Apparatus for synthesis of a solar spectrum

• US 5,217,285 A
• Filed: 03/15/1991
• Issued: 06/08/1993
• Est. Priority Date: 03/15/1991
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Energy
• Original Assignee: The United States of America As Represented By The Secretary of Agriculture
• Inventors: Sopori, Bhushan L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Cole, Richard R.
• Application Number:
  US07/670,112
• Time in Patent Office: 816 Days
• Field of Search: 362/1, 362/2, 362/32, 362/231, 362/293
• US Class Current: 362/1
• CPC Class Codes: F21S 8/006 Solar simulators, e.g. for testing photovoltaic panels
• CPC Class Codes: F21V 9/40 with provision for controlling spectral properties, e.g. colour, or intensity
• CPC Class Codes: F21W 2131/406 for theatres, stages or film studios
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/0005 the light guides being of the fibre type G02B6/0003 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/2804 forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/4296 coupling with sources of high radiant energy, e.g. high power lasers, high temperature light sources
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/4298 coupling with non-coherent light sources and/or radiation detectors, e.g. lamps, incandescent bulbs, scintillation chambers

Abstract

A xenon arc lamp and a tungsten filament lamp provide light beams that together contain all the wavelengths required to accurately simulate a solar spectrum. Suitable filter apparatus selectively direct visible and ultraviolet light from the xenon arc lamp into two legs of a trifurcated randomized fiber optic cable. Infrared light selectively filtered from the tungsten filament lamp is directed into the third leg of the fiber optic cable. The individual optic fibers from the three legs are brought together in a random fashion into a single output leg. The output beam emanating from the output leg of the trifurcated randomized fiber optic cable is extremely uniform and contains wavelengths from each of the individual filtered light beams. This uniform output beam passes through suitable collimation apparatus before striking the surface of the solar cell being tested. Adjustable aperture apparatus located between the lamps and the input legs of the trifurcated fiber optic cable can be selectively adjusted to limit the amount of light entering each leg, thereby providing a means of "fine tuning" or precisely adjusting the spectral content of the output beam. Finally, an adjustable aperture apparatus may also be placed in the output beam to adjust the intensity of the output beam without changing the spectral content and distribution of the output beam.

Claims

1. Solar simulator apparatus, comprising:

first light source means for producing a first light beam having a first wavelength band;

second light source means for producing both a second light beam having a second wavelength band and a third light beam having a third wavelength band; and

a fiber optic cable having a first input leg, a second input leg, and a third input leg combined into a single, mixed output leg, wherein said first input leg is positioned in said first light beam, said second input leg is positioned in said second light beam, and said third input leg is positioned in said third light beam, and wherein said first input leg includes a plurality of first leg optic fibers that are optimized to transmit light having said first wavelength band, said second input leg includes a plurality of second leg optic fibers that are optimized to transmit light having said second wavelength band, and said third input leg includes a plurality of third leg optic fibers that are optimized to transmit light having said third wavelength band, said first, second, and third leg optic fibers being combined together to form said output leg in such manner that said output leg produces a substantially uniform output light beam comprising an additive mixture of the first wavelength band of the first beam, the second wavelength band of the second beam, and the third wavelength band of the third beam.

2. The solar simulator apparatus of claim 1, including collimating means positioned in said output light beam for collimating said output beam.

3. The solar simulator apparatus of claim 2, including:

first adjustable aperture means positioned in the first light beam between said first light source and the first input leg of said randomized fiber optic cable for selectively adjusting the intensity of the first light beam before it enters the first input leg of said randomized fiber optic cable; and

second adjustable aperture means positioned in the second light beam between said second light source means and the second input leg of said randomized fiber optic cable for selectively adjusting the intensity of the second light beam before it enters the second input leg of said randomized fiber optic cable.

4. The solar simulator apparatus of claim 3, including third adjustable aperture means positioned in the output light beam between the single output leg of said randomized fiber optic cable and said collimating means for selectively adjusting the amount of light from the output light beam before it enters said collimating means.

5. Solar simulator apparatus, comprising:

a first light source means for producing a first light beam having a first wavelength band;

a second light source for producing a second light beam having a second wavelength band, said second light source means including means for producing a third light beam having a third wavelength band;

a randomized fiber optic cable having a first input leg, a second input leg, and a third input leg combined into a single output leg, wherein said first input leg is positioned in said first light beam, said second input leg is positioned in said second light beam, and said third input leg is positioned in said third light beam, and wherein said first input leg includes a plurality of first leg optic fibers, said first leg optic fibers being optimized to transmit light having said first wavelength band, said second input leg includes a plurality of second leg optic fibers, said second leg optic fibers being optimized to transmit light having said second wavelength band, and said third input leg includes a plurality of third leg optic fibers optimized to transmit light having said third wavelength band, said first, second, and third leg optic fibers being randomly combined together to form said single output leg, whereby said single output leg produces a substantially uniform output light beam comprising an additive mixture of the first wavelength band of the first beam, the second wavelength band of the second beam, and the third wavelength band of the third beam;

collimating means positioned in said output light beam for collimating said output light beam;

first adjustable aperture means positioned in the first light beam between said first light source and the first input leg of said randomized fiber optic cable for selectively adjusting the intensity of the first light beam before it enters the first input leg of said randomized fiber optic cable;

second adjustable aperture means positioned in the second light beam between said second light source means and the second input leg of said randomized fiber optic cable for selectively adjusting the intensity of the second light beam before it enters the second input leg of said randomized fiber optic cable; and

third adjustable aperture means positioned in the output light beam between the single output leg of said randomized fiber optic cable and said collimating means for selectively adjusting the amount of light from the output light beam before it enters said collimating means.

6. The solar simulator apparatus of claim 5, including forth adjustable aperture means positioned in the third light beam between said second light source and the third input leg of said randomized fiber optic cable for selectively adjusting the intensity of the third light beam before it enters the third input leg of said randomized fiber optic means.

7. The solar simulator apparatus of claim 6, including:

first filter means positioned in the first light beam between said first light source and said first adjustable aperture means for selectively filtering some of said first wavelengths;

second filter means positioned in the second light beam between said second light source and said second adjustable aperture means for selectively filtering some of said second wavelengths; and

third filter means positioned in the third light beam between said second light source and said forth adjustable aperture means for selectively filtering some of said third wavelengths.

8. The solar simulator apparatus of claim 7, wherein said first light source means is a filament lamp.

9. The solar simulator apparatus of claim 8, wherein said second light source means is an arc lamp.

10. A method for synthesizing a solar spectrum having a characteristic spectral distribution and irradiance intensity profile and irradiance intensity level on a wavelength versus irradiance curve, comprising the steps of:

generating a first beam of radiation that is predominately in an infrared and near infrared wavelength band;

generating a second beam of radiation that is predominantly in a visible light wavelength band;

generating a third beam of radiation that is predominately in an ultraviolet wavelength band;

adjusting the respective intensities of said first beam, second beam, and third beam in such a manner that when they are added together they produce a combination spectral distribution and irradiance intensity profile that has approximately the same shape as the spectral distribution and irradiance intensity profile of said solar spectrum;

combining said first beam, said second beam, and said third beam together into a mixed output beam that comprises a resultant additive spectral distribution and irradiance intensity profile that has approximately the same shape as the spectral distribution and irradiance intensity profile of said solar spectrum; and

adjusting the resultant intensity level of said output beam to approximately the same irradiance intensity level as said solar spectrum.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the step of combining said first beam, said second beam, and said third beam comprises the steps of:

directing said first beam into a radiation input end of a first leg of an optical fiber cable that has a first section of optical fibers, a second leg of optical fibers, and a third leg of optical fibers, each of said first, second, and third legs having a radiation input end, and a radiation output end comprising a uniform mix of output ends of said first, second, and third legs;

directing said second beam into said radiation input end of said second leg;

directing said third beam into said radiation input end of said third leg; and

projecting said resultant mixed output beam from said radiation output leg of said optical fiber cable.

12. The method of claim 10, including the steps of:

generating said first beam with a first radiation source that produces predominately infrared and near infrared radiation and filtering out all other radiation that is not in the infrared and near infrared wavelength band;

generating said second and third beams with a second radiation source that produces predominately visible light and ultraviolet radiation, capturing said second beam from said second radiation source by directing a portion of the radiation produced from said second radiation source through optical components that pass visible light and exclude other radiation that is not in the visible wavelength band, and capturing said third beam from said second radiation source by directing another portion of the radiation produced from said second radiation source through optical components that pass ultraviolet and exclude other radiation that is not in the ultraviolet wavelength band.