Depolarized pre-gelled electrodes

• US 5,217,014 A
• Filed: 11/04/1991
• Issued: 06/08/1993
• Est. Priority Date: 11/04/1991
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Biofield Corporation
• Original Assignee: Biofield Corporation
• Inventors: Hahn, Steven, Faupel, Mark L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Cohen, Lee S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Parker, Marianne
• Application Number:
  US07/787,641
• Time in Patent Office: 582 Days
• Field of Search: 128/640, 128/639, 128/642, 128/644, 128/798, 128/670, 128/641, 128/802, 128/803, 206/328
• US Class Current: 600/397
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/0215 Silver or silver chloride containing
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/0217 Electrolyte containing
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/0238 Optical sensor arrangements for performing transmission measurements on body tissue
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/08 Sensors provided with means for identification, e.g. barcodes or memory chips
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/24 Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/2415 Measuring direct current [DC] or slowly varying biopotentials
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/25 Bioelectric electrodes therefor
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/265 containing silver or silver chloride
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/266 containing electrolytes, conductive gels or pastes
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/274 using snap or button fasteners

Abstract

The electrode assembly includes at least one pregelled biopotential electrode having an electrolyte gel in contact with the electrode element. An electrically conductive component is removably mounted to electrically connect both the electrolyte gel and the electrode element conductor to complete a conductive bridge therebetween. The conductive element is inert relative to the electrolyte to avoid degradation of the electrolyte.

Claims

1. The pre-gelled electrode assembly for sensing biopotentials present in a living subject which is depolarized before use to reduce DC offset voltage which may be produced by said assembly to a substantially zero volt DC level comprising a base, at least a first electrode mounted upon said base for conducting a biopotential from said electrode assembly, electrolyte means for providing an electroconductive material mounted in contact with said first electrode and depolarizing means for creating an electrical short circuit path mounted to contact said electrolyte means in a contact area thereof which is spaced from said first electrode, said depolarizing means operating to form an electrical short circuit path between said contact area and said first electrode and including an electrically conductive means for completing said electrical short circuit path and which is removed from said electrode assembly before use to break said electrical short circuit path.

2. The electrode assembly of claim 1, wherein said electrically conductive means is formed of material which is insert relative to said electrolyte means to avoid degradation of said electrolyte means.

3. The electrode assembly of claim 1 wherein said electrically conductive means includes a sheet of conductive material contacting and covering said electrolyte means and contacting said first electrode.

4. The electrode assembly of claim 3, wherein said sheet of conductive material includes an inert conductive material.

5. The electrode assembly of claim 1, which includes a plurality of electrodes mounted in spaced relationship on said base, a separate conductive terminal connected to each such electrode and spaced from the conductive terminals connected to the remaining electrodes, and said electrolyte means including electrolyte contacting each said electrode.

6. The electrode assembly of claim 5, wherein said electrically conductive means includes a single sheet of conductive material covering said electrolyte means and contacting said conductive terminals, said electrolyte means including electrolyte contacting each such electrode and spaced by said base from the electrolyte contacting the remaining electrodes.

7. The electrode assembly of claim 6, wherein said base is formed from flexible, electrical insulating material.

8. The electrode assembly of claim 6, wherein said electrodes and conductive terminals are applied as overlying layers on a surface of said base, said conductive terminals extending in spaced relationship from said electrodes to spaced terminal points on said base.

9. The electrode assembly of claim 8, wherein a face sheet is mounted in contact with said base, said face sheet having a plurality of spaced apertures extending therethrough and each aperture being positioned to overlie an electrode when said face sheet is mounted on said base, said electrolyte being mounted in said spaced apertures.

10. The electrode assembly of claim 9, wherein said single sheet of conductive material is positioned to close said apertures.

11. The electrode assembly of claim 10, wherein said face sheet is formed to expose the terminal points of said conductive terminals, said sheet of conductive material contacting said terminal points.

12. The electrode assembly of claim 11, wherein said base is formed from flexible, electrical insulating material.

13. The electrode assembly of claim 12, wherein a backing sheet is mounted in contact with the said base, said base being positioned between said face and backing sheets.

14. The electrode assembly of claim 1 wherein said base includes at least one chamber receiving and containing said electrolyte means, said first electrode being mounted in said chamber in contact with said electrolyte means, and an electrical terminal means for conducting a potential from said first electrode, said electrically conductive means extending externally of said chamber to said electrical terminal means.

15. The electrode assembly of claim 14 wherein said chamber includes an opening spaced from said first electrode, said electrically conductive means extending into said opening in contact with said electrolyte means.

16. The electrode assembly of claim 15 wherein said electrically conductive means includes a first section which extends across and closes said opening, said electrically conductive means extending externally of said base between said opening and said electrical terminal means.

17. The electrode assembly of claim 1 wherein said base includes at least first and second support means for forming electrolyte receiving chambers, each such support means including a chamber open at one end to receive said electrolyte, said first electrode being mounted in the chamber of said first support means in contact with the electrolyte therein and in spaced relation to the open end thereof, said depolarizing means including a second electrode mounted in the chamber of said second support means in contact with the electrolyte therein and in spaced relation to the open end thereof, the open ends of said first and second chambers being mounted in opposed juxtaposition wherein the electrolyte in said first chamber is in contact with the electrolyte in said second chamber, said removably mounted electrically conductive means being connected to create an electrical short circuit path between said first and second electrodes.

18. The electrode assembly of claim 17 wherein said base is formed to permit said first support means to be separated from said second support means to form at least two separate electrode units, each electrode unit containing electrolyte and one of said electrodes.

19. The electrode assembly of claim 18 wherein a separate sheet is provided between said first and second support means and is mounted over the open ends of the chambers formed therein, said separation sheet including at least one opening to permit the electrolyte in said chamber of said first support means to contact the electrolyte in the chamber of said second support means.

20. The electrode assembly of claim 19 wherein each of said first and second electrodes includes a terminal which extends outwardly form the chamber in which said electrode is mounted, said electrically conductive means having at least a first section removably mounted on the terminal for either said first or said second electrode.

21. An electrode assembly comprising a substrate, electrode means for sensing biopotentials mounted upon said substrate, said electrode means including a plurality spaced electrodes deposited as a coating on one surface of said substrate, electrically conductive lead means for conducting a potential from said electrode mans mounted upon said substrate and connected to said electrode means, said electrically conductive lead means including an electrical lead for each electrode deposited as a coating on one surface of said substrate, an electrolyte in contact with each of said spaced electrodes, containment means for receiving said electrolyte and electrode means, said containment means including a face sheet having a plurality of spaced apertures extending therethrough mounted to contact said substrate, each aperture being positioned to overlie an electrode when said face sheet is mounted in contact with said substrate, said electrolyte being mounted in said spaced apertures, and electrically conductive means for closing said apertures contacting said electrolyte in an area spaced form said electrodes, said electrically conductive means extending between said electrolyte and said electrically conductive lead means to depolarize said electrode assembly.

22. The electrode assembly of claim 21 wherein said face sheet is a sheet of electrical insulating material, said electrically conductive means including a sheet of electrically conductive material overlying said face sheet and contacting said electrically conductive lead means.

23. The electrode matrix assembly of claim 22, wherein said face sheet is formed of an electrically insulating foam material, said substrate being formed of a flexible sheet of electrical insulating material, and said sheet of electrically conductive material being formed by a sheet of material which is insert relative to said electrolyte to avoid degradation thereof.

24. A pre-gelled, depolarized electrode assembly comprising first and second electrode units, each of said electrode units including at least one electrode means for sensing and conducting a biopotential, an electrolyte, support means for mounting said electrode means and said electrolyte in contact with said electrode means, conductor means spaced from said electrolyte for conducting a potential from said electrode means, mounting means for mounting said first and second electrode units with the electrolyte of said first electrode unit in electrical contact with the electrolyte of said second electrode unit and electrically conductive means for providing a short circuit connection mounted in contact with the conductor means of said first and second electrode units and extending therebetween.

25. The electrode assembly of claim 24 wherein the mounting means mounts said first and second electrode units with the electrolyte of said units in direct physical contact.

26. The electrode assembly of claim 25 wherein said mounting means includes a separation sheet extending between said first and second electrode units, said separation sheet including at least one opening to permit the electrolyte of said first electrode unit to contact the electrolyte of said second electrode unit.

27. The electrode assembly of claim 26 wherein said support means forms an open ended chamber to receive said electrolyte, said separation sheet extending across the open end of the open ended chambers of said first and second electrode units.

28. The electrode assembly of claim 24 wherein said support means forms a chamber with an open end to receive said electrolyte, said mounting means operating to mount the open end of the chamber of said first electrode unit in juxtaposition with the open end of the chamber of said second electrode unit.

29. A pre-gelled, depolarized electrode assembly comprising containment means for forming a chamber to receive and contain an electrolyte, an electrolyte contained in said chamber, first electrode means for conducting an electrical potential mounted within said chamber in contact with said electrolyte, first electrical terminal means connected to said first electrode means and extending outwardly of said chamber for conducting a potential from said first electrode means, and means for making electrical contact with said electrolyte in an area thereof which is spaced form said first electrode means, said means for making electrical contact including removably mounted electrical conductive means operative to provide a short circuit electrical connection form said area of contact with said electrolyte to said first electrical terminal means, said electrical conductive means extending externally of said chamber to said first electrical terminal means.

30. The pre-gelled, depolarized electrode assembly of claim 29 wherein said means for making electrical contact with said electrolyte in the area thereof spaced from said first electrode means includes a second electrode means for conducting an electrical potential mounted within said chamber in contact with said electrolyte in said area thereof spaced form said first electrode means and second electrical terminal means extending outwardly of said chamber for conducting a potential from said second electrode means, said electrical conducive means being removably mounted on said first and second electrical terminal means and extending therebetween externally of said chamber.

31. The pre-gelled, depolarized electrode assembly of claim 30 wherein said containment means is formed to separate into two parts, each part containing electrolyte and one of said first and second electrode means.

32. A depolarized electrode assembly for sensing biopotentials present in a living subject through contact with the skin of the subject which is depolarized before use to reduce DC offset voltages which may be produced by said assembly to a substantially zero volt DC level comprising at least first and second electrode units, each of which includes an electrode for conducting a biopotential form the electrode unit and contact means in contact with the electrode for contacting the skin of a subject to facilitate ion migration between the skin and the electrode, said first and second electrode units being mounted in opposed relationship with the contact means of said first electrode unit in contact with the contact means of said second electrode unit, and electrically conductive means mounted to create an electrical short circuit path between the electrodes of said first and second electrode units, said electrically conductive means being formed to facilitate the breaking of said short circuit path prior to the use of said first and second electrode units.

33. A method for depolarizing a pre-gelled electrode assembly having at least first and second spaced electrodes in contact with an electrolyte which extends between said electrodes, the method including the step of creating a low impedance electrical path between said first and second spaced electrodes so as to be electrically isolated from said electrolyte and maintaining said low impedance electrical path between said first and second electrodes until DC voltage level measured across said electrodes reaches a stable, substantially zero volt DC level.

34. A method for depolarizing a pre-gelled electrode assembly having at least one electrode in contact with an electrolyte to create a DC offset voltage which includes the steps of creating a low impedance electrical path between said electrode and a portion of said electrolyte which is spaced from said electrode and maintaining said low impedance electrical path until the DC offset voltage of said electrode assembly reaches a stable, substantially zero volt DC level.