vehicle
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/62 Hybrid vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/64 Electric machine technologies in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 Electric energy management in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/40 Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Abstract

An electric vehicle driven by a motor is provided with a secondary battery and a generator which are controlled by a controller so that when an amount of charge of the secondary battery becomes lower than a predetermined value of the generator is put from a stopping state into an operating state and so that when the amount of charge of the secondary battery becomes higher than another predetermined value the generator is put from the operating state into the stopping state. The controller changes the predetermined values in accordance with the changing rate of the electric energy consumption of the secondary battery so that the secondary battery loses it amount of charge after the generator becomes empty of its fuel. The electric vehicle can fully perform its characteristic and the generator is effectively operated by storing excessive electric energy of the generator and effectively using the secondary battery.

Claims

1. An electric vehicle comprising:

a secondary battery;

a generator selectively set in an operating state and a stopping state;

a motor electrically connected to said secondary battery and said generator, said motor driving a vehicle body to run upon receiving electric energy from at least one of said secondary battery and said generator;

means for detecting an amount of charge in said secondary battery and for outputting a charge signal indicative of the detected amount of charge in said secondary battery; and

means for controlling said generator and said secondary battery according to the signal from said detecting means, said controlling means setting said generator in the operating state when the detected amount of charge of said secondary battery is smaller than a first predetermined value which value is changed according to the total amount of energy consumption in said secondary battery.

2. An electric vehicle comprising:

a secondary battery;

a generator selectively set in an operating state and a stopping state;

a motor electrically connected to said secondary battery and said generator, said motor driving a vehicle body to run upon receiving electric energy from at least one of said secondary battery and said generator;

means for detecting an amount of charge in said secondary battery and for outputting a charge signal indicative of the detected amount of charge in said secondary battery;

means for calculating the rate of energy consumption of said motor and for outputting a signal indicative of the measured rate of the energy consumption of said motor; and

means for controlling said generator and said secondary battery according to the signals from said detecting means and said calculating means, said controlling means setting said generator in the operating state when the detected amount of charge is smaller than a first predetermined value and setting said generator in the operating state when the calculated rate of the energy consumption is larger than a second predetermined value.

3. An electric vehicle as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first predetermined value is changed according to the total energy consumption calculated by said calculating means.

4. An electric vehicle comprising:

a secondary battery;

a generator selectively set in an operating state and a stopping state;

a motor for driving a vehicle body to run upon receiving electric energy from at least one of said secondary battery and said generator; and

control means for controlling said generator to selectively take the operating state and the stopping state in accordance with the amount of charge in said secondary battery, said control means including a means for determining the rate of energy consumption for each predetermined time period of said motor, and accordingly switching said generator into the operating state when the amount of charge in said secondary battery is smaller than a predetermined value and the determined rate of consumed electric energy for each predetermined time period is larger than that of a predetermined energy consumption for each predetermined time period.

5. An electric vehicle according to claim 4 further comprising:

a means for detecting amount of charge in said secondary battery and outputting a charge signal indicating said detected amount;

wherein said control means calculates the rate of electric energy transfer from said secondary battery, said control means further selects one from among at least two predetermined values in accordance with the calculated rate of electric energy transfer and controls said generator to be in an operating state when said charge signal is smaller than the selected one predetermined value.

6. An electrical vehicle according to claim 5, wherein said control means includes means for determining a total amount of electrical energy stored within said secondary battery and changes said predetermined value on the basis of the determined total electrical energy that said secondary battery has discharged.

7. An electric vehicle as claimed in claim 5, wherein said control means continuously calculates the total of the electric energy discharged by said secondary battery, calculates a change in the rate of electric energy discharge from said secondary battery, and based on the calculated total electrical energy discharge and the calculated change in the rate of electrical discharge, said control means predicts a time when said secondary battery will completely lose its dischargeable electric energy, and in accordance with said predicted time, establishes a time at which said generator will be put into an operating state.

8. An electric vehicle comprising:

a secondary battery;

a generator selectively taking an operating state and a stopping state;

a motor electrically connected to said secondary battery and said generator, said motor driving a vehicle body to run upon receiving electric energy from at least one of said secondary battery and said generator;

means for detecting an amount of charge in said secondary battery for outputting a charge signal indicative of the detected amount of charge in said secondary battery; and

control means operatively connected to said generator and said detecting means, for changing said generator from the stopping state into the operating state when said charge signal is smaller than a predetermined first value and for changing said generator from the operating state into the stopping state when said charge signal is larger than a predetermined second value said control means continuously calculating the total amount of the electric energy transferred from said secondary battery, and a change of rate of electric energy transfer of said secondary battery, in accordance with the calculated total electrical energy transfer and the calculated change in the rate of electrical energy transfer, said control means predicts a time when said secondary battery will completely lose its dischargeable electric energy, and in accordance with said predicted time establishing a time when said generator will be put into an operating state.